高铁低铝煤矸石酸浸除铁及其废液利用的研究

研究以六盘水盘县某矿区煤矸石为原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验的方法,研究了酸浸法除铁的工艺。通过对酸浓度、酸浸温度、酸浸时间、液固比四个影响因素的考察,得到各因素对酸浸除铁的影响规律。通过正交试验,确定了除铁的最佳工艺条件为:酸浓度15%、酸浸温度45℃、酸浸时间4h、液固比4:1,在此条件下的除铁率为90.3%。并用酸浸液制备了符合国家相关标准的氧化铁红产品。     

ZrO2和Al2O3在金红石型TiO2表面的包覆研究

以(NaPO3)6为分散剂,用化学沉积法对金红石型TiO2进行了锆、铝氧化物包膜。研究了包覆过程中,TiO2的分散、ZrO2和Al2O3用量、反应pH值以及时间对二氧化钛的亨特白度(Wh)和光泽度(L)的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X光电子能谱(XPS)和沉降性试验对包覆前后的二氧化钛进行了表征,得到包锆、包铝氧化物的优化工艺条件。研究了二氧化钛表面包锆、铝氧化物的包覆机理和表面结构。经过其表面包膜处理,二氧化钛的颜料性能得到明显改善。     

硫铁矿烧渣制备氧化铁黄和氧化铁红

对利用硫铁矿烧渣制备氧化铁黄和氧化铁红进行了研究。考察了影响硫铁矿烧渣还原、酸溶、中和、氧化等过程的各种因素。结果表明,在适宜的条件下,利用烧渣可以制备出用做颜料的氧化铁黄和氧化铁红。     

聚合物结构对包膜缓释肥缓释性能的影响

研发和使用缓控释肥能有效解决普通肥料利用率低以及由于化肥使用过量而引起的环境问题。聚合物包膜型缓控释肥是缓控释肥中的一种,影响其缓释性能的因素如环境因素、包膜厚度、加工工艺等,前人已研究较多。聚合物结构对于缓释性能的影响也很重要,而这方面研究较少。本文主要讨论了聚合物结晶性、分子亲疏水性、分子链柔顺性、交联等结构因素对缓释性能的影响。深入研究聚合物结构对缓释性能的影响有助于缓控释材料的创新;能为聚合物包膜材料的设计、聚合物缓控释肥的研发及生产提供一定的理论依据。     

明胶/葡甘聚糖/聚乙烯醇缓释肥料包膜的表征

以甲醛作交联剂,甘油为增塑剂,用溶液共混法制备了明胶/葡甘聚糖/聚乙烯醇缓释尿素包膜。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、热重分析和差示量热扫描等表征了包膜的结构,结果表明该条件下包膜中原料之间产生了较强的相互作用,形成了一个较稳定的复合体。     

硫铁硫烧渣制备氧化铁黄和氧化铁红

对利用硫铁矿烧渣制备氧化铁黄和氧化铁红进行了研究。考察了影响硫铁矿烧渣还原、酸溶、中和、氧化等过程的各种因素。结果表明，在适宜的条件下，利用烧渣可以制备出用做颜料的氧化铁黄和氧化铁红。     

Y_2O_3∶Eu荧光粉表面包覆In_2O_3的研究

采用高温固相法合成了FED用Y2O3∶Eu红色荧光粉,为提高其导电性,采用表面成膜包覆法对其进行了In2O3包膜研究。通过XRD,Zeta电位,SEM及低压光谱分析等检测手段分析了包膜前后Y2O3∶Eu的晶体结构、电位、形貌与发光性能,探索了包膜工艺。结果表明:在Y2O3∶Eu表面包覆3%的In2O3能有效改善荧光粉的发光亮度,这种改善的可能原因是包覆In2O3改善了Y2O3∶Eu晶粒表面的导电性。     

Y2O3:Eu荧光粉表面包覆In2O3的研究

采用高温固相法合成了FED用Y2O3：Eu红色荧光粉，为提高其导电性，采用表面成膜包覆法对其进行了In2O3包膜研究。通过XRD，Zeta电位，SEM及低压光谱分析等检测手段分析了包膜前后Y2O3：Eu的晶体结构、电位、形貌与发光性能，探索了包膜工艺。结果表明：在Y2O3：Eu表面包覆3％的In2O3能有效改善荧光粉的发光亮度，这种改善的可能原因是包覆In2O3改善了Y2O3：Eu晶粒表面的导电性。     

盐酸曲马多药物树脂制备技术的研究

采用静态法和动态法和工艺制备盐酸曲马多药物树脂,并对制备过程中体系温度,反应时间,药物溶液浓度,溶液流速等影响因素进行了研究;以正交设计对工艺进行优化。     

盐酸曲马多药物树脂制备技术的研究

采用静态法和动态法两种工艺制备盐酸曲马多药物树脂，并对制备过程中体系温度、反应时间、药物溶液浓度、溶液流速等影响因素进行了研究；以正交设计对工艺进行优化。     

Sulfite solutions for conversion of iron hydrate wastes formed at copper-nickel industries

Possibility was examined of using spent solutions of sulfur dioxide gas sorbents, together with sodium sulfite and pyrosulfite, for conversion of iron hydrate wastes produced by copper-nickel industries to red iron oxide pigment.     

硫酸根离子对铁在弱碱性溶液中阳极溶解和钝化行为的影响

采用浸泡实验, 电化学测试和表面分析技术研究了硫酸根离子浓度对铁在稀碳酸氢钠溶液中开路状态和阳极极化行为的影响. 在无硫酸根离子及含有少量硫酸根离子的碳酸氢钠溶液中, 铁的开路电位约为(-0.225±0.005) V, 并呈现钝化状态, 其电化学阻抗很大, 腐蚀速率较低. 在含有较高浓度硫酸根离子的碳酸氢钠溶液中, 铁的开路电位为(-0.790±0.010) V并呈现活性溶解状态, 其电化学阻抗较小, 腐蚀速率较高, 同时阳极极化曲线上能观察到活化-钝化转变现象. 由于铁在含有较高浓度硫酸根离子的碳酸氢钠溶液中处于活化状态, 阳极极化曲线上存在数个电流峰. 足够高的硫酸根离子浓度会导致铁表面预先形成或转变而成的氧化膜失效. 相比于自然曝氧状态, 在除氧条件下较低的硫酸根离子浓度即可引起铁在碳酸氢钠溶液中由钝态向活性溶解态的转变.     

Synthesis of iron(III) oxide from solution under exposure to external electric field

New method for controlling the physicochemical properties and morphology of iron oxide is suggested. The methods of transmission and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray phase and thermal analysis were used to study the structure and properties of highly dispersed iron oxides formed under exposure of the reaction mixture to an external electric field. The effect of synthesis conditions on the formation of structure and morphology of particles of iron oxide, a compound that finds practical application as a pigment or catalyst base, was examined.     

The identification by Raman microscopy and X-ray diffraction of iron-oxide pigments and of the red pigments found on Italian pottery fragments

The technique of Raman microscopy has been used to identify and characterise the pigments used in red shards of medieval and earlier items of pottery which have been found in various archaeological sites in the South of Italy. The research has led to the identification, on the basis of their characteristic Raman/resonance Raman spectra, of the red pigments as iron(III) oxide (e.g. Indian Red, Red Ochre or Venetian Red) and the yellow pigments as hydrated iron(III) oxyhydroxide (e.g. Yellow Ochre and Mars Yellow). X-ray powder diffraction experiments confirm the conclusions drawn above.     

Effect of Calcium Oxide Additive on Sorbent for High-Temperature the Performance of Iron Oxide Coal Gas Desulfurization

The effect of calcium oxide additive in iron oxide sorbent for hot gas desulfurization was investigated by XRD and TPR techniques. XRD characterization showed that CaO was highly dispersed after the calcination of sorbents. Calcium sulfate formed in the desulfurization was decomposed and regenerated to CaO by reacting with CO before the next sulfidation process. Calcium participated in every sulfidation/regeneration cycle and contributed to the enhancement of sulfur capacity. The TPR results showed that the reduction temperature of the sorbent increased with the increase of the content of calcium. Calcium played a role of retarding reduction. Therefore, the addition of calcium oxide additive will benefit the utilization of iron oxide sorbent in strongly reducing atmospheres.     

Effect of Calcium Oxide Additive on the Performance of Iron Oxide Sorbent for High-Temperature Coal Gas Desulfurization

The effect of calcium oxide additive in iron oxide sorbent for hot gas desulfurization was investigated by XRD and TPR techniques.XRD characterization showed that CaO was highly dispersed after the calcination of sorbents.Calcium sulfate formed in the desulfurization was decomposed and regenerated to CaO by reacting with CO before the next sulfidation process.Calcium participated in every sulfidation/regeneration cycle and contributed to the enhancement of sulfur capacity.The TPR results showed that the reduction temperature of the sorbent increased with the increase of the content of calcium.Calcium played a role of retarding reduction.Therefore,the addition of calcium oxide additive will benefit the utilization of iron oxide sorbent in strongly reducing atmospheres.     

Quantitative detection of aqueous arsenic and other oxoanions using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy utilizing iron oxide coated internal reflection elements to enhance the limits of detection

An attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique has been developed utilizing an oxide coated internal reflection element to quantitatively evaluate the concentrations of three inorganic oxoanions, arsenate, sulfate, and selenate, at environmentally significant levels. Two iron oxide coatings, goethite and an iron sol-gel, were used and compared to an uncoated internal reflection element which typically has a limit of detection around 1.0 mM. The goethite coating improved the limits of detection by factors of 45.6 and 137.0 for arsenate and sulfate as compared to an uncoated cell. The iron sol coating improved the limits of detection by factors of 481.2, 156.2, and 114.0 for arsenate, sulfate, and selenate, respectively.     

Design of water-based ferrofluids as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging

We report the synthesis, characterization and relaxometric study of ferrofluids based on iron oxide, with potential for use as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs). The effect of different cost-effective, water-based surface modification approaches which can be easily scaled-up for the large scale synthesis of the ferrofluids has been investigated. Surface modification was achieved by silanization, and/or coating with non-toxic commercial dispersants (a lauric polysorbate and a block copolymer with pigment affinic groups, namely Tween 20 and Disperbyk 190) which were added after or during iron oxide nanoparticle synthesis. It was observed that all the materials synthesized functioned as negative contrast agents at physiological temperature and at frequencies covered by clinical imagers. The relaxometric properties of the magnetic nanoparticles were significantly improved after surface coating with stabilizers compared to the original iron oxide nanoparticles, with particular reference to the silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles. The results indicate that the optimization of the preparation of colloidal magnetic ferrofluids by surface modification is effective in the design of novel contrast agents for MRI by enabling better or more effective interaction between the coated iron oxide nanoparticles and protons present in their aqueous environment.     

Colloidal stability of aqueous polymeric dispersions: effect of water insoluble excipients

An important issue in the aqueous coating process is dispersion stability. An unstable dispersion results in aggregation of the colloidal particles, thereby affecting the film coating process. In the coating suspension containing pigment, a latex for aqueous film coating might interact with pigment, resulting in unstable dispersion. We therefore conducted a stability investigation in a mixed dispersion including latexes, EudragitL30D-55 (A-latex), EudragitRL30D (C-latex) and EudragitNE30D (N-latex) and pigments, titanium dioxide and iron oxide yellow. An aggregation of the dispersion containing A-latex was observed at pH 2. Regarding the dispersions with C-latex and N-latex, no aggregation was observed in the range pH 2-11. We calculated total interaction energy between latex-latex particles, pigment-pigment particles and latex-pigment particles based on DLVO theory. The calculated results explained two mechanisms of the stable mixed dispersion. The first was that the individual latex particle and the pigment particle dispersed without aggregation in the mixed dispersion because of the electrostatic interaction. The next was that the latexes adsorbed onto the surface of the pigments, making electrostatically stable heterocoaggregates. We also calculated the binding constant of iron oxide yellow for C-latex at pH 10. The value of the constant was determined to be 1.1 x 10(-2).     

Determination of trace amounts of lead, arsenic, nickel and cobalt in high-purity iron oxide pigment by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after iron matrix removal with extractant-contained resin

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was applied to the determination of lead, arsenic, nickel and cobalt in high-purity iron oxide pigment. Samples were dissolved with hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The digest was passed through a column, which was packed with a polymer resin containing a neutral organophosphorus extractant, tri-n-butylphosphate. Iron was sorbed selectively on the resin and the analytes of interest passed through the column, allowing the effective separation of them from the iron matrix. Conditions of separation were optimized. The detection limits (3σ) in solution were 10, 40, 7 and 5 μg L⁻¹, and in pigment were 0.2, 0.8, 0.14 and 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ for lead, arsenic, cobalt and nickel, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 95% to 107% when sample digests were spiked with 5 μg of the analytes of interest, and relative standard deviations (n = 6) were 1.5-17.6% for the determination of the spiked samples. The method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of these elements in high-purity iron oxide pigment samples.