基于内时大变形弹塑性本构模型的回弹和二次屈服分析

采用了一个由简单机构建立的材料热力学一致性弹塑性大变形本构模型，该模型满足热力学基本的不可逆约束条件，并考虑到了储存在残余微应力场中的能量，用相应的算法，编制了一个用户子程序UMAT，并将其嵌入到商用软件ABAQUS中，对圆柱形工件在弹性工具中镦粗和闭合模镦粗时的回弹和二次屈服进行了分析。比较模拟和实验所测得的载荷一位移关系，可以看出在镦粗的第一阶段发生塑性变形，工件在轴向加载过程中产生的横向变形受到了由于模具的弹性变形引起的径向约束，载荷迅速增加；第二阶段轴向压力减少，模具回弹使得工件的径向变形得以恢复，但随着塑性应变的增加，发生工作强化；第三阶段模具约束解除，工作的径向尺寸增加。用该本构模型对闭合模镦粗过程的计算，表明计算结果与实验结果是一致的。     

基于有限单元柔度法的材料与几何双重非线性空间梁柱单元

从有限单元柔度法的基本思想出发,基于完全拉格朗日格式(TL格式),建立了能考虑材料与几何双重非线性的一般化空间梁柱单元,适用于满足Euler-Bernoulli梁柱二阶分析理论假定的空间杆系结构非线性分析。另外,在梁柱单元截面分析中引入纤维模型,使其适用于解决钢筋混凝土这类复合材料结构的非线性分析问题。对钢筋混凝土双向偏心受压柱试验结果的模拟分析表明,本文所提方法是正确、可靠的,能有效地分析钢筋混凝土框架柱的材料与几何双重非线性问题。     

纤维增强聚合物约束混凝土柱轴压本构模型研究新进展

较全面总结了纤维增强聚合物约束混凝土的本构模型最新进展,分析了各类模型的理论基础、特点、存在的问题,探讨了纤维增强聚合物约束混凝土轴压强度与变形规律、破坏机制等,总结了影响本构模型的主要影响因素,如约束应力的计算、纤维增强聚合物实际破坏应变值等,为今后对本构模型比较分析提供了基本框架.     

含主应力轴旋转的土体本构关系研究进展

主应力轴旋转对岩土工程的影响日益受到人们的重视．本文从纯主应力轴旋转、纯应力洛德角变化、多种因素变化、排水与不排水等方面较全面地描述了含主应力轴旋转情况下土体的基本变形特性．对当前较有影响的含主应力轴旋转的土体本构模型（基于一般应力空间的土体本构模型、运动硬化模型、边界面模型、土体弹塑性应力应变关系的完全应力增量表述等等）进行了较为系统的评述．提出了合主应力轴旋转的实验研究中存在的核心问题与建立合主应力轴旋转的土体本构关系的根本途径．      

考虑粘结滑移效应的型钢混凝土梁柱单元

本文建立了一种适用于型钢混凝土梁柱构件的非线性梁柱单元,并在建模中考虑了粘结滑移效应。根据型钢混凝土自由体的受力特点,建立了考虑界面粘结滑移时单元的控制微分方程和变形协调方程。基于有限单元柔度法和纤维模型的基本思想,选取了合适的力的插值函数。根据最小势能原理,推导了单元的柔度矩阵,提出了基于柔度法的单元状态确定方法。最...     

含旋转椭球形夹杂复合材料的弹塑性本构关系

在体胞模型的基础之上应用解析方法分析了颗粒或短纤维增强复合材料的本构行为,结合数值计算给出了表征材料本构关系的解析表达式.提出了一种新的正交椭球坐标变换以简化推导过程.在计算中,将真实位移场分为两部分: 基本场和扰动场,然后通过摄动方法将原来的非线性问题转化为一组线性方程组的求解.计算了当基体材料和夹杂的特征参数取不同值时的应力应变曲线,并与已有的实验和分析结果进行了比较,符合得较好.通过对数值计算结果的拟合,提出了一个颗粒或短纤维增强复合材料的弹塑性本构关系的解析表达式.     

基于内时大变形弹塑性本构模型的镦粗热力耦合分析

采用一个简单机械模型得到了热力耦合的弹塑性大变形本构方程,它满足不可逆热力学的基本约束,并考虑到了储存在残余微应力场中的能量对后续变形的贡献.发展了相应的算法,对弹性压板间的圆柱镦粗进行了分析.结果表明,在镦粗过程中的塑性耗散和工件两端的热传导造成工件中温度分布的不均匀,因此导致了材料力学性能的改变.与实验结果和等温假设下的计算结果进行了比较,表明计及塑性耗散热的计算结果与实验结果更为一致.     

基于统一强度理论的岩石弹塑性本构模型及其数值实现

基于弹塑性力学理论,以统一强度准则为屈服准则,建立了考虑硬化/软化行为和应变率效应的岩石弹塑性本构模型;采用Fortran语言通过LS-DYNA的用户自定义材料接口(Umat)对该弹塑性本构模型进行编程,并把该程序生成求解器以达到对该模型进行应用的目的;通过岩石的单轴压缩实验和SHPB实验对所建的弹塑性本构模型进行验证,结果表明,该弹塑性本构模型能够反映岩石在准静态和动态下的力学行为。     

基于J-C模型的Q235钢的动态本构关系

采用万能材料试验机、分离式霍普金森压杆和拉杆系统,研究了Q235钢在常温至900 ℃的准静态和动态压缩及拉伸力学性能。基于实验结果,修正了Johnson-Cook（J-C）本构模型中的温度软化项,提出了Q235钢的修正J-C本构模型,并利用Taylor撞击实验和数值仿真验证了其动态本构关系。     

沸石分子筛单晶体弹塑性双线性本构关系的实验研究与有限元确定

为研究两种沸石分子筛方钠石SOD和镁碱沸石FER的力学性能,采用纳米压痕技术,测得随载荷连续变化的位移,得到载荷-位移曲线图.根据Olive算法,利用接触刚度连续测量技术,得到这两种沸石分子筛的硬度及弹性模量.基于弹塑性双线性本构关系假定,用ANSYS有限元程序模拟纳米压痕实验过程,利用搜索法得到沸石大单晶SOD和FER的双线性本构关系.     

基于弯矩图计算超静定轴力的新方法

某些超静定结构,当弯矩图确立后,应用静力平衡条件无法绘出轴力图.分析该类结构的基本特征和受力特点,利用某些刚架在结点集中力作用下无弯矩、只有轴力的特点和力法的思想,提出解算已知弯矩图轴力超静定结构的计算方法.算例表明该方法简化了力法的计算过程,将其应用于教学,有利于学生对力法的深入理解.     

A constitutive model and elastoplastic analysis of structures under cyclic loading

A constitutive model for cyclic plasticity is briefly outlined. Then the model is implemented in a finite element code to predict the response of cyclic loaded structural components such as a double-edge-notched plate, a grove bar and a nozzle in spherical shell. Comparision with results from other theories and experiments shows that the results obtained by using the present model are very satisfactory.The Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Stress space and strain space formulation of the elasto-plastic constitutive relations for singular yield surface

This paper gives the stress space and the strain space formulations of the elastoplastic constitutive relations at a singular point on a yield surface, discusses the parallelism of the two space formulations and points out that the strain space formulation has a wider range of applicability.     

An elasto-plastic damage constitutive theory and its prediction of evolution of subsequent yield surfaces and elastic constants

Based on pair functional potentials, Cauchy-Born rule and slip mechanism, a material model assembling with spring-bundle components, a cubage component and slip components is established to describe the elasto-plastic damage constitutive relation under finite deformation. The expansion/shrink, translation and distortion of yield surfaces can be calculated based on the hardening rule and Bauschinger effect defined on the slip component level. Both kinematic and isotropic hardening are included. Numerical simulations and predictions under tension, torsion, and combined tension-torsion proportional/non-proportional loading are performed to obtain the evolution of subsequent yield surfaces and elastic constants and compare with two sets of experimental data in literature, one for a very low work hardening aluminum alloy Al 6061-T6511, and another for a very high work hardening aluminum alloy annealed 1100 Al. The feature of the yield surface in shape change, which presents a sharp front accompanied by a blunt rear under proportional loading, is described by the latent hardening and Bauschinger effect of slip components. Further, the evolution law of subsequent yield surfaces under different proportional loading paths is investigated in terms of their equivalence. The numerical simulations under non-proportional loading conditions for annealed 1100 Al are performed, and the subsequent yield surfaces exhibit mixed cross effect because the kinematic hardening and isotropic hardening follow different evolution tendency when loading path changes. The results of non-proportional loading demonstrate that the present model has the ability to address the issue of complex loading due to the introduction of state variables on slip components. Moreover, as an elasto-plastic damage constitutive model, the present model can also reflect the variation of elastic constants through damage defined on the spring-bundle components.     

粗糙颗粒的随机离散元模拟——随机法向接触定律

真实颗粒的力学性质会受到其随机粗糙表面的影响,然而在传统离散元模拟中通常假设颗粒具有光滑表面,因此有必要在定量考虑颗粒表面粗糙度的基础上改进离散元的接触模型。本文基于经典 Greenwood-Williamson(GW)模型通过理论分析和数值模拟提出了一种可以考虑颗粒表面粗糙度的法向接触定律;开发了基于 Newton-Raphson迭代的数值计算方法,通过输入颗粒重叠量和一系列表面粗糙系数计算总接触力;讨论了改进计算方法效率和准确性的相关问题。相对于 GW模型中接触关系的复杂积分表示,拟合得到新随机接触定律的表达式具有类似 Hertz定律的简单结构,只包含一个表征颗粒表面粗糙度标准偏差的新增参数,σ,可以方便的引入当前离散元模拟程序中进行计算。     

Implicit scheme for integrating constitutive model of unsaturated soils with coupling hydraulic and mechanical behavior

A constitutive model of unsaturated soils with coupling capillary hystere- sis and skeleton deformation is developed and implemented in a fully coupled transient hydro-mechanical finite-element model （computer code U-DYSAC2）. The obtained re- sults are compared with experimental results, showing that the proposed constitutive model can simulate the main mechanical and hydraulic behavior of unsaturated soils in a unified framework. The non-lineaxity of the soil-water characteristic relation is treated in a similar way of elastoplasticity. Two constitutive relations axe integrated by an implicit return-mapping scheme similar to that developed for saturated soils. A consistent tan- gential modulus is derived to preserve the asymptotic rate of the quadratic convergence of Newton＇s iteration. Combined with the integration of the constitutive model, a complete finite-element formulation of coupling hydro-mechanical problems for unsaturated soils is presented. A number of practical problems with different given initial and boundary conditions are analyzed to illustrate the performance and capabilities of the finite-element model.     

The stress subspace of hybrid stress element and the diagonalization method for flexibility matrixH

The following is proved: 1) The linear independence of assumed stress modes is the necessary and sufficient condition for the nonsingular flexibility matrix;2. ) The equivalent assumed stress modes lead to the identical hybrid element The Hilbert stress subspace of the assumed stress modes is established So, it is easy to derive the equivalent orthogonal normal stress modes by Schmidt’s method Because of the resulting diagonal flexibility matrix, the identical hybrid element is free from the complex matrix inversion so that the hybrid efficiency is improved greatly The numerical examples show that the method is effective.     

基于SIR模型的工程材料统一单轴本构关系研究

工程材料的单轴应力-应变全曲线反映了材料最基本的本构关系,但目前对适用于多种材料的统一本构关系研究尚不够深入。本文基于传染病传播动力学SIR模型,建立了反映材料单元动态变化的应力-应变模型。根据同伦分析方法提出了模型的解析解和近似解,并讨论了模型反映材料尺寸效应和应变率的能力。结果表明,本文提出的单轴应力-应变模型中的参数可以与实际材料的力学特性相对应,模型解能够统一、全面、准确地反映多种材料力学性能的变化规律以及尺寸效应和应变率等因素的影响。