含液体松质骨的压缩实验分析

在本文中,假设不含液体松质骨为红弹性体,以及松质骨固液两相结构特性,建立了含液体松质骨的单向压缩本构方程,其形式与三参量线粘弹性体的本构方程相同。并通过拟合实验结果,得到本构方程中有关参数的值。     

玻璃态高聚物PMMA的非线性粘弹-塑性本构方程

对航空有机玻璃(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA)实验测定了不同应变率下单轴压缩加卸载循环的应力-应变曲线,讨论了应力促进热激活塑性变形的活化粘壶理论,提出由标准线性体或Maxwell体与考虑应变硬化效应的活化粘壶作串联耦合的粘弹-塑性本构模型,给出了完备的微分和积分形式的本构方程组,用于拟合实测加卸载循环的应力-应变曲线,获得良好吻合的结果。对应变软化效应提出一种新的起因于粘弹变形滞后效应的理论说明,并对屈服后加载应力-应变曲线的走向特征作了理论解释。     

脆性固体损伤和局部软化的有限元分析

本文研究混凝土、岩石一类工程中常用的应变软化材料的有限元分析方法。在作者以往有关粘塑性损伤本构模型的工作基础上，给出了一组便于有限元计算的本构方程表达式。包括损伤弹性矩阵和局部损伤软化矩阵，分别运用于计算硬化和软化阶段的有限元刚度矩阵；对所提出的本构方程的实验验证计算和一些算例的有限元数值分析，表明文中给出的本构方程是可行的，相应的有限元算法能较好地对损伤固体的局部软化效应进行数值分析，并可成功地追踪应力应变响应的软化曲线     

粘塑性薄壁管中复合应力波的传播特性研究

以本构关系一般理论为基础,导出了计及材料功硬化效应和应变率硬化效应的粘塑性薄壁管的本构关系及管中复合应力波的控制方程,应用有限差分方法研究了在压扭复合冲击载荷作用下粘塑性薄壁管中复合应力波的传播特性与演化规律,分析了复合应力波的耦合效应以及薄壁管中粘塑性参数和功硬化效应对复合应力波传播与演化规律的影响,并对有关现象进行了分析和解释。     

对Schapery本构方程改进的几点尝试

Schapery本构关系能够很好地描述材料的粘弹性变形,但其中存在着下面几个问题:(1)当材料的蠕变变形含有粘塑性变形时,直接引用Schapery本构方程是不准确的;(2)材料的蠕变一般有损伤产生,Scbapery本构方程不能体现损伤特征;(3)理论上讲,无论载荷的突变量多大,粘弹性变形总有一个时间过程,这一点与Schapery本构方程不一致;(4)Schapery本构方程的参数确定是由曲线来拟合,这种方法有很大的主观性,本文介绍了Schapery本构方程的推导过程,针对上述问题提出了一些修改意见。     

立式瓦楞复合纸板的平面压缩本构模型

研究了立式瓦楞复合纸板静态和动态缓冲性能,提出其静态和动态本构模型。对A楞立式瓦楞复合纸板试样进行了静态压缩和动态冲击试验,得到其应力-应变曲线;提出立式瓦楞复合纸板静态本构方程,并利用静态压缩试验数据对静态本构方程进行了参数识别;研究应变率对本构方程的影响,进而提出动态本构方程,并通过动态冲击试验对动态本构方程进行了验证。结果表明:静态压缩和动态冲击试验中,立式瓦楞复合纸板的压缩过程均包括弹性阶段、屈服阶段、平台阶段、密实化阶段;静态本构模型的拟合误差为4.79%,动态本构模型的拟合误差为2.65%,都能较好地表示立式瓦楞复合纸板在压缩过程中的应力-应变情况。所提出的立式瓦楞复合纸板静态和动态本构模型为该新型材料的性能评价提供了理论支持,对其在缓冲包装中的推广应用具有重要参考价值。     

基于Weibull分布的盐岩分数阶蠕变本构模型研究

采用流变程控仪对湖北江汉油田盐岩试样进行了三轴蠕变实验。基于Weibull随机分布获得岩石损伤变量随加载时间的变化形式,构建了变黏性系数Abel粘壶本构关系。基于分数阶微分理论,采用将变黏性系数Abel粘壶替代西原正夫模型中Newton粘壶的方法,建立了盐岩蠕变损伤本构模型,并采用最小二乘法拟合获得了该本构模型中的参数。通过拟合曲线对比发现,本文提出的盐岩分数阶蠕变本构模型在描述盐岩的蠕变全过程,尤其是加速蠕变过程中具有较明显的优势,并且验证了西元正夫模型为本文所提出的本构模型的一个特例。     

关于无屈服面粘塑性理论

本文对Bodner-Partom幂函数型粘塑性本构方程进行了某些分析讨论,揭示了该本构模型的某些内涵,特别是对模型所涉及的几个材料常数对应力应变关系的影响以及该模型的加卸载性质和历史效应作了具体的剖析。最后与Perzyna超应力本构模型进行了比较。     

非比例循环塑性和循环粘塑性本构描述的某些新进展

金属材料循环塑性本构方程和循环粘塑性本构方程是固体力学中近１０多年来一个十分重要的领域。本文评述了金属材料非比例循环塑性界限面本构理论、内时理论和循环粘塑性本构理论及其某些进展，对某些模型中非比例度定义，材料在复杂应变幅值历史、非比例循环加载历史以及其它历史下的强化规则和流动规则进行了分析与评价，在此基础上对循环本构理论的发展趋势提出自己的看法。     

SnPb钎料合金的粘塑性Anand本构方程

采用统一型粘塑性本构 Anand方程描述了电子封装焊点 Sn Pb钎料合金的非弹性变形行为 ,基于 Sn Pb 合金的弹塑性蠕变本构方程和实验数据 ,确定了6 2 Sn36 Pb2 Ag、6 0 Sn40 Pb、96 .5 Sn3.5 Ag和 97.5 Pb2 .5 Sn四种钎料合金 Anand方程的材料参数 ,验证了粘塑性 Anand本构方程对 Sn Pb合金在恒应变速率和稳态塑性流动条件下应力应变行为的预测能力。结果表明 ,Anand方程能有效描述 Sn Pb钎料的粘塑性本构行为 ,并可应用于电子封装 Sn Pb焊点的可靠性模拟和失效分析     

Consistency tests for start-up and cessation deformations of viscoelastic fluids

The time-dependent shear stress and first normal stress difference were measured for a polystyrene solution for start-up and cessation-flow experiments over a relatively wide range of shear rate. Consistency tests for the K-BKZ model were applied to the data, and it was concluded that the K-BKZ equation generally does not satisfactorily describe the start-up and cessation data. Modified consistency tests were developed using a strain-coupling constitutive equation, and the evidence suggests that most of the differences between the predictions of the K-BKZ theory and experiment can be explained by including a strain-coupling effect in the rheological constitutive equation.     

Numerical simulation of Taylor impact tests

The present paper discusses some aspects in the numerical simulation of Taylor impact tests. A phenomenological internal variable theory is presented and restricted by the second law of thermodynamics. The constitutive model consists of a thermo-hyperelastic equation for the stresses and an evolution equation for the plastic internal variable. Specific thermo-plastic constitutive functions are proposed and corresponding material parameters are identified. Taylor impact tests are numerically simulated using the explicit finite element program LS-DYNA augmented by an user-defined material subroutine and the effect of variation of selected model parameters is discussed. Numerical results allow new interpretations of experimental observations and test data and gives advice on identification of material parameters in rate-dependent inelastic constitutive models.     

A constitutive equation for the Mullins effect in stress controlled uniaxial extension experiments

A one-dimensional constitutive equation for the Mullins effect in rubberlike materials, which is motivated by the two phase microstructural material model proposed by Mullins and Tobin [I], is developed in [2]. The constitutive equation is used in [2] to predict the effect of stress softening on the small transverse vibration of a rubber string loaded in uniaxial extension. The two functions which comprise the constitutive equation were assumed to be monotone, but no further analysis of the actual nature of these functions was necessary.In this paper, we examine more closely how the results of a stress controlled uniaxial extension experiment can be used to gain insight into the specific nature of the microstructural strain and the strain amplification functions which comprise the constitutive equation. We examine experimental representations of the two functions which are independent of any special microstructural interpretations. Stress controlled uniaxial extension experiments with buna-n, neoprene, and silicone rubber cords are examined. We demonstrate how the experimental data can be applied to yield representations of the functions of interest to within a multiplicative constant; but no attempt is made to find specific analytical representations of these functions. For buna-n and neoprene samples, we observe behavior consistent with our monotone assumptions, while anomalous behavior is observed with silicone rubber.     

A differential constitutive equation for polymer melts

A modification of the Giesekus constitutive equation is derived by incorporating (approximately, via the Peterlin approximation) the finite extensibility of polymer molecules into dumbbell kinetic theory along with the anisotropic hydrodynamic drag suggested by Giesekus. The constitutive equation that is obtained retains much of the simplicity of Giesekus' constitutive equation, but it involves terms that are cubic in the stress as well as those that are quadratic. It is shown that the constitutive equation quantitatively describes the steady elongational viscosity of the IUPAC polymer melt A (including the strain softening of the melt), but it cannot describe the elongational and shear viscosities simultaneously. It is also shown that the constitutive equation satisfies the Lodge-Meissner relation for shear strains less than unity.     

粘弹性固体的精细积分有限元算法

粘弹性固体本构方程的数学表达式分为微分型和积分型两种，其数值求解主要是时域上离散计算。文中从微分型表达式出发导出其状态空间方程的数学表达式，通过严格推导论证了它与微、积分型表达式的等价性；引入状态空间方程，从而利用精细积分格式来求解粘弹性固体本构方程；给出了粘弹性固体本构方程的精细积分有限元算法，为求解粘弹性固体本构方程的数值解提供了一个新的途径，具有计算简便，求解精度高等优点。     

率相关本构方程积分新算法

提出一种积分率相关本构方程的隐式积分新算法,引入0～1范围内的缩放因子λ对本构方程进行间接求解,可以避免直接求解等效塑性应变或等效塑性应变率时,由于其数值过大或过小而造成的收敛困难或收敛失败,实现对率相关本构方程的快速准确求解.以B-P统一本构方程及双曲正弦本构方程为例,验证了算法的可行性.结果表明,新算法对于准静态变形条件下的无硬化本构方程也可以得出准确的解.     

Anisotropic Mullins stress softening of a deformed silicone holey plate

Rubber like materials parts are designed using finite element code in which more and more precise and robust constitutive equations are implemented. In general, constitutive equations developed in literature to represent the anisotropy induced by the Mullins effect present analytical forms that are not adapted to finite element implementation. The present paper deals with the development of a constitutive equation that represents the anisotropy of the Mullins effect using only strain invariants. The efficiency of the modeling is first compared to classical homogeneous experimental tests on a filled silicone rubber. Second, the model is tested on a complex structure. In this aim, a silicone holey plate is molded and tested in tension, its local strain fields are evaluated by means of digital image correlation. The experimental results are compared to the simulations from the constitutive equation implemented in a finite element code. Global measurements (i.e. force and displacement) and local strain fields are successfully compared to experimental measurements to validate the model.     

粘弹性桩的混沌运动分析

研究了在轴向载荷和周期性横向载荷共同作用下非线性粘弹性嵌岩桩的混沌运动情况。假定桩和土体分别满足Leaderman非线性粘弹性和线性粘弹性本构关系，得到的运动方程为非线性偏微分．积分方程；利用Galerkin方法将方程简化为非线性常微分一积分方程，同时利用非线性动力系统中的数值方法，进行了数值计算，得到了不同载荷参数、几何参数、材料参数时粘弹性桩发生周期运动、多周期运动及混沌运动的时程曲线、相图、功率谱、Poincare截面图，同时得到了挠度-载荷、挠度-几何参数、挠度-材料参数等分叉图，考察了各种参数的影响。数值结果表明非线性粘弹性桩在一定的条件下可以通过倍周期分叉的方式进入混沌运动状态，且桩的载荷参数、几何参数、材料参数对其运动状态有较大的影响。     

裂尖大应变细观断裂研究

本文用反映空穴形核成长的Gurson本构方程来描述裂尖区域材料在大应变情形下的力学特性，并进一步考虑了空穴演变对材料杨氏模量的影响。文中用上述本构方程分别结合弹塑性大应变有限元方法对平面应变I型裂纹问题作了计算，分析了裂尖应力分布、裂尖形状变化和裂尖空穴演变过程，并与用Prandtl-Reuss本构方程教育处的结果作了比较。     

On constitutive equations for branching of response with selectivity

Materials, such as elastic-plastic, which exhibit distinct regimes of response are usually modeled by different constitutive equations in each regime. The present paper explores a method for the construction of a unified constitutive equation from these separate relations. The main idea is to write this unified equation in an implicit form which contains these separate solutions as non-unique solutions. The form is chosen in order to utilize the notions of branch points and branches. Different solutions, corresponding to constitutive equations for different regimes of response, are then regarded as bifurcations at branch points from the fundamental response. The choice of the appropriate branch at a branch point is governed by a selectivity condition which depends on the nature of the response under consideration. A detailed example is provided for elastic-plastic response, with and without the effect of strain rate dependence.