首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
人体上肢运动的Kane动力学模型   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
建立了人体上肢3刚体7自由度的多刚体模型,并应用Kane方法建立了上肢鞭打动作的物理模型,计算出上肢各环节在鞭打动作过程中的肌肉力矩和关节反作用力.实践证明,Kane方法在描述和计算上肢运动的形式和力矩时具有列解方程规范简洁、编程计算方便高效的特点,计算结果能够反映动作实际.通过对棒球投掷动作上肢三个环节力和力矩进行计算与分析,初步了解了上肢各环节在运动过程中肌肉力矩和关节反作用力与动作技术的关系.  相似文献   

2.
柔性机械臂动力学建模和控制研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
综述了柔性机械臂动力学建模和动力学控制等相关问题,介绍了柔性机械臂动力学建模中的旋转代数法、基于Lagrange方程的方法及基于模型辩识的方法;介绍了柔性机械臂动力学控制中的PD控制、反馈控制、自适应控制、鲁棒控制、预测控制、非线性控制和智能控 制,最后详细介绍了柔性机械臂动力学控制中的混合控制及智能结构;指出在柔性机械臂动力学建模和动力学控制应解决的问题。这对包括柔性机械臂在内的多柔体系统动力学建模与控制问题的研究有一定的促进作用。   相似文献   

3.
张娟  舒亚锋  刘自强  白斌 《应用力学学报》2015,(1):132-138,178-179
对带有压电陶瓷作动器和传感器的平面智能柔性梁进行了有限元动力学建模。采用Euler-Bernoulli梁模型,在考虑平面梁压电效应的基础上,考虑了大变形和非线性变形,进行了有限元离散;基于Lagrange方程建立了带压电元件的智能柔性悬臂梁的电-结构耦合动力学有限元精确模型,并将本文模型和一般不考虑压电元件质量和电势能模型的仿真结果进行了对比,结果表明:两种模型得到的一阶固有频率最大相差31.8%,响应振幅也有较大的差异。因此,在工程动力学建模中,不能忽略压电元件的质量和电势能。本文所建立的电-结构耦合动力学模型能更加精确地反映实际应用中智能柔性悬臂梁的动力学特性。  相似文献   

4.
随着计算机技术的发展和研究项目最新成果的取得, 把岩体真三维建模仿真技术引入到岩石力学教学改革与实践中, 挖掘教学资源潜力; 开展岩体结构、岩石变形与破坏过程的数值试验, 再现许多物理实验所不能观察到的力学现象, 例如岩体的空间真三维结构、岩石破坏过程块体滑落等, 从而使学生对岩石的变形与破坏过程有更加清晰的认识, 提高岩石力学实验的教学质量.  相似文献   

5.
越来越多的研究表明,星形胶质细胞作为神经系统中不可缺少的重要组成部分,和神经元之间有着密切的信息交流,对维持正常生命活动起着至关重要的作用.本文主要对目前星形胶质细胞动力学建模分析的相关研究进行综述.第1和第2部分阐述了星形胶质细胞的生理意义及在相关疾病中的作用;第3部分总结了星形胶质细胞的相关模型及动力学研究;第4部分总结了星形胶质细胞与神经元共建网络的相关模型及星形胶质细胞发挥作用的动力学研究;最后,第5部分对可进一步开展的工作进行了展望,指出对星形胶质细胞进行理论研究的下一步可能方向.  相似文献   

6.
设计了一种符合人体起立运动的辅助起立机器人,通过牛顿欧拉方程对人体起立过程动力学进行分析与建模,推导机器人辅助起立、上肢辅助起立和肌力不足下肢辅助起立3种情况下,人体力与力矩平衡方程,依据方程在Simulink中建立仿真模型,并使用传感器系统对起立机器人辅助人体起立过程中力与力矩进行测量分析.结果表明:不论采取何种辅助起立方法,辅助起立机器人都可有效辅助起立,特别是对起立初始阶段辅助效果尤为明显.上肢辅助起立时,既可保持身体平衡与稳定,又可补偿起立时所需力与力矩,在接近完全站立时这种效果尤为明显,仿真模型可预测站立过程的关节力与力矩.肌力不足下肢参与辅助起立时,所提供辅助力有限但也起到一定作用.   相似文献   

7.
考虑轴承故障动力学中的高频共振以及故障激励特点,提出一种模拟系统高频共振和过渡式故障激励的轴承故障动力学建模方法。基于赫兹接触理论,将轴承部件之间的连接简化为弹簧-阻尼结构,并加入谐振器以模拟故障的宽频激励所引起的系统高频共振,从而建立轴承六自由度动力学模型。另外,传统的故障瞬变激励方法难以反映滚动体经过滚道故障的过程,考虑到滚动体与故障接触的实际情况,给出一种过渡式的故障激励方法。以传动链平台上的6304深沟球轴承为例,对轴承外圈故障下的振动响应特性进行仿真和数据处理,其仿真结果与轴承故障实测信号对比相符,仿真信号故障一阶特征阶次与理论值误差约为0.016 7%,表明模型具有一定的准确性和可靠性。  相似文献   

8.
孙加亮  田强  胡海岩 《力学学报》2019,51(6):1565-1586
多柔体系统是由柔性部件和运动副组成的力学系统,在航空、航天、车辆、机械与兵器等众多工程领域具有广泛的应用前景, 其典型的代表包括柔性机械臂、直升机旋翼、卫星的可展开天线、太阳帆航天器等. 近年来,随着工程技术的发展,多柔体系统动力学问题日益突出,尤其是含变长度柔性部件的多柔体系统,不仅涉及其动力学 建模与计算,还涉及其动力学优化设计. 事实上,部件柔性对多柔体系统的动力学行为影响很大,直接影响到优化结果,因此需要发展基于多柔体系统动力学的优化设计方法. 本文首先阐述了多柔体系统动力学优化的研究背景及意义,简要回顾了多柔体系统动力学建模的3类方法:浮动坐标方法、几何 精确方法和绝对节点坐标方法,并介绍了含变长度柔性部件的多柔体系统动力学建模方法. 系统概述了多柔体系统动力学响应优化、动力学特性优化和动力学灵敏度分析3个方面的研究进展,并从尺寸优化、形状优化和 拓扑优化 3 个方面综述了多柔体系统部件优化的研究进展. 本文最后提出了在多柔体系统动力学优化研究中值得关注的若干问题.   相似文献   

9.
多关节人体上肢运动的优化轨迹预测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
孙鹏伟  王士敏  王琪  房杰 《力学学报》2010,42(3):506-511
研究了手端无约束条件下,多关节人体上肢点到点运动优化轨迹的预测. 首先建立了多关节上肢平面运动的动力学模型,根据最小功准则提出优化目标函数,将上肢点到点运动的优化轨迹求解问题转化为两点边值问题,设计了寻优的迭代算法,求得了上肢运动的优化轨迹与相应的速度变化曲线. 仿真结果表明: 平衡点位置或关节力矩平滑地变化,避免了肢体出现急加速-急减速的运动形式,减少了肢体运动时的能量消耗;手端的运动轨迹为近似直线,速度为单峰的钟形曲线,这与上肢优化运动的特征相吻合,也表明最小功准则可以有效预测多关节上肢运动的优化轨迹.   相似文献   

10.
孙加亮  田强  胡海岩 《力学学报》2019,51(6):1565-1586
多柔体系统是由柔性部件和运动副组成的力学系统,在航空、航天、车辆、机械与兵器等众多工程领域具有广泛的应用前景, 其典型的代表包括柔性机械臂、直升机旋翼、卫星的可展开天线、太阳帆航天器等. 近年来,随着工程技术的发展,多柔体系统动力学问题日益突出,尤其是含变长度柔性部件的多柔体系统,不仅涉及其动力学 建模与计算,还涉及其动力学优化设计. 事实上,部件柔性对多柔体系统的动力学行为影响很大,直接影响到优化结果,因此需要发展基于多柔体系统动力学的优化设计方法. 本文首先阐述了多柔体系统动力学优化的研究背景及意义,简要回顾了多柔体系统动力学建模的3类方法:浮动坐标方法、几何 精确方法和绝对节点坐标方法,并介绍了含变长度柔性部件的多柔体系统动力学建模方法. 系统概述了多柔体系统动力学响应优化、动力学特性优化和动力学灵敏度分析3个方面的研究进展,并从尺寸优化、形状优化和 拓扑优化 3 个方面综述了多柔体系统部件优化的研究进展. 本文最后提出了在多柔体系统动力学优化研究中值得关注的若干问题.  相似文献   

11.
In the paper several stochastic methods for detection and identification of cracks in the shafts of rotating machines are proposed. All these methods are based on the Monte Carlo simulations of the rotor-shaft lateral-torsional-longitudinal vibrations mutually coupled by transverse cracks of randomly selected depths and locations on the shaft. For this purpose there is applied a structural hybrid model of a real cracked rotor-shaft. This model is characterized by a high practical reliability and great computational efficiency, so important for hundreds of thousands numerical simulations necessary to build databases used in solving the inverse problem, i.e. crack parameter identifications. In order to ensure a good identification accuracy, for creating the Monte Carlo samples of data points there are proposed special probability density functions for locations and depths of the crack. Such an approach helps in enhancing databases corresponding to the most probable faults of the rotor-shaft system of the considered rotor machine. In the presented study six different database sizes are considered to compare identification efficiency and accuracy of considered methods. A sufficiently large database enables us to estimate almost immediately (usually in less than one second) the crack parameters with precision that is in most of the cases acceptable in practice. Then, as a next stage, one of the proposed fast improvement algorithms can be applied to refine identification results in a reasonable time. The proposed methods seem to provide very convenient diagnostic tools for industrial applications.  相似文献   

12.
水下模拟失重动力学研究综述   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
水下模拟失重方法是国外20世纪60年代发展起来的地面模拟失重的有效方法,在载人航天中发挥了举足轻重.不可替代的作用;水下模拟失重动力学是水下模拟失重方法的理论基础.简要概述了水下模拟失重方法的产生背景、原理、发展和优缺点;综述了水下模拟失重动力学的国内外研究现状,展望了水下模拟失重动力学今后的发展趋势.  相似文献   

13.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The dynamic modeling and simulation of an N-flexible-link and N-flexible joint robot is reported. Each flexible joint is modeled as a linearly elastic torsional spring and the approach of assumed modes is adopted to describe the deformation of the flexible-link. The complete governing equations of motion of the flexible-link-joint robots are derived via Kane's method. An illustrative example is given to validate the algorithm presented and to show the effects of flexibility on the dynamics of robots.  相似文献   

14.
    
The dynamics for multi-link spatial flexible manipulator arms consisting of n links and n rotary joints is investigated. Kinematics of both rotary-joint motion and link deformation is described by 4 - 4 homogenous transformation matrices, and the Lagrangian equations are used to derive the governing equations of motion of the system. In the modeling the recursive strategy for kinematics is adopted to improve the computational efficiency. Both the bending and torsional flexibility of the link are taken into account. Based on the present method a general-purpose software package for dynamic simulation is developed. Dynamic simulation of a spatial flexible manipulator arm is given as an example to validate the algorithm.  相似文献   

15.
通过构建真实人体上呼吸道三维规范模型,运用大涡模拟数值方法,对考虑流固耦合作用的低强度循环呼吸模式下人体上呼吸道内的呼吸流进行了数值仿真,研究分析了人体口喉模型及气管支气管内的气流涡结构及其演化过程。结果表明,循环吸气过程中,气流在口腔中部以及舌苔上部形成多个涡管,在声门部位形成强烈的射流,在气管前壁出现马蹄涡,到气管中部大尺度涡结构逐步消失,支气管中只剩下一系列小尺度涡结构;循环呼气过程中,气流在气管底部产生较为复杂的涡结构,随着气流在气管内的融合,涡强度逐步减弱,在咽喉后壁形成拱状涡,气流进入口腔后,涡结构破裂,涡量扩散,没有较大的涡结构产生。  相似文献   

16.
    
The modeling of the time dependent, dynamic behavior of the human musculoskeletal system results in a large scale mechanical multibody system. This consists of submodels for the skeleton, wobbling masses, muscles and tendons as redundant actuators. Optimization models are required for the simulation of the muscle groups involved in a motion. In contrast to the inverse dynamics simulation the forward dynamics simulation enables to consider very general problem statements in principle. The paper presents a new approach to the forward dynamics simulation and optimization of human body dynamics which overcomes the enormous computational cost of current approaches for solving the resulting optimal control problems. The presented approach is based on a suitable modeling of the dynamics of the musculoskeletal system in combination with a tailored direct collocation method for optimal control. First numerical results for a human kick demonstrate an improvement in computational time of two orders of magnitude when compared to standard methods.  相似文献   

17.
耗散粒子动力学模拟方法的发展和应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
李红霞  强洪夫 《力学进展》2009,39(2):165-175
耗散粒子动力学(dissipative particle dynamics,DPD)模拟方法是一门新兴的介观尺度数值模拟技术,是研究复杂物系介观结构的一种重要手段,也是联系宏观尺度和微观尺度的重要模拟方法之一.首先介绍DPD模拟方法的提出和它的发展过程;接着从DPD的理论模型、数值积分方法、参数的选择以及模拟系统与真实系统之间的映射关系4个方面介绍DPD的方法体系;然后介绍DPD模拟方法在复杂流体中的应用情况,具体包括多相流的聚集、微相分离和液滴的变形、破碎以及微通道内的流动等;最后, 对此领域的发展方向进行了预测分析.   相似文献   

18.
19.
This paper presents stability and convergence results on a novel approach for imposing holonomic constraints for a class of multibody system dynamics. As opposed to some recent techniques that employ a penalty functional to approximate the Lagrange multipliers, the method herein defines a penalized dynamical system using penalty-augmented kinetic and potential energies, as well as a penalty dependent constraint violation dissipation function. In as much as the governing equations are not typically cocreive, the usual convergence criteria for linear variational boundary value problems are not directly applicable. Still numerical simulations by various researchers suggest that the method is convergent and stable. Despite the fact that the governing equations are nonlinear, the theoretical convergence of the formulation is guaranteed if the multibody system is natural and conservative. Likewise, stability and asymptotic stability results for the penalty formulation are derived from well-known stability results available from classical mechanics. Unfortunately, the convergence theorem is not directly applicable to dissipative multibody systems, such as those encountered in control applications. However, it is shown that the approximate solutions of a typical dissipative system converge to a nearby collection of trajectories that can be characterized precisely using a Lyapunov/Invariance Principle analysis. In short, the approach has many advantages as an alternative to other computational techniques:
(1)  Explicit constraint violation bounds can be derived for a large class of nonlinear multibody dynamics problems
(2)  Sufficient conditions for the Lyapunov stability, and asymptotic stability, of the penalty formulation are derived for a large class of multibody systems
(3)  The method can be shown to be relatively insensitive to singular configurations by selecting the penalty parameters to dissipate constraint violation energy
(4)  The Invariance Principle can be employed in the method, in certain cases, to derive the asymptotic behavior of the constraint violation for dissipative multibody systems by identifying constraint violation limit cycles
Just as importantly, these results for nonlinear systems can be sharpened considerably for linear systems:
(5)  Explicit spectral error estimates can be obtained for substructure synthesis
(6)  The penalty equations can be shown to be optimal in the sense that the terms represent feedback that minimizes a measure of the constraint violation
  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号