用浮阻力模型研究Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性诱导混合

采用浮阻力模型对激波管低压缩和激光加载高压缩情况下的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性诱导混合现象进行了研究。通过与实验和理论分析结果进行比较发现:为了达到好的吻合, Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性情况下阻力系数的取值范围(2.0~5.36)比Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性情况下的值(3.3~4.0)宽得多; 而在Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性情况下, 高压缩时阻力系数的不确定度(约为3.36)明显高于低压缩时的值(约为1.46), 模型的进一步完善还有待于更精确实验的验证。研究显示:指数律经验公式中指数随工况的不同而显著变化, 目前工程设计中采用指数律经验公式是粗糙的。     

Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性流体混合区发展的实验研究

使用矩形激波管,在马赫数分别为$M=1.5$和1.7的条件下实验研究了气/液界面 上(即Atwood数$A$接近1时)由Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性引起的流体混合现象. 得到 了气/液界面上Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性后期流体混合区域宽度随时间的发展呈现出线 性关系的结果,即$h \propto t$. 比较了不同马赫数和初始扰动下的发展情况,发现当 马赫数增加时,同一时间混合区域 宽度随之增加,混合区域宽度增长变快;而相比于波长差别不大的弱多模态初始扰动(无人 为干扰界面), 当界面初始扰动获得随机外界干扰时,界面混合区域具有较大的宽度以及增 长速度. 并且增加激波马赫数和初始扰动多模态性,流体混合程度更为剧烈.     

k-D-a-B 模型和 Richtmyer-Meshkov 不稳定性的数值模拟

给出一个适用于流体力学数值模拟的湍流混合模型。由于引入湍流质量通量和密度脉动关联量的演化方程,它比一般的ｋ－模型能更准确地描述界面不稳定性引起的可压缩湍流混合过程,并且可以不需要人为给定初始湍流场。我们用同一套参数模拟了不同Ａｔｗｏｏｄ数的激波管实验,数值结果与实验基本一致。     

统一二阶矩模型用于模拟旋流湍流两相流动

用统一二阶矩模型（ＵＳＭ）模拟了旋流数为０４７和１５的气粒两相流动，并和实验结果以及ｋ ε ｋｐ模型的模拟结果进行了对比．研究结果表明，提高旋流数减小了轴向速度反流区，增大了切向速度似固核区．ＵＳＭ和ｋ ε ｋｐ模型预报旋流数为０４７时的两相速度场差别不大，并都和实验结果接近，但前者预报的旋流数为１５的两相速度场比后者有改进，在两种情况下，前者都能揭示出后者无法预报的两相湍流各向异性规律．     

视密度加权的时平均统一二阶矩两相湍流模型

在气粒两相湍流的双流体模型中,颗粒相的视（表观）密度是有脉动的,在时平均的统一二阶矩（USM）模型中出现了和颗粒数密度或视密度脉动有关的项和方程,使模型方程比较复杂。实际上,用LDV或PDPA测量的流体（用小颗粒代表）和颗粒速度都是颗粒数加权平均的结果。因此,在视密度加权平均基础上推导两相湍流模型更为合理。通过推导和封闭了视密度加权平均的统一二阶矩模型（MUSM）方程组,改进了两相速度脉动关联的封闭,并引入了颗粒遇到的气体脉动速度及其输运方程。MUSM模型可以减少所用方程数,节省计算量。视密度加权平均的统一二阶矩两相湍流模型是一种对原有时间平均的统一二阶矩模型和改进和发展。     

单模大扰动的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性

采用高精度的多介质Ghost-Fluid方法,对马赫数为1.15的激波分别作用于单模大扰动Air-CO2、Air-SF6、Air-N2和Air-He界面后的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定现象进行了数值研究,得到了不同时刻扰动界面的演化图像,给出了流场的密度等值线和密度纹影图,同实验结果吻合较好。给出了界面的扰动增长随时间变化的情况,并同理论模型进行了对比。对激波从轻气体进入重气体的情况,扰动增长可采用Sadot模型描述线性阶段和早期非线性阶段;对于弱激波同密度接近的气体界面的相互作用,线性阶段时间较长,可用线性模型描述。     

柱状交界面Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性的数值研究

采用基于有限体积法的二阶Godunov格式模拟了柱形密度交界面在同轴激波加速下的演化过程。得到了以下初步结果:在参数相同的情形下,内聚激波比中心爆炸波对界面的扰动更危险;内聚激波从轻质流体进入重质流体与从重质流体进入轻质流体相比,界面有更快的增长。周向波数大小对界面增长率有很大的影响,在计算的参数下,n=8～12有最大增长率,大于和小于这个范围的周向波长,增长率均明显减弱。     

k-D-a-B 模型和 Richtmyer-Meshkov 不稳定性的数值模拟

给出一个适用于流体力学数值模拟的湍流混合模型。由于引入湍流质量通量和密度脉动关联量的演化方程，它比一般的ｋ－ε模型能更准确地描述界面不稳定性引起的可压缩湍流混合过程，并且可以不需要人为给定初始湍流场。我们用同一套参数模拟了不同Ａｔｗｏｏｄ数的激波管实验，数值结果与实验基本一致     

流场非均匀性对非平面激波诱导的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性影响的数值研究

基于Navier-Stokes方程组,采用可压缩多介质黏性流动和湍流大涡模拟程序MVFT (multi-viscousflow and turbulence),模拟了均匀流场与初始密度呈现高斯函数分布的非均匀流场中马赫数为1.25的非平面激波加载初始扰动air/SF6界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM)不稳定性现象。数值模拟结果表明,初始流场非均匀性将会影响非平面激波诱导的RM不稳定性演化过程。反射激波加载前,非平面激波导致的界面扰动振幅随着流场非均匀性增强而增大;反射激波加载后,非均匀流场与均匀流场条件下的界面扰动振幅差异有所减小。进一步,定量分析流场中环量分布及脉动速度统计量揭示了前述规律的原因。此外,还与平面激波诱导的RM不稳定性进行了简单对比,发现由于非平面激波波阵面区域的涡量与激波冲击界面时产生的涡量的共同作用,使得非平面激波与平面激波诱导的界面失稳过程存在差异。     

二阶矩两相湍流模型中的改进算法

建立了融合SIMPLEC算法在内的考虑了浓度修正影响的颗粒压力修正方程。提出了二阶矩湍流模型下考虑浓度修正值影响的两相湍流流动的算法,并将它和没有考虑浓度修正值影响的二阶矩湍流模型进行了对照。结果表明在二阶矩模型中是否考虑浓度修正影响会不同程度地影响流场的速度以及浓度等参数分布,考虑浓度修正影响的二阶矩湍流模型更能有效地预测稠密两相湍流流动。     

Hot-wire method for measurements of turbulent mixing induced by Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in shock tube

A constant temperature hot-wire anemometry method is applied to the study of mixing zones induced by the interaction of a shock wave with Mach number 1.25 in air with air/helium (heavy/light), air/argon or air/krypton (light/heavy) initially plane interfaces. The single wire gauge is positioned at various locations along the shock tube axis. At the present stage of our investigation, although the analysis of the hot-wire signal is not achieved yet, we report the interesting concept of using hot-wire anemometry as a diagnostic method for shock tube studies of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. Based on this preliminary work, we discuss prospective experimental signal conversion, in order to provide some new results for this field of investigation, in particular for resolving characteristics of the turbulent mixing zone which is of most interest. Received 3 August 2000 / Accepted 15 February 2001     

Numerical simulation of methane-air turbulent jet flame using a new second-order moment model

A new second-order moment model for turbulent combustion is applied in the simulation of methane-air turbulent jet flame. The predicted results are compared with the experimental results and with those predicted using the wellknown EBU-Arrhenius model and the original second-order moment model. The comparison shows the advantage of the new model that it requires almost the same computational storage and time as that of the original second-order moment model, but its modeling results are in better agreement with experiments than those using other models. Hence, the new second-order moment model is promising in modeling turbulent combustion with NO_x formation with finite reaction rate for engineering application. The project sponsored by the Foundation for Doctorate Thesis of Tsinghua University, and the National Key Project in 1999–2004 sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China     

Experimental study of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability induced by a Mach 3 shock wave

An experimental investigation of a shock-induced interfacial instability (Richtmyer-Meshkov instability) is undertaken in an effort to study temporal evolution of interfacial perturbations in the late stages of development. The experiments are performed in a vertical shock tube with a square cross-section. A membraneless interface is prepared by retracting a sinusoidally shaped metal plate initially separating carbon dioxide from air, with both gases initially at atmospheric pressure. With carbon dioxide above the plate, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability commences as the plate is retracted and the amplitude of the initial sinusoidal perturbation imposed on the interface begins to grow. The interface is accelerated by a strong shock wave (M = 3.08) while its shape is still sinusoidal and before the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability distorts it into the well known mushroom-like structures; its initial amplitude to wavelength ratio is large enough that the interface evolution enters its nonlinear stage very shortly after shock acceleration. The pre-shock evolution of the interface due to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the post-shock evolution of the interface due to the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability are visualized using planar Mie scattering. The pre-shock evolution of the interface is carried out in an independent set of experiments. The initial conditions for the Richtmyer-Meshkov experiment are determined from the pre-shock Rayleigh-Taylor growth. One image of the post-shock interface is obtained per experiment and image sequences, showing the post-shock evolution of the interface, are constructed from several experiments. The growth rate of the perturbation amplitude is measured and compared with two recent analytical models of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability.PACS: 52.35.Py, 52.35.Tc     

A new large cross-section shock tube for studies of turbulent mixing induced by interfacial hydrodynamic instability

Abstract. A new large cross-section shock tube has been developed in order to investigate different stages of the development of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability and the instability-induced turbulent mixing. The main benefits of such a facility are that it allows, first, to create a free turbulent mixing with the knowledge of its initial conditions and, second, to follow different transition phases from the beginning to the fully developed turbulent stage. Received 10 May 2002 / Accepted 20 July 2002 Published online 4 February 2003 Correspondence to: L. Houas (e-mail: Lazhar.Houas@polytech.univ-mrs.fr)     

Turbulent mixing,induced by the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability

Turbulent mixing development, induced by passing of shock waves through the interface, has been studied on the basis of two semi-empirical models. The process of transition from random initial perturbations to turbulence is a rather complicated one, but it proceeds in a finite time. Here it is assumed that passing of shock waves through the initial zone of roughness leads to the instant development of mixing. The expression for the turbulent kinetic energy, transfered by the arriving shock wave, has been derived. The value of this energy is determined by the value of the non-dimensional parameter which is equivalent to the Richardson number. The analytical solution describing the turbulent kinetic energy decay and the mixing zone width change in time, has been obtained.The analytical form of constructed solutions allows to perform comparison between the models and to make the choice of constants on the basis of comparison with the known experiments. Comparison of the obtained theoretical results with Zaitzev's experimental data is given for the impulsive acceleration.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1.0 and the AMS fonts, developed by the American Mathematical Society.     

Experiments on the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability of an air/SF6 interface

Results of flow visualization experiments of an impulsively accelerated plane interface between air and SF₆ are reported. The shock tube used for the experiments has a larger test section than in previous experiments. The larger extent of uniform test flow relative to nonuniform boundary-layer flow permits unambiguous interpretation of flow-visualization photographs, and the influence of shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions is no longer dominant. The strong wall vortex observed in previous studies is not observed in these experiments. It is found that the thin membrane, which forms the initially plane interface, has a significant influence on the initial growth rate of the interface thickness. However, the measured growth rates after the first reflected shock are independent of membrane configuration and are in good agreement with analytical predictions.On leave from Stosswellenlabor (Shock Wave Laboratory), RWTH Aachen, Templergraben 55, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.This article was processed by the author using theLAT_EX style filepljour2 from Springer-Verlag.     

Development of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability upon interaction of a diffusion mixing layer of two gases with shock waves

Based on the previously formulated mathematical model of mechanics of a two-velocity two-temperature mixture of gases, the evolution of an initially disturbed mixing layer of two gases with different densities under the action of shock waves is considered in a two-dimensional unsteady approximation. Problems of interaction of shock waves with a sinusoidally disturbed diffuse layer are solved numerically. The predicted variation of the mixing-region width are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 3–11, May–June, 2005.     

Study of the membrane effect on turbulent mixing measurements in shock tubes

The effect of the thin membrane on the time evolution of the shock wave induced turbulent mixing between the two gases initially separated by it is investigated using two different sets of experiments. In the first set, in which a single-mode large-amplitude initial perturbation was studied, two gas combinations (air/SF and air/air) and two membrane thicknesses were used. The main conclusion of these experiments was that the tested membrane has a negligible effect on the evolution of the mixing zone, which evolves as predicted theoretically. In the second set, in which similar gas combinations and membrane thicknesses were used, small amplitude random-mode initial perturbation, caused by the membrane rupture, rather than the large amplitude single-mode initial perturbation used in the first set, was studied. The conclusions of these experiments were: (1) The membrane has a significant effect on the mixing zone during the initial stages of its growth. This has also been observed in the air/air experiment where theoretically no growth should exist. (2) The membrane effect on the late time evolution, where the mixing zone width has reached a relatively large-amplitude, was relatively small and in good agreement with full numerical simulations. The main conclusion from the present experiments is that the effect of the membrane is important only during the initial stages of the evolution (before the re-shock), when the perturbations have very small amplitudes, and is negligible when the perturbations reach relatively large amplitudes. Received 29 August 1998 / Accepted 25 December 1998