Einsatz der flammenlosen Atom-Absorption (Graphitrohrküvette) zur Bestimmung von Kupferspuren in Stahl und anderen Metall-Legierungen nach Extraktion

The determination of small and smallest amounts of copper in steel and other metal alloys by atomic absorption spectroscopy was investigated. It has been found, that the interferences caused by accompanying elements in the determination in aqueous solution with the flame can be completely removed by extracting the copper with Pb-DDTC in chloroform and determining this extract with the heated graphite atomizer. Moreover, it was recognised, that working with the heated graphite atomizer in organic solutions shows great advantages compared with the flame, because any solvent may be used. The methods of continuous variation by Job and the molar ratio by Yoe and Jones for the determination of the complex stoichiometry were transferred to the system Cu-DDTC by working with the heated graphite atomizer.     

Determination of selenium in water by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Summary The electrothermal atomization of selenium has been investigated for the accurate determination of selenium in water samples. Hydrogen seriously affects the atomization temperature of selenium in a molybdenum micro-tube atomizer. The atomization of selenium also suffers from serious interferences caused by salts and other elements. The extraction of selenium diethyldithiocarbamate complex serves to eliminate the interferences from the matrix. The addition of copper allows the suppression of interferences from elements extracted with selenium. The method permits the determination of selenium(IV) and selenium(VI) separately.This research was in part funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan, under Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, for which we express our appreciation.     

Determination of the Total Trace Elements in Natural Waters by the Sorption–Atomic Absorption Method with the Fractional Evaporation of Concentrates in a Crucible Atomizer

A sorption–atomic absorption method was developed for the determination of the total elements in natural waters; the method includes the simultaneous preconcentration of dissolved and suspended forms directly in a multifunctional crucible atomizer filled with the diethylenetriaminetetraacetate sorbent. Elements were determined in the resulting complex concentrate using the fractional evaporation of the solid matrix and the condensation of analytes in the working volume of a crucible atomizer. The evaporation and atomization of the secondary condensate were performed independently. It was demonstrated that the proposed approach decreases the effect of the matrix composition and improves the performance characteristics of the determination of elements in waters.     

The Determination of Trace Transition Elements in Biological Tissues Using Flameless Atom Reservoir Atomic Absorption

Abstract

The development of an analytical technique generally applicable to the determination of Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn in all biological tissues is described. All of these elements may readily be determined in tissue samples of less than 0.5 g using flameless atom reservoir atomic absorption with a Perkin-Elmer heated graphite atomizer. Some of the operational characteristics of this atomizer system are discussed. The utility of the method is illustrated by analyses of selected marine biota and of NBS standard orchard leaves.     

Atomic absorption determination of elements in natural samples using a vaporization crucible with two condensation zones

It is shown that elements can be determined in natural samples and concentrates using a vaporization crucible with two condensation zones. After vaporization in the crucible, element vapors first enter the heated condensation zone, in which some elements are condensed and the residual amounts of organometallic substances decompose, and then they enter the ??cold?? condensation zone. To analyze the condensates after the fractional evaporation of the sample, an atomizer was proposed with two vaporization zones and a common analytical zone. The performance characteristics of metal determination in suspensions of organic and mineral components, concentrates, natural waters, and bottom sediments were improved.     

Slurry sampling techniques for the determination of lead in Bangladeshi fish samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with a metal tube atomizer

Ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with a metal tube atomizer has been applied to the determination of lead in Bangladeshi fish samples. The slurry sampling conditions, such as slurry stabilizing agent, slurry concentration, pyrolysis temperature for the slurried fish samples, particle size and ultrasonic agitation time, were optimized for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with the Mo tube atomizer. Thiourea was used as the chemical modifier for the interference of matrix elements. The detection limit was 53 fg (3S/N). The determined amount of lead in Bangladeshi fish samples was consistent with those measured in the dissolved acid-digested samples. The advantages of the proposed methods are easy calibration, simplicity, low cost and rapid analysis.     

Direct and rapid determination of elements in the ambient air and in human exhalation using the electrostatic precipitation of aerosols in the graphite atomizer of a zeeman spectrometer

The use of a new Zeeman spectrometer with the electrostatic precipitation of aerosols in the graphite furnace of the atomizer for the direct and rapid determination of aerosols in the ambient air and in the air exhaled by human beings is presented. The results are given for the comparative determination of elements in laboratory air by electrostatic precipitation and with the filter accumulation of aerosols. A correlation is found between the concentration of Se in the exhaled air and its concentration in the examinee’s blood.     

Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Platinum Tube Atomizer in Air

Abstract

An electrothermal atomization method of atomic absorption spectrometry using a platinum tube atomizer in air is described. The atomizer consists of 0.025 mm-walled platinum tube and two supports. The remarkable merit of the platinum atomizer is the stability in air, when heated. This paper describes the improved performance for volatile elements like alkalimetals. Detection limits and characteristic mass are calculated for 7 elements and compared with literature values. The platinum atomizer can be used with a simple, effective and relatively low-cost atomic absorption spectrometer for routine in situ analysis.     

Electrothermal atomization from metallic surfaces: Part 1. Design and Performance of a tungsten-tube atomizert

A tungsten-tube atomizer has been developed and tested for a number of elements. The atomizer can be accommodated in the support of a commercial Varian carbon rod atomizer (CRA-63 or CRA-90) and operated as an alternative to the graphite tubes and cups. Characteristic concentrations, detection limits, optimum atomization temperatures, reproducibility and profiles of calibration curves obtained for Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and V are similar to those obtained with the graphite-tube atomizer. The main advantage of this atomizer is its simple construction, low cost, long lifetime and excellent analytical performance, particularly for elements forming refractory carbides.