提高普通物理实验综合性和设计性水平的方法

 增加综合性和设计性实验,已日渐成为大家的共识。综合性和设计性实验的主要目的在于更有效地提高学生的动手能力;充分挖掘学生潜力,运用所学知识解决实际问题;使学生的聪明才智得以发挥。在现有教学体制和教学条件下,普通物理实验仍是学生的主要课程,增加新的综合性和设计性实验在实际操作中常常受到条件和课时的限制,非物理专业的物理实验尤其如此。实际上,原有的许多普通物理实验项目中,只要我们认真去归纳总结、合理设计,运用适当的方法,就能在保证项目不变的情况下,提高实验项目的综合性和设计性水平。     

物理设计实验教学中创新思维培养的教学流程设计

1教学流程设计 在实验课教学中,应以设计实验为载体来培养学生良好的创新思维品质．所谓设计实验就是要打破原有的实验方案,在一些特定的要求和条件下设计新的实验方案和步骤,完成实验要求．由于这种设计具有较大的灵活性,需要学生在牢固掌握基础知识和基本方法的前提下具有创新思维,因此通过设计实验可有效地培养学生良好的创新思维品质．     

强化实验探究主体 提升科学探究能力——以阿基米德原理教学设计为例

阿基米德原理是流体静力学的基础,此设计中利用情境设置激发学生探究欲望、引出实验探究.在实验探究过程中突出学生对实验步骤的设计及顺序的前后安排,突出学生对实验数据记录表格的设计,强化实验探究主体,提升科学探究能力.     

流体压强与流速关系的教学设计

结合学生的生活实际和年龄特点,创造性地设计了一个讲授飞机升力的实验方法;并以"流体压强与流速关系的教学设计"为案例,展示了教学设计要注重给学生提供充分的实践体验和合作交流机会,既要关注知识的传授和技能的培养,又要关注学生学习兴趣的培养和创新能力的提高;要注重引导学生学会观察问题、提出问题和解决问题,并从中感受到大自然的美妙和合作交流的快乐.     

课题式设计性物理实验之一例——光脉冲宽度的测量

在大学物理实验教学中,设计性和研究性实验有利于激发学生的学习兴趣和学习主动性,同时开阔学生的眼界,逐步培养学生的创新能力.我们遵照《理工科类大学物理实验课程教学基本要求》,在引入光脉冲宽度测量作为课题式设计性实验方面作了一些探索.     

物理教学中培养学生技术设计能力的探索

当今社会需要设计创新人才,让学生参与设计是培养学生设计能力的基础。中学物理教材中缺乏培养设计能力的显性安排;教师可以把教学中的物理仪器设备当成培养学生设计能力的资源。本文首先根据物理仪器设备的特点阐述它在培养学学生设计能力中的教学价值;然后提出了仪器设备探究教学模式的构架,并结合具体案例,对仪器设备教学模式实施的主要途径进行了详细的阐述;最后简要介绍了本探索实践的成效。     

新教材(人教版)必修模块实验的设计特色和教学价值分析

分析了人教版新教材必修模块中实验的设计特色及所表现出的教学价值.从新技术手段在实验中的应用、各栏目的实验统一规划、引领学生进行深度学习、促进学生的物理学科核心素养的达成、实验装置图等5个方面分析了教材实验的设计特色,从独立小节学生实验对于学生探究能力全面提升的价值、学生的动手实验和做一做体验活动在帮助学生构建知识和能力...     

浅谈初中物理教学中问题设计的原则

教师在教学过程中离不开问题的选择与设计;设计良好的物理问题不仅能给学生发现和提出问题提供一种导向,而且这种导向会使学生学会发现问题和提出问题,从而提高学生的科学探究能力.为使学生产生积极探究的欲望,主动参与问题解决的过程,从中学习科学知识,体验科学探究,形成良好的情感态度和价值观,这就需要让学生面临一种真实的、新颖的问题情景.     

高中物理新教材中的学习设计研究——以人教版高中物理新教材必修1为例

教材中的学习设计是指教材在体现学生学习理论和指导学生学习策略方面的技术路径和呈现方式.基于学习心理学从体现学习理论和指导学习策略两个维度建构了分析教材学习设计的指标体系,通过对人教版高中物理新教材必修1中学习设计的分析,发现教材在多个方面体现了学习理论与学习策略.     

将元认知训练融入大学物理设计性实验教学中的探索

在大学物理设计实验中对学生进行元认知训练探索表明,元认知训练对培养学生独立完成设计性实验的动手能力以及自主创新意识的形成有着显著的作用。     

Evidence for a role of glutamate as an efferent transmitter in taste buds

Background  

Glutamate has been proposed as a transmitter in the peripheral taste system in addition to its well-documented role as an umami taste stimulus. Evidence for a role as a transmitter includes the presence of ionotropic glutamate receptors in nerve fibers and taste cells, as well as the expression of the glutamate transporter GLAST in Type I taste cells. However, the source and targets of glutamate in lingual tissue are unclear. In the present study, we used molecular, physiological and immunohistochemical methods to investigate the origin of glutamate as well as the targeted receptors in taste buds.     

Body-centered-cubic structure as a basis for deriving the intermetallic crystal structures

Hyperfine Interactions - Dioximes as ligands are used as analytical reagents and serve as models for biological systems as well as catalysts in chemical processes. A number of novel mixed complexes...     

Black Holes Are One-Dimensional

The holographic principle has revealed that phyical systems in 3-D space, black holes included, are basically two-dimensional as far as their information content is concerned. This conclusion is complemented by one sketched here: as far as entropy or information flow is concerned, a black hole behaves as a one-dimensional channel. We define a channel in flat spacetime in thermodynamic terms, and contrast it with common entropy emitting systems. A black hole is more like the former: its entropy output is related to the emitted power as it would be for a one-dimensional channel, and disposal of an information stream down a black hole is limited by the power invested in the same way as for a one-dimensional channel.     

Femtosecond self mode locking of Yb:fluoride phosphate glass laser

Passive cw mode locking of an ytterbium-doped fluoride phosphate glass laser is demonstrated, for what we believe to be the first time, based solely on the Kerr effect in the active medium in a resonator with dispersion compensation. Nearly bandwidth-limited pulses as short as 160fs are generated at ~1040 nm. We obtain average output powers as high as 250mW at 170-MHz repetition rate with absorbed pump power as low as 1.2W.     

On the momentum correlations in the fragmentation of <Superscript>197</Superscript>Au + <Superscript>197</Superscript>Au reactions

We aim to present the formation of fragments using static as well as momentum-dependent interactions and larger nucleonic cross-sections. We shall also examine, in detail, the role of momentum correlations in these situations which are close to the fire-ball as well as to the spectator matter decay. The role of momentum correlations will be studied by imposing an additional cut in the momentum space. A clear need of a momentum cut is demonstrated in both fire-ball as well as spectator matter physics. The momentum-dependent interactions and larger cross-sections play a drastic role in peripheral reactions, whereas the role of momentum cut remains the same in these situations.     

Exploding wires in air and vacuum

An apparatus for studies of wire explosions in air at atmospheric as well as reduced pressures is described. A theoretical treatment of the discharge circuit is presented. In this treatment the external resistance and inductance as well as the wire inductance (all as functions of time) have been taken into consideration. It is then possible to calculate the wire variables — current, resistance, resistive voltage drop, effect, and energy input — as functions of time from thedI/dt waveform experimentally obtained. Wire variables of Ni- and W-wires exploded both in air and vacuum are presented as well as a discussion of these.     

Simulating feedback and reversibility in substrate-enzyme reactions

We extend discrete event models (DEM) of substrate-enzyme reactions to include regulatory feedback and reversible reactions. Steady state as well as transient systems are modeled and validated against ordinary differential equation (ODE) models. The approach is exemplified in a model of the first steps of glycolysis with the most common regulatory mechanisms. We find that in glycolysis, feedback and reversibility together act as a significant damper on the stochastic variations of the intermediate products as well as for the stochastic variation of the transit times. This suggests that these feedbacks have evolved to control both the overall rate of, as well as stochastic fluctuations in, glycolysis.     

Micromechanical photothermal spectroscopy of trace gases using functionalized polymers

We demonstrate a novel method to spectroscopically detect and identify trace gases. Micromechanical photothermal spectroscopy (MPS) with functionalized sorbent materials provides trace gas spectra in an optical interaction length of only a few micrometers. We use microcavity interferometry to read out displacements as low as 25 fm/√Hz, heating as low as 200 pW/√Hz, and analyte concentrations as low as 65 parts-per-billion for the nerve agent simulant DMMP. MPS integrated with functional materials represents an important new tool in chip-scale optical sensing.     

New structural picture of the Ge2Sb2Te5 phase-change alloy

Using electron microscopy and diffraction techniques, as well as first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that as much as 35% of the total Ge atoms in the cubic phase of Ge2Sb2Te5 locate in tetrahedral environments. The Ge-vacancy interactions play a crucial stabilizing role, leading to Ge-vacancy pairs and the sharing of vacancies that clusters tetrahedral Ge into domains. The Ge2Sb2Te5 structure with coexisting octahedral and tetrahedral Ge produces optical and structural properties in good agreement with experimental data and explains the property contrast as well as the rapid transformation in this phase-change alloy.     

Dijet and photon-jet correlations in proton-proton collisions at RHIC

We discuss correlations in azimuthal angle as well as correlations in two-dimensional space of transverse momenta of two jets as well as photon and jet. Some k_t-factorization subprocesses are included for the first time in the literature. Different unintegrated gluon/parton distributions are used in the k_t-factorization approach. The results depend on UGDF/UPDF used. The collinear NLO 2 ↦3 contributions dominate over k_t-factorization cross section at small relative azimuthal angles as well as for asymmetric transverse momentum configurations.