[EPy][BF4]和[EPy][PF6]离子对的气相及液相阴阳离子相互作用研究

采用从头算HF/6-31G和密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)方法, 对乙基吡啶四氟硼酸盐([EPy][BF4])和乙基吡啶六氟磷酸盐([EPy][PF6])的离子对进行了结构优化和频率分析, 并利用自洽反应场(SCRF)的导体极化连续模型(CPCM)考察了离子对液态下的结构及相互作用, 得到了两种离子对的红外光谱及气相、液相下最稳定结构. 由两种离子对的几何参数可知, 阴阳离子通过氢键相互作用, 两种离子液体的红外光谱特征值与实验值比较吻合. 应用自然键轨道(NBO)理论分析了吡啶阳离子及离子对中的原子电荷分布和电荷转移情况, 结果表明两种离子对中阴阳离子间存在静电相互作用和氢键作用. 通过几何参数、相互作用能及NBO分析研究发现, 液相下由于周围电荷的中和作用, 离子对中阴阳离子的相互作用明显降低.     

气态二聚体[C1~6mim]2[BF4]2纳米微观结构的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)的水平上采用密度泛函理论研究了[C_nmim]+(n=1~6)与[BF_4]~ˉ形成二聚体[C_nmim]_2[BF_4]_2(n=1~6)的微观纳米结构。通过理论计算二聚体的相互作用能量发现,阴阳离子之间存在较强的氢键作用,且随着咪唑鎓烷基链的增加相互作用能也随之增加,另外,烷基侧链的长度会影响氢键强度。当咪唑鎓烷基侧链中C的个数大于4时,烷基尾部能够发生聚合,从而形成类胶束纳米结构。通过对自然布居分析、自然键轨道以及弱相互作用的分析和计算,同样证明了二聚体中存在较强的氢键作用,烷基侧链中碳的个数影响了离子液体的微观结构。     

碳纳米管与咪唑类离子液体相互作用机制的理论研究

离子液体(IL)与碳纳米管(CNT)形成的复合体系在许多重要领域有潜在的应用价值,然而人们对于其微观结构的理解尚不清晰,对IL与CNT相互作用机理的认识还存有争议.本文以(8,0)CNT与1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟化磷IL为例研究了CNT与IL的相互作用,分别探讨了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑阳离子([BMIM+])、六氟化...     

醚基功能化离子液体[MOEMIm]Cl和[EOEMIm]Cl热力学性质

通过核磁共振氢谱,核磁共振碳谱,元素分析和热重分析对醚基功能化的离子液体[MOEMIm]Cl和[EOEMIm]Cl进行了表征。在温度范围T=288.15–328.15 K内,测定了离子液体[MOEMIm]Cl和[EOEMIm]Cl的密度(ρ)、表面张力(γ)和折光率(nD)。根据这些实验数据,讨论并计算了离子液体[MOEMIm]Cl和[EOEMIm]Cl的体积性质。计算出离子液体[MOEMIm]Cl和[EOEMIm]Cl的摩尔表面吉布斯自由能(gs)、摩尔表面熵(s)、摩尔表面焓(h)、摩尔极化度(Rm)和摩尔极化率(αp),h均近似为一个常数说明这两种离子液体从内部到表面的过程是一个等库仑过程,同时这两种离子液体的Rm和αp均与温度无关。本文还用摩尔表面Gibbs自由能改进Lorentz-Lorenz方程并预测离子液体表面张力,预测值与实验值高度相关。     

分子内结构环境对解离能的影响

为了理解化学键的这一结构效应, 本文对具有相同化学键而分子内结构环境不同的系列分子进行了计算研究, 讨论了化学键结构环境对解离能的影响.     

半胱氨酸阴离子与咪唑阳离子间相互作用的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311＋G(d,p)水平上对1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑阳离子和半胱氨酸阴离子形成的气态阴阳离子对([Emim][Cys])进行理论研究. 通过几何结构优化以及频率分析得到势能面上7个稳定的离子对构型. 计算结果表明[Emim]＋和[Cys]－之间存在较强的氢键相互作用, 其稳定化能主要来源于[Cys]－中羰基O的孤对电子lp(O) 和[Emim]＋中C—H反键轨道 s*(C—H) 之间的相互作用, lp(O)®s*(C—H). [Emim][Cys]_S1是最稳定的离子对构型, 考虑BSSE的相互作用能为－387.66 kJ/mol. 从NPA和NBO分析以及AIM (Atoms in Molecules)计算等方面阐述了半胱氨酸阴离子与咪唑阳离子之间氢键相互作用的本质, 并初步探讨了阴阳离子对相互作用对氨基酸离子液体性质的影响.     

Theoretical Studies on the M-M Bonding in Complexes [M2Cl4L2] and [M2Cl7L]- （M = Mo, Re; L = Ph2Ppy, （Ph2P）2py）

The structures of complexes [MⅡ2Cl4L2] and [MⅢ2Cl7L]- (M = Mo, Re; L = Ph2Ppy, (Ph2P)2py) were calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) PBE0 method. Based on the optimized geometries, the natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses were carried out to study the nature of Re-Re and Mo-Mo bonds. The conclusions are as follows: the M-M distances in two-Ph2Ppy or (Ph2P)2py complexes [MⅡ2Cl4L2] are shorter than those in mono-Ph2Ppy or (Ph2P)2py complexes [MⅢ2Cl7L]- due to the double bridged N-C-P interactions. For singlet of all complexes, there is ReⅢ-ReⅢ or MoⅡ-MoⅡ quadruply bond in complex [Re2Cl7L]- or [Mo2Cl4L2], while only ReⅡ-ReⅡ or MoⅢ-MoⅢ triply bond in complex [Re2Cl4L2] or [Mo2Cl7L]-. The most stable spin state of 2 and 6, triplet, only contains triple ReⅢ-ReⅢ bond. Because the LPCl → BD*Re-Re delocalizations weaken the Re-Re bond, the distance of ReⅢ-ReⅢ quadruple bonds in [Re2Cl7L]- is slightly longer than that of ReⅡ-ReⅡ triple bonds in [Re2Cl4L2]. Moreover, due to the delocalizations from the lone pair electrons of the remaining P' atom to the M-M antibonding orbitals, the M-M distance in (Ph2P)2py complexes is slightly longer than that in Ph2Ppy complexes.     

脲基杯[4]二(9-冠-3)对钠-卤素离子对的识别作用

采用Oniom方法(B3LYP/LANL2DZ∶PM3)对脲基取代的二(9-冠-3)杯[4]芳烃衍生物(H)与离子对Na+X-(X=F-,Cl-,Br-)的包合作用进行了理论研究.在上述体系中存在2种包合方式:一是阴、阳离子在包合物中是分离的,阴离子与主体分子的上沿主要以N—H…X-氢键作用;二是阴、阳离子在包合物中存在明显的离子配对作用,阴离子主要以阳离子的配对作用存在.通过对包合物Na+X-/H的结构参数、自然键轨道(NBO)以及结合能分析可知,第1种包合方式更有利.研究表明脲基取代的二(9-冠-3)杯[4]芳烃衍生物可成为有效的离子对识别受体,研究结果进一步加深了杯芳烃类受体对离子对识别机理的认识,为实验上设计合成新型离子对受体提供了理论依据.     

金属串配合物[Cr3(dpa)4LL'](dpa=dipyridylamide; L,L'=Cl,BF4, CCPh)的Cr-Cr成键特性

采用密度泛函理论UBP86方法计算了Cr₃(dpa)₄Cl₂ (1)、Cr₃(dpa)₄(BF₄)₂ (2)、Cr₃(dpa)₄Cl(BF₄) (3)、Cr₃(dpa)₄(CCPh)₂ (4)和Cr₃(dpa)₄Cl(CCPh) (5)金属串配合物的结构, 并对配合物的构型、Cr—Cr键的本质以及轴向配体对Cr—Cr键的影响进行了研究. 结果表明: (1) Cr—Cr平均键长较长的配合物趋于形成对称构型, 较短时趋于形成非对称构型. 最稳定的五重态的Cr—Cr平均键长最长, 故优化时趋于形成对称构型; 七重态的Cr—Cr平均键长最短, 趋于形成非对称构型; (2) 五重态的Cr₃⁶⁺金属链均存在三中心三电子σ键, 含弱σ给电子轴向配体BF₄^-的2和3的Cr—Cr短键还具有弱的π相互作用. 七重态下, 对称构型的4中仅有三中心三电子σ键, 而非对称构型的1-3、5的Cr—Cr短键为三重键, 非对称构型仍具有Cr₃⁶⁺链的σ离域作用, 仍具有分子导线的潜在应用; (3) 轴向配体L与Cr的作用主要表现为n_L→4_sCr或n_L→3_dz²Cr离域, 较强的σ给电子配体CCPh^-还存在σ_C—C→4_sCr离域. Cr与L的结合强度为2＜3＜1＜5＜4, CCPh^-与Cr的结合最强, 使Cr—Cr键减弱、Cr—Cr距离增长, 故4的各自旋重态均为对称构型.     

二苯并噻吩及其氧化物与离子液体相互作用的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法比较了DBT/DBTO₂和[BMIM]⁺[PF₆]^-/[BMIM]⁺[BF₄]^-的相互作用。对最稳定的[BMIM]⁺[PF₆]^-、[BMIM]⁺[PF₆]^--DBT、[BMIM]⁺[PF₆]^--DBTO₂、[BMIM]⁺[BF₄]^-、[BMIM]⁺[BF₄]^--DBT、[BMIM]⁺[BF₄]^--DBTO₂进行了NBO和AIM分析。结果表明,DBT和[BMIM]⁺[PF₆]^-/[BMIM]⁺[BF₄]^-中的咪唑环彼此相互平行,NBO和AIM分析表明它们之间发生了π-π相互作用。H1'和H9'形成的F…H氢键有利于π-π堆积作用的形成。DBTO₂倾向于趋近C2-H2和甲基基团形成O…H相互作用;DBTO₂优先吸附在[BMIM]⁺[PF₆]^-/[BMIM]⁺[BF₄]^-。在模拟油中,[BMIM]⁺[PF₆]^-和[BMIM]⁺[BF₄]^-离子液体对DBTO₂的萃取能力大于DBT,其原因是可能是DBTO₂具有较大的极性和O…H与F…H的氢键作用。     

Hydrolysis Mechanism of the NAMI-A-type Antitumor Complex (HL)[trans-RuCl4L(dmso-S)] (L=1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole)

The hydrolysis process of Ru(III) complex (HL)[trans-RuCl₄L(dmso-S)] (L=1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole and dmso-S=S-dimethyl sulfoxide) (1), a potential antitumor complex similar to the well-known antitumor agent (Him)[trans-RuCl₄L(dmso-S)(im)] (NAMI-A, im=imidazole), was investigated using density functional theory combined with the conductor-like polarizable continuum model approach. The structural characteristics and the detailed energy profiles for the hydrolysis processes of this complex were obtained. For the first hydrolysis step, complex 1 has slightly higher barrier energies than the reported anticancer drug NAMI-A, and the result is in accordance with the experimental evidence indicating larger half-life for complex 1. For the second hydrolysis step, the formation of cis-diaqua species is thermodynamic preferred to that of trans isomers. In addition, on the basis of the analysis of electronic characteristics of species in the hydrolysis process, the trend in nucleophilic attack abilities of hydrolysis products by pertinent biomolecules is revealed and predicted.     

Theoretical Investigation on Interaction between Guanine and Luteolin

The interacting patterns of the luteolin and guanine have been investigated by using the density functional theory B3LYP method with 6-31＋G＊ basis set. Eighteen stable structures for the luteolin-guanine complexes have been found respectively. The results indicate that the complexes are mainly stabilized by the hydrogen bonding interactions. Meanwhile, both the number and strength of hydrogen bond play important roles in determining the stability of the complexes which can form two or more hydrogen bonds. Theories of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital have also been utilized to investigate the hydrogen bonds involved in all the systems. The interaction energies of all the complexes which were corrected by basis set superposition error are 6.04-56.94 kJ/mol. The calculation results indicate that there are strong hydrogen bonding interactions in the luteolin-guanine complexes. We compared the interaction between luteolin and four bases of DNA, and found luteolin-thymine was the strongest and luteolin-adenine was the weakest. The interaction between luteolin and DNA bases are all stronger than luteolin-water.     

Study of the [Cr(H2O)5NO]2+ Complex via Density Functional Theory

On the basis of density functional theory, the spin ground state of chromium‐nitrosyl complex [Cr(H₂O)₅NO]²⁺ (S = 1/2) is studied via B3LYP hybrid method. Its vibrational frequencies, atomic charges, and spin densities are analyzed. The excitation energies are evaluated using the CIS method. Our calculated N‐O stretching frequency and excitation energies are in good agreement with the IR and UV‐vis data. The related Cr^I(H₂O)₆⁺, Cr^II(H₂O)₆²⁺, and Cr^III(H₂O)₆³⁺ complexes are employed as the reference compounds to determine the characteristics of the central Cr. Results indicate that the effective Cr oxidation state is close to Cr(I).     

抗癌性钌配合物[HL][trans-RuIIICl4L2](L=2-NH2-5-Me-STz)的水解机理

用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT), 并结合导体极化连续模型(CPCM)研究了具有潜在抗肿瘤活性的“Keppler型”钌配合物trans-[RuIIICl4(2-NH2-5-Me-STz)2](1)的水解反应过程. 首先, 在UB3LYP/(LanL2DZ+6-31G(d))理论水平上对水解反应中各平衡构型在气相条件下的有关结构进行全几何优化及振动频率分析; 然后, 在更高的基组水平LanL2DZ(f)+6-311++G(3df,2dp)上对优化的结构进行单点能计算, 并考虑溶剂效应. 计算得到水解反应过程中相应的结构特征和详细的反应势能面. 对于第一步水解, 液相中配合物1的活化能垒为92.9 kJ·mol-1, 与已经报道的配合物trans-[RuIIICl4(2-NH2-Tz)2](2)的活化能垒(96.3 kJ·mol-1)相接近, 并与实验结果相符. 对于第二步水解, 反应在热力学上优先生成顺式双水解产物, 恰如顺铂的水解反应机理一样, 存在着所谓“顺式效应”, 即生成的顺式水解产物有利于其与生物分子靶标的键合, 因此, 顺式双水解产物在生物反应中有望成为重要的前体药物. 本文研究结果有助于深入理解抗癌性Ru(III)配合物与相关生物靶标的作用机理.     

Au12M (M=Na,Mg, Al,Si, P,S, Cl)团簇的结构、稳定性和电子性质

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法系统地研究了Au12M(M=Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl)团簇的结构、稳定性和电子性质.对团簇的平均结合能、镶嵌能、垂直离化势、最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)和最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)的能级差、电荷布居分析、自然键轨道(NBO)进行了计算和讨论.对于Au12M(M=Na,Mg,Al)团簇,它们形成了内含M原子的最稳定的笼状结构.然而对于Au12M(M=Si,P,S,Cl)团簇,它们却形成了以M元素为顶点的稳定锥形结构.在这些团簇中发现Au12S团簇相对是最稳定的,这是由于Au12S团簇形成了稳定的满壳层的电子结构.自然电荷布居分析表明:对于所有的Au12M(M=Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl)团簇电荷总是从Au原子转向M原子.自然键轨道和HOMO分析表明Au12M团簇中发生了Au原子的s-d轨道和M原子的p轨道间的杂化现象.     

Lindqvist型[M6-nMonO19]p-阴离子（M=W,Nb,Ta）电子性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法探讨了取代Mo原子对[W6-nMonO19]2-,[Nb6-nMonO19]p-和[Ta6-nMonO19]p-体系的M—Ot(M=W,Nb,Ta)键的活化作用.计算结果表明,随着取代Mo原子数的增多,[M6-nMonO19]2-(M=W,Nb,Ta)中M—Ot键的键能逐渐减小,因此Mo原子的引入使M—Ot键活化.在[W6-nMonO19]2-中,Mo—Ot键的键能小于W—Ot键的键能,因此,Mo—Ot键比W—Ot键易断裂,与实验结果一致.而在[Nb6-nMonO19]p-和[Ta6-nMonO19]p-体系中,Mo—Ot键的键能大于M—Ot(M=Nb,Ta)键的键能.Nb和Ta原子的端氧Ot的电荷大于Mo原子的端氧Ot的电荷,初步预测,当[Nb6-nMonO19]p-和[Ta6-nMonO19]p-与有机胺反应时,Nb—Ot和Ta—Ot键优先断裂,易与有机胺的氮原子成键.     

Density-functional investigation of the excited state properties and the Jahn-Teller effect in [CrX6]3− (X=Cl−, Br−)

Summary The luminescence of [CrX₆]^3– X=Br^–, Cl^– has been studied through density functional theory (DFT) using both deMon and ADF codes. Multiplet energies⁴A₂,²E,⁴T₂, and⁴T₁ have been expressed as energies of non-redundant single determinants and calculated as in Ref. [1]. The influence of the metal ligand distance on the multiplet energies has been investigated. Of particular interest to this work is the Jahn-Teller effect distortion. We found that the system moves to a more stable geometry when the axial bond length is compressed and the equatorial one elongated in agreement with the experimental value.     

配合物[Fe(CO)x(Ph2Ppy)y(HgCl2)z](x=3, 4; y=1, 2; z=0, 1, 2)的Fe-Hg相互作用及31P化学位移的理论研究

用密度泛函理论PBE0法计算配合物[Fe(CO)x(Ph2Ppy)y(HgCl2)z](1: x=4, y=1, z=0; 2: x=3, y=2, z=0; 3: x=4, y=1, z=1; 4: x=3, y=2, z=1; 5: x=4, y=1, z=2; 6: x=3, y=2, z=2)的几何构型, 用PBE0-GIAO法计算配合物1~6的31P化学位移. 计算结果表明, 含2个Ph2Ppy的配合物5和6的Fe—Hg相互作用略大于含单个Ph2Ppy的配合物3和4. 含2个HgCl2的配合物4和6存在Fe—Hg σ键, 比含单个HgCl2的配合物3和5的Fe—Hg相互作用强, 配合物3和5的Fe—Hg相互作用以Fe→Hg和Fe←Hg离域为主. 配合物3中Fe的负电荷比5的小, 故配合物5的Fe—Hg相互作用比配合物3的强且Fe→Hg离域比较显著, 而配合物3的Fe←Hg离域更显著. Fe—Hg相互作用增大了双核配合物中P核周围的电子密度, 其31P化学位移比相应的单核配合物小, 且含2个HgCl2的双核配合物的31P化学位移更小. 含单个Ph2Ppy的配合物的31P化学位移小于含2个Ph2Ppy的配合物.     

Experimental evidence and bond characterization of a cyclopropenylgermylene

The reduction of p-anisyl(1,2,3-tri-tert-butylcycloprop-2-en-1-yl)dichlorogermane (1) with potassium in the presence of an excess of tert-butyldimethylsilane in benzene under reflux gave p-anisyl(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)(1,2,3-tri-tert-butylcycloprop-2-en-1-yl)germane (4) in 15% yield. The formation of 4 indicates that p-anisyl(1,2,3-tri-tert-butylcycloprop-2-en-1-yl)germylene (2), which is the first example of a (cycloprop-2-en-1-yl)germylene derivative, was generated and trapped by the hydrosilane. The DFT calculations revealed that the cis-2-p-anisyl-1,3,4-tri-tert-butyl-2-germabicyclo[1.1.0]butane-2,4-diyl structure cis-5 is 8.0 kJ/mol more stable than cis-2. The NBO analysis revealed that cis-5 has a 2-germabicyclo[1.1.0]butane diradical character.