氮中二氧化氮气体标准物质的研制

采用称量法制备并计算定值,研制(10～5000)μmol.mol-1氮中二氧化氮气体标准物质。考察了气体标准物质随贮存时间和钢瓶压力变化的稳定性,将制备的气体标准物质与GBW 08180进行比对验证,结果表明研制的气体标准物质定值的扩展不确定度优于3%(k=3),有效期限为12个月。     

氮气中六氟化硫气体标准物质的研制

建立了制备氮气中六氟化硫气体标准物质的方法。以称量法制备气体标准物质并计算定值,采用气相色谱法对制备的气体标准物质的均匀性和稳定性进行考察。将所制备的标准物质与中国计量院提供的氮气中六氟化硫气体标准物质进行比对分析验证,确保了气体标准物质量值的准确可靠。结果表明,所研制的浓度为10μL/L的氮气中六氟化硫气体标准物质定值的扩展不确定度为2%,贮存有效期为1年,完全能够满足电力部门仪表的检定与校准要求。     

氮中多元标准混合气体的制备

研究用重量法制备氮中多元标准混合气体，对其制备原理、制备装置、气体称量装置，制备过程以及组分气体纯度的分析方法进行了介绍。分析了重量法制备氮中多元标准混合气体定值不确定度的来源，其定值的扩展不确定度小于3％。     

加湿气体标准物质水含量分析

利用称量法、饱和蒸气压法、流量法3种不同原理的方法分析加湿气体标准物质中加湿量(水分的变化量),测定结果分别为4.66,4.68,4.70 g。依据3种方法的测量模型计算得到3个湿度量值的标准不确定度分别为0.016,0.025,0.666 g。为加湿后气体湿度值的量值溯源提供了3种可靠的方法,为加湿气体标准物质的制备和水含量溯源提供了新思路。     

氦气分析用杂质成分气体标准物质研制

采用称量法研制了氦气中微量氖、氢、氧、氮、甲烷、二氧化碳和一氧化碳7种杂质成分气体标准物质,介绍了称量法制备技术、稀释气中相关杂质的定量等过程,并分别用F检验和回归曲线法对研制的气体标准物质进行了均匀性和稳定性检验.结果表明,研制的氦气分析用杂质成分气体标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,气体标准物质定值结果为10μmo...     

注射重量法制备乙醇气体标准物质的不确定度

分析了注射重量法制备乙醇气体标准物质不确定度的来源,包括乙醇称量过程引入的不确定度、氮气称量过程引入的不确定度、乙醇纯度引入的不确定度、氮气纯度引入的不确定度。合成不确定度及扩展不确定度分别为0.08%、0.16%(k=2)     

重量法制备氮中微量氧气体标准物质

介绍重量法制备氮中微量氧气体标准物质的实验方法和结果.考察了环境空气对微量氧配制过程中引入误差的影响,对称量法制备气体标准物质不确定度进行了评定并对不确定度进行了验证,验证结果吻合在l%之内;氧含量在0～10 μmoL/mol范围内重量法制备的气体标准物质的不确定度小于1%,并且取得了国际的等效性.     

二氧化碳中一氧化氮气体标准物质研制

研制二氧化碳中一氧化氮气体标准物质。以高纯二氧化碳和一氧化氮气体标准物质为原料,采用称量法制备二氧化碳中一氧化氮气体标准物质,用气体分析仪对制备的标准物质浓度进行检测,并对该标准物质定值结果的不确定度进行评定。研制的二氧化碳中一氧化氮气体标准物质中一氧化氮的浓度为5,25,50 μmol/mol,相对扩展不确定度为3.0% (k=2)。该气体标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,可用于食品级二氧化碳分析方法的确认和评价。     

氦离子化气相色谱仪校准用混合物中甲烷气体标准物质研制

介绍氦中甲烷气体标准物质的制备方法.以超纯氦气和高纯甲烷为原料,采用称量法制备特性值为10μmol/mol的氦中甲烷气体标准物质.采用气相色谱法(DID检测器)对制备的标准物质进行均匀性、稳定性检验,并对定值结果的不确定度进行评定.研制的气体标准物质均匀性和稳定性良好,有效期为12个月,相对扩展不确定度为2％(k=2)...     

CCQM-K74国际比对中二氧化氮浓度的测量

介绍了国际比对样品中10μmol/mol NO2气体浓度精确分析方法的建立过程。该方法的建立包括标准物质的制备、分析仪器的选择和测量结果的不确定度3个主要的方面。标准物质的制备及其量值的不确定度评价采用了气体标准物质定值的基准方法——称量法。对傅立叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)和化学发光光谱法进行了比较研究。确定了更适合于本次国际比对样品的分析方法为化学发光光谱法,测量结果的相对扩展不确定度为1.0%(k=2)。本次比对的最终结果报告显示,所建立的分析方法准确可靠。     

Evaluation of error sources in a gravimetric technique for preparation of a reference gas mixture (carbon dioxide in synthetic air)

One method of preparing a primary reference gas mixture is the gravimetric blending method. Uncertainty of a few mg in mass measurements is unavoidable when preparing reference gas mixtures under current laboratory conditions with our facilities, equipment, and materials. There are many sources of errors when using this method. In this study, several sources of errors were re-evaluated for our process for preparation of carbon dioxide in synthetic air. As a consequence of the re-evaluation, it was found that some sources of errors had significant effects on gravimetric concentrations of the gas mixtures. These sources are: (1) different masses of the reference cylinder and sample cylinder (an error in the readings of the electronic mass comparator), (2) leakage of the inner gas from valves of the cylinders, and (3) cooling of the gas cylinder caused by filling with high-pressure liquefied carbon dioxide gas. When the mass measurements were performed under uncontrolled conditions, the errors due to sources (1), (2), and (3) were as high as 20 mg, 24 mg, and 13 mg, respectively. In this paper, the detailed results from re-evaluation of these sources of errors are discussed. Figure Evaluation of the source of error (1)     

Effect of moisture adsorption/desorption on external cylinder surfaces: influence on gravimetric preparation of reference gas mixtures

There are many error sources in the preparation of primary reference gas mixtures by the gravimetric method. One of the error sources is the adsorption/desorption of moisture on the external gas cylinder surface. Variation of relative humidity in atomospheric air around the cylinder during the preparation process may cause an error in the mass measurement of the gas cylinder. Effect of the adsorption/desorption on the surface is dependent on the condition of the external cylinder surface. In this study, various types of cylinders are precisely weighed under different humidity conditions. Hairline finish and shot blast finish are preferable treatments for the external cylinder surface in our experiments. The use of cylinders with painted surface should be avoided as possible if the humidity control in the rooms is insufficient.Table 1 Tested cylinders with various finishes on external surfaces     

重量法制备标准混合气体

介绍重量法制备标准混合气体的原理、装置、制备过程，以及标准混合气体组分纯度的分析方法。分析了重量法制备多元标准混合气体定值不确定度的来源，对定值的扩展不确定度的计算方法作出了说明。     

Development of a 100 nmol mol<Superscript>−1</Superscript> propane-in-air SRM for automobile-exhaust testing for new low-emission requirements

New US federal low-level automobile emission requirements, for example zero-level-emission vehicle (ZLEV), for hydrocarbons and other species, have resulted in the need by manufacturers for new certified reference materials. The new emission requirement for hydrocarbons requires the use, by automobile manufacturing testing facilities, of a 100 nmol mol(-1) propane in air gas standard. Emission-measurement instruments are required, by federal law, to be calibrated with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable reference materials. Because a NIST standard reference material (SRM) containing 100 nmol mol(-1) propane was not available, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Automobile Industry/Government Emissions Research Consortium (AIGER) requested that NIST develop such an SRM. A cylinder lot of 30 gas mixtures containing 100 nmol mol(-1) propane in air was prepared in 6-L aluminium gas cylinders by a specialty gas company and delivered to the Gas Metrology Group at NIST. Another mixture, contained in a 30-L aluminium cylinder and included in the lot, was used as a lot standard (LS). Using gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection all 30 samples were compared to the LS to obtain the average of six peak-area ratios to the LS for each sample with standard deviations of <0.31%. The average sample-to-LS ratio determinations resulted in a range of 0.9828 to 0.9888, a spread of 0.0060, which corresponds to a relative standard deviation of 0.15% of the average for all 30 samples. NIST developed its first set of five propane in air primary gravimetric standards covering a concentration range 91 to 103 nmol mol(-1) with relative uncertainties of 0.15%. This new suite of propane gravimetric standards was used to analyze and assign a concentration value to the SRM LS. On the basis of these data each SRM sample was individually certified, furnishing the desired relative expanded uncertainty of +/-0.5%. Because automobile companies use total hydrocarbons to make their measurements, it was also vital to assign a methane concentration to the SRM samples. Some of the SRM samples were analyzed and found to contain 1.2 nmol mol(-1) methane. Twenty-five of the samples were certified and released as SRM 2765.     

Trace analysis of small gas samples in sealed containers with mass spectrometry using static dilution

A sampling method for the analysis of small amounts of gases from sealed containers is described. Liquefied pressurised gas samples were expanded into a vacuum box and statically diluted with ultrapure nitrogen. The equations for the sample dilution were established, relating the measured impurity amount fractions in the sample mixture to their partial pressures in the sealed container and, in the case of oxygen, to the air pressure. Ion?Cmolecule reaction mass spectrometry allowed identification and measurement of trace impurities corresponding to partial pressures in the range of 1?hPa in the container. The method was applied for determining the identity and amount of gaseous impurities in n-butane used in implantable gas pressure?Coperated drug infusion pumps. Impurities from the n-butane supply cylinder or from decomposition products, for example due to the laser welding of the Ti plugs of the containers, could be excluded by the results of saturation vapour pressure measurements, FID gas chromatograms and IMR mass spectra. The variability in pressure versus volume among tested infusion pump samples was associated with excess oxygen, attributable to an excessive residual air pressure in the gas containers before they were filled with n-butane. The sample preparation method is principally applicable to measure the composition of small amounts of gas mixtures and gaseous impurities with identified IMR mass spectra down to trace levels??even for ubiquitous substances like oxygen. The volume of the produced gas mixtures allows characterisation of the gas by standard gas analytical methods and for impurities by trace gas analytical methods.     

High accuracy isotope dilution analysis for the determination of ethanol using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry

A procedure was established for the determination of ethanol in water samples by isotope dilution analysis. After spiking the sample with labelled [13C2]ethanol, it was analysed by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Results are reported for two certified reference materials and also ethanol solutions prepared for a CITAC (Co-operation on International Traceability in Analytical Chemistry) interlaboratory comparison. The certified reference materials were certified using the dichromate titration method at nominal levels of 80 and 200 mg per 100 mL. The CITAC solutions were prepared gravimetrically at nominal levels of 50, 80 and 200 mg per 100 mL. The results of the analysis agree well to within 0.5% of the gravimetric values of the different samples. The relative expanded standard uncertainties (with a coverage factor equal to 2) associated with the results varied between 0.18 and 0.37%, a range that encompassed the gravimetric values for the different samples. A complete uncertainty budget was also drawn up so that the different contributions could be identified and quantified. The main contributions were due to variations in the measured isotope amount ratios and a 'between' blend component introduced to quantify the contribution of factors such as the degree of matching of the isotope amount ratios between standards and samples used in the isotope dilution analysis.     

重量法测定灰岩中的二氧化碳

采用重量法对灰岩中的二氧化碳进行测定。首先用酸分解试样,在载气作用下,产生的二氧化碳被吸收液完全吸收,最后用重量法间接求出二氧化碳的含量。实验结果准确度高,矿石中的硫不干扰测定,可测定0.1%以上的二氧化碳。不经过复杂的气体净化步骤,操作准确、简单、易行,可用于灰岩中二氧化碳的测定。