不平衡线性转子-轴承系统的非平稳地震激励响应分析

给出了受随机地震激励的线性转子-轴承系统动力响应的有效分析方法。应用虚拟激励法和数值积分法,采用Kanai-Tajimi地震模型,对一个四自由度非对称的刚性转子-轴承系统在地震激励和谐波激励联合作用下的位移响应、位移响应谱密度及响应时变方差进行了分析。讨论了不同转速对位移响应时变方差的影响和不同采样角频率对位移响应时变方差曲线的影响。     

基于首超破坏机制的大跨斜拉桥抖振动力可靠性分析

分别采用泊松分布和马尔可夫过程，给出了在一次强风作用下以及在设计基准期内桥梁结构某一特定截面或节点的抖振动力可靠性分析方法。然后，考虑斜拉桥的结构特点及其承受风荷栽的具体情况，确定了以斜拉桥的主梁系统为研究对象的结构体系抖振动力可靠性分析模型。在此基础上，采用串联失效模式，建立了斜拉桥主梁系统抖振动力可靠性分析过程。本文采用有限元法分析结构的空气静力响应。为了快速、准确地计算结构的抖振响应，考虑气弹力与抖振力的联合作用以及多模态耦合效应，采用有限元法和虚拟激励法相结合分析结构的抖振响应。最后，以某大跨斜拉桥为工程背景，对其主梁系统进行了基于刚度要求的抖振动力可靠性分析。     

基于P-M谱的波浪荷载数值模拟及其对跨海斜拉桥的冲击响应规律研究

针对深水桥梁在海洋中面对波浪的冲击问题,以某跨海斜拉桥为例,设定P-M谱为目标谱,依据Welch算法对海浪功率谱进行验证,基于以上理论采用fluent软件建立数值波浪水槽,根据重现期为10年、50年和100年分别计算对应的波高为6.4 m,7.2 m和9.6 m的波浪力,并将波浪力导入斜拉桥进行动力响应计算。综合分析大桥的动力响应, 结果表明,(1) 纵桥向波浪力是由横桥向波浪冲击桥墩出现绕射效应而产生,所以斜拉桥所受横桥向波浪力远大于纵桥向波浪力;(2) 随着波高的增大,斜拉桥的动力响应峰值逐渐增大,主跨跨中和塔顶动力响应峰值随波高的增长率最快,次边跨跨中动力响应峰值随波高的增长率次之,边跨跨中动力响应峰值随波高的增长率最慢;(3) 随着波浪荷载的增大,塔顶横向位移响应增幅显著,塔顶位移响应峰值最大达到0.0598 m。相关研究对大跨度深水桥梁的设计和动力分析有一定的参考意义。     

黏弹性土层中单桩纵向振动的对比分析

在频率域内研究了黏弹性土层中端承桩纵向振动的动力特性.将土骨架视为具有分数阶导数本构关系的黏弹性体,基于黏弹性理论,采用平面应变模型给出了分数阶导数黏弹性土层的动力阻抗.考虑桩纵向振动时的横向惯性效应,将桩等效为Rayleigh-Love杆,得到了桩头动力复刚度和导纳的解析表达式.通过数值计算,分析了不同模型土条件下桩头动刚度因子和阻尼随激励频率的动力响应.同时,研究了Rayleigh-Love和Euler-Bernoulli两种模型桩动力特性的差异.分析了桩-土界面连续性模型和相对滑移模型对黏弹性土层中桩纵向振动的影响.结果表明:1随着阶数和材料参数比的增加,桩头刚度因子和阻尼明显减小;2对于大直径桩,随着外荷载激励频率的增加,桩横向效应对刚度因子和阻尼有显著影响.3连续性模型条件下桩头的刚度因子和阻尼在共振时的振幅小于相对滑移模型条件.     

行波效应下结构非平稳随机地震峰值响应分析

地震运动在本质上是非平稳随机过程。对于一个典型的地震记录,如果地震平稳段持续时间较短,采用非平稳随机过程描述其地震动特性较为合理。目前被最广泛接受的地震非平稳随机振动模型是演变随机激励模型。本文将虚拟激励法和精细积分法相结合,高精度计算了结构在这种随机地震激励下的时变均方根响应,并等效转化为相应的平稳随机过程后进行结构峰值响应计算。不仅考虑了激励的非平稳性,同时高效精确地考虑了结构的动力特性和地震行波效应。能够方便地应用于大型复杂结构,特别是为大跨度桥梁抗震分析提供了高效的计算手段。实际结构算例表明平稳假设会得到偏于保守的结果。当阻尼比较小时,这种差别会更明显。采用非平稳激励模型,显然更为合理;采用本文提出的方法可以很方便地处理这类问题。     

单桩横向非线性运动地震响应简化分析

采用退化的Bouc-Wen模型和动力Winkler地基梁模型,建立了一个单桩横向非线性运动地震响应的简化分析模型,将自由场位移,作为沿桩轴均匀分布的非线性弹簧和频率相关的粘壶的支撑运动,利用运动响应因子的概念以及相应的计算方法,计算并讨论了地震运动过程中,单桩横向非线性运动地震响应问题。计算结果表明,对于单桩横向非线性运动地震响应问题的简化分析,所提出的模型在物理上是合理的。     

安装固定气动翼板的大跨桥梁抖振分析

建立了安装固定气动翼板的大跨桥梁多模态耦合抖振分析框架，推演了作用在整个桥梁-气动翼板系统上的抖振力和自激力的显式表达式，考虑了多模态耦合效应．基于有限元法，作用在主梁-气动翼板系统上的抖振力转化为节点力，进一步得到作用在整个桥梁上的抖振力并导出了其功率谱密度矩阵；作用在主梁．气动翼板系统上的气弹自激力转化为节点力，并将其表达为气弹刚度矩阵和气弹阻尼矩阵．通过组集得到系统的运动方程，然后运用虚拟激励法在频域计算系统的抖振响应．以某大跨斜拉桥为例进行研究，结果表明：在主梁下方安装-对固定气动翼板后，主梁的扭转角位移、角加速度以及侧向加速度响应能够得到有效控制。     

简谐力激励下结构拓扑优化与频率影响分析

研究了简谐力激励下以结构指定位置稳态阶段位移响应幅值为目标函数、结构体积为约束的拓扑优化设计问题. 通过在频域上使用模态叠加法求解简谐力激励下的位移响应, 分析了激励频率和作用方向对位移响应幅值及其优化结果的影响.引入材料属性的多项式插值惩罚模型, 有效消除了动力学拓扑优化局部模态现象.分析了高频激励下位移响应幅值拓扑优化存在的稳定性差、结构不连续等问题, 并通过引入附加静位移约束, 获得了清晰合理的结构形式.理论分析和算例结果揭示了位移响应幅值优化过程中结构模态的变化规律, 验证了该拓扑优化模型的有效性.     

半刚接钢框架的动力分析

推导了半刚接钢框架动力有限元的质量矩阵和刚度矩阵．建立了具有不同节点初始刚度的半刚接多层钢框架及相应刚性框架的计算模型．采用ANSYS软件进行数值模拟分析，研究了节点刚度对结构自振频率的影响以及结构在谐振荷载作用下的响应，对地震波激励下的结构进行了时程分析．分析结果表明不半刚接框架节点的柔性对结构自振频率产生较大的影响，节点柔性越大，结构自振频率降低也越大，结构的抗震设计应考虑节点柔性的影响；半刚接钢框架顶点位移和柱底剪力时程曲线在地震波激励时间内表现出良好的稳定性，柔性连接可以代替刚性节点用于抗震区的钢框架设计中．     

车架结构动力修改与力响应模拟技术研究

以某轻型越野汽车车架为研究对象,通过对该型车辆特定路面行驶工况下路面激励响应特性的研究,构造了模拟载荷谱. 结合车架结构试验模态模型,采用力响应模拟分析技术,对基于舒适性准则进行结构修改后的车架动态特性进行了模拟力响应对比分析,结果表明,力响应模拟分析技术是进行结构动态优化设计的高效手段.     

任意三维贮箱内液体晃动的模态分析及其等效力学模型

本文采用有限元方法建立了数值求解任意三维贮箱内液体晃动固有频率和摸态、动力特征参数的通用程序，利用ANSYS有限元前处理模块．使得程序的通用性达到最大化。通过对液体受迫晃动的结果分析，发现了三维晃动中贮箱外激励与模态响应之间的复杂关系．并且提出了建立液体受迫晃动的等效力学模型的方法。本文以油罐车充液贮箱为例，数值研究了贮箱端部不同所引起的动力学差异，给出了晃动频率和晃动质量的变化曲线。     

舰载旋转机械基础冲击响应建模和数值计算

针对舰载旋转机械的水下非接触爆炸冲击动力学响应问题,提出了一种基础冲击转子-轴承系统建模理论.结合牛顿运动定理、动量矩定理和Timoshenko梁理论,推导出了系统动力学微分方程,方程综合考虑了转子的旋转惯性力、剪切力、陀螺效应、轴向力、轴向扭矩以及轴承的油膜力.通过在时间域和空间域分别采用直接积分法和Galerkin...     

谐波激励下斜拉桥面内非线性振动试验研究

斜拉桥拉索的振动问题一直是桥梁工程领域的研究热点。为揭示拉索大幅振动的力学机理,课题组建立了斜拉桥的全桥精细化模型,本文测试和研究了单频激励下的斜拉桥可能的非线性振动行为。首先,通过自由振动试验测试了模型的模态参数,并与两类有限元模型（OECS模型和MECS模型）进行对比,结果吻合良好。其次,试验研究了在单个竖向简谐激励下斜拉桥模型的非线性响应。研究发现：当激励频率与斜拉桥某阶全局模态频率接近时,主梁产生主共振,并引起多根长索产生大幅的参强振动;当激励频率与某根斜拉索面内一阶频率之比为1：2或者2：1时,可以观测到索中产生超谐波和亚谐波共振现象。     

On damage detection by continuous dynamic monitoring in wind-excited suspension bridges

The paper discusses the application of dynamic methods for damage detection in the main cables of suspension bridges, using data continuously recorded under wind excitation through permanent monitoring systems and automated operational modal analysis. A continuum model for predicting the vertical aeroelastic response of wind-excited damaged suspension bridges is formulated and presented at first. The model shows that, for a real sample bridge, typical variations of mean wind speed produce variations of natural frequencies, due to aeroelastic effects, that are more significant than those produced by a small damage. A possible solution to this issue, proposed in the paper, consists of removing the dependence on the excitation source by calculating frequency shifts considering frequencies, in reference and damaged states, associated to approximately the same mean wind speed. This task and the necessary estimation of frequency shifts through a statistical analysis of identified natural frequencies outline the need for a continuous dynamic monitoring. The analytical model is finally employed for generating dynamic wind response data that are successively processed by means of an advanced automated modal identification tool. Although based on the simplifications inherently contained in the analytical model, the results show that frequency shifts caused by a relatively small damage can be accurately estimated from response data recorded under wind excitation with a reasonable number of data sets.     

Bifurcation and chaos analysis of multistage planetary gear train

A nonlinear time-varying dynamic model for a multistage planetary gear train, considering time-varying meshing stiffness, nonlinear error excitation, and piece-wise backlash nonlinearities, is formulated. Varying dynamic motions are obtained by solving the dimensionless equations of motion in general coordinates by using the varying-step Gill numerical integration method. The influences of damping coefficient, excitation frequency, and backlash on bifurcation and chaos properties of the system are analyzed through dynamic bifurcation diagram, time history, phase trajectory, Poincaré map, and power spectrum. It shows that the multi-stage planetary gear train system has various inner nonlinear dynamic behaviors because of the coupling of gear backlash and time-varying meshing stiffness. As the damping coefficient increases, the dynamic behavior of the system transits to an increasingly stable periodic motion, which demonstrates that a higher damping coefficient can suppress a nonperiodic motion and thereby improve its dynamic response. The motion state of the system changes into chaos in different ways of period doubling bifurcation, and Hopf bifurcation.     

逆压电效应对双稳态压电俘能器的性能影响研究

为了研究逆压电效应对压电俘能效果的具体影响,本文首先分析了双稳态压电俘能器的分布参数型能量表达式,然后应用广义Hamilton变分原理推导了该俘能系统的动力学方程,最后采用谐波平衡法获得了动力响应解析解。通过对比不同激励频率下的数值仿真结果,讨论了逆压电效应对俘能系统动力响应的影响规律。结果表明,逆压电效应在不同工况下对俘能效果的影响并非单纯起抑制作用,在一定激励强度的高频激励下,逆压电效应对俘能效果的影响起增强作用;弱强度激励下的俘能效果则全程受到抑制作用。     

基于LS -DYNA公路桥车桥耦合的车辆模型研究

研究公路桥梁在移动车辆荷载作用下的动力响应,建立合理的车辆模型非常重要。为更真实地体现桥梁在车载作用下的动力响应,基于LS-DYNA程序,结合常用重型车辆的结构特性及参数,对车辆的橡胶轮胎、轮胎内气体压力、车轮转动和车辆悬架系统进行模拟,使车辆模型更接近实际车辆。通过车辆轴重和动力特性初步验证车辆有限元模型的有效性;同时,以一座混凝土简支空心板梁桥为算例,验证车轮转动和车桥相互接触力,并将LS-DYNA计算结果与桥梁实测结果进行对比,进一步验证车辆有限元模型的有效性。研究结果表明,基于LS-DYNA建立的三维车辆有限元模型是可行的,可以用于研究车桥相互作用。     

An enhanced multi-term harmonic balance solution for nonlinear period-\varvec{\beta } dynamic motions in right-angle gear pairs

A nonlinear, time-varying dynamic model for right-angle gear pair systems is formulated to analyze the existence of sub-harmonics and chaotic motions. This pure torsional gear pair system is characterized by its time-varying excitation, clearance, and asymmetric nonlinearities as well. The period-1 dynamic motions of the same system were obtained by solving the dimensionless equation of gear motion using an enhanced multi-term harmonic balance method (HBM) with a modified discrete Fourier transform process and the numerical continuation method presented in another paper by the authors. Here, the sub-harmonics and chaotic motions are studied using the same solution technique. The accuracy of the enhanced multi-term HBM is verified by comparing its results to the solutions obtained using the more computational intensive direct numerical integration method. Due to its inherent features, the enhanced multi-term HBM cannot predict the chaotic motions. However, the frequency ranges where chaotic motions exist can be predicted using the stability analysis of the HBM solutions. Parametric studies reveal that the decrease in drive load or the increase of kinematic transmission error (TE) can result in more complex gear dynamic motions. Finally, the frequency ranges for sub-harmonics and chaotic motions, as a function of TE and drive load, are obtained for an example case.     

Autoparametric amplification of two nonlinear coupled mass–spring systems

The gearboxes of machines generally operate under a time-varying state rather than under steady-state conditions. However, it is difficult to investigate the nonlinear dynamics of a time-varying gear system. A gear system model of a railway vehicle was proposed in consideration of its time-varying mesh stiffness, nonlinear backlash, transmission error, time-varying external excitation, and rail irregularity. To obtain the nonlinear behaviors of a time-varying stochastic gear system, a quasi-static analysis was performed to observe its doubling-periodic bifurcation, chaotic motion, and transition from a lower to a higher power periodic motion. Based on the energy comparison results, the time-varying stochastic gear system was degraded to a time-varying system to simplify the calculation. Furthermore, the nonlinear response of the time-varying system was computed using the Runge–Kutta method and was compared with the results of a quasi-static analysis that employed a short-time Fourier transform method. The results of the quasi-static analysis were consistent with the results of the time–frequency analysis for the time-varying gear system except for the result at 3180 r/min, which represented a short period wherein the process transitioned to chaos. Hence, the comparison demonstrates the applicability of the quasi-static analysis for the nonlinear behavior analysis of a time-varying stochastic system.     

多尺度法的推广及在非线性黏弹性系统的应用

黏弹性材料在航空、机械、土木等领域具有广阔的应用前景,而具有1.5自由度的非线性Zener模型能更好地描述其特性.因此,研究多尺度法的推广和应用具有重要意义.在传统多尺度法的基础上,推广并利用多尺度法对非线性奇数阶微分方程进行研究,解决非线性奇数阶系统的动力学求解问题.以非线性Zener模型为例,首先通过推广的多尺度法...