匹配滤波器映射编码方法研究

在Vander Lugt 相关器中,预先制作的匹配滤波器是系统能否得到较好的相关识别结果的关键。通常使用的迂回相位匹配滤波器编码法数据利用率不高,相关效果有进一步改进的空间。对基于最小欧几里德距离的映射编码法进行了研究,利用空间光调制器的振幅与相位调制特性进行滤波器编码,通过仿真实验分析了匹配滤波函数幅度因子对相关结果的影响,并与迂回相位编码法的相关结果进行了对比分析。从仿真结果可以看出:匹配滤波函数幅度因子越大,相关峰值越高;当幅度因子达到103时,相关峰值达到最大值;此时,映射编码法的相关峰值接近于迂回相位编码法的2倍。因此映射编码法比迂回相位编码法更有利于相关峰的判别。     

Measuring spatial coherence by using a reversed-wavefront Young interferometer

A very simple optical setup for the measurement of the modulus and the phase of the two-point correlation function of a partially coherent light field is presented. The system consists of a slightly modified version of a Young interferometer and requires a single Young mask in order to determine the correlation function at any pairs of points. Experimental results are presented for the case of a synthesized partially coherent secondary source.     

Correlation techniques in dynamic light scattering

The motion of small scatterers in a laser beam results in Doppler shifts of the scattered light. Various homodyne or heterodyne experiments may be used to measure such shifts. The stochastic nature of spatial particle arrangements and of the photon-detection process leads to statistic data processing schemes like temporal correlation or the computation of structure functions. Photon correlation is one of these schemes and has found numerous applications in velocimetry and Brownian motion studies. Topics of current interest are dead-time corrections, the use of photon structure functions, and multiple tau measurements, which access large ranges of time constants in a single run.More recent data processing techniques are recurrence rate correlation for the immediate determination of velocity correlation functions in seeded fluid flows and the measurement of amplitude-weighted phase structure functions, which is able to resolve very small particle displacements otherwise completely obscured by random Brownian motion. Rate correlation found applications in hydrodynamic studies of the route to turbulence, while the major use of phase structure function processing is a very significant increase in the sensitivity of electrophoretic mobility measurements by light scattering.     

Focussing by a random phase screen

We present experimental measurements of the statistics of intensity scintillations in light scattered by a random phase screen. The phase screen was produced in the laboratory by turbulent mixing of hot and cold air; the parameters of this screen were such that geometrical focussing effects could be studied near the screen and speckle effects were clearly visible in the far field. Results are given for the propagation of both laser light and white light through the turbulent region. We compare experimental results with the theory for a phase screen with a gaussian phase correlation function. New theoretical work which allows comparison for mean-square phase fluctuation $\text{φ}{}^2$ å 1 is also outlined.     

Scattering of light in an inhomogeneous fluctuating plasma

Scattering of light in an inhomogeneous fluctuating plasma is treated whose mean density distribution is given by a solution of the Korteweg-de Vries equation. The amplitude and phase correlation functions are computed for given mean density and spectral function of the density fluctuations.The non-linear effect of the mean inhomogeneous density distribution on the scattered light leads to beatings in the spectral functions of the amplitude and phase correlations. It is shown that the covariance function for the log-amplitude (which is to first order proportional to the intensity of the scattered light) can be approximated in a large L-region by a power law whose exponent is smaller than in the homogeneous case.     

What kind of phases does one measure in usual interference experiments?

It is pointed out that in usual optical interference experiments one does not measure phases of monochromatic light beams as is usually assumed. Rather that one measures a phase of an associated correlation function of a beam; and that, when the beam is spatially fully coherent, as is usually the case, the measured phase may be identified with the phase of an average wave function of the beam.     

Intensity correlation of the resonance fluorescence radiation from an atom driven by a laser pump with amplitude and phase fluctuations

The influence of the phase and amplitude fluctuations of a relatively weak laser pump on the intensity correlations of the resonance fluorescence light from a single atom is studied. It is found that the contributions due to a non-Markovian dephasing of the laser light can be neglected in many cases. The amplitude fluctuations and the attendant non-factorizability of the intensity correlation function are shown to lead to a stronger correlation of the intensities of the resonance fluorescence light considered.     

Phase singularities and coherence vortices in linear optical systems

It is demonstrated for a time-invariant linear optical system that there exists a definite connection between the optical vortices (phase singularities of the field amplitude) which appear when it is illuminated by spatially coherent light and the coherence vortices (phase singularities of the field correlation function) which appear when it is illuminated by partially coherent light. Optical vortices are shown to evolve into coherence vortices when the state of coherence of the field is decreased. Examples of the connection are given. Furthermore, the generic behavior of coherence vortices in linear optical systems is described.     

Shear induced anisotropy in two-dimensional liquids

The behavior of a dense two-dimensional soft disc liquid under shear is studied via nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. The structure factor for the liquid at a given shear rate is evaluated directly by plotting the particle positions, taken at random from the NEMD simulation at that shear, onto photographic film and using light scattering to obtain a diffraction pattern. The pair correlation function of this system is also extracted directly by histogramming the particle positions with respect to a given central particle as a function of separation and angle. The pair correlation function is compared to that approximated by a Fourier series expansion to rank ten. Results are reported as a function of shear rate from a shear rate of 0.1 (when the fluid is essentially Newtonian) to 10 (when the fluid can display a string phase). The appearance of the string phase is discussed and shown to be a consequence of the definition of temperature in the simulation algorithm. A modification of the algorithm is proposed. Comparisons between this work and previous work with three-dimensional liquids are given. The two-dimensional structure factor is compared with that obtained from a real colloidal suspension via light scattering.     

相位一致性图像及其在目标跟踪中的应用(英文)

针对传统实时相关跟踪方法对照度变化敏感的问题,提出了一种基于相位一致性图像的相关跟踪方法.利用相位一致性函数值在[0,1]区间内且无量纲、对图像的亮度和对比度具有不变性等特点,首先对原始图像进行相位一致性检测,得到相位一致性图像,再利用MAD(Minimum Absolute Difference)等相关跟踪算法在相位一致性图像中对目标进行跟踪运算.对可见光和红外图像的实验表明,在图像的亮度和对比度发生剧烈变化的情况下,算法仍能保持对目标的稳定跟踪.该方法可用于解决传统实时相关跟踪方法普遍存在的因照度变化导致跟踪点漂移甚至跟踪失败的问题.     

Auto-correlation Properties of Scattering Light in Ultrasound-modulated Random Media

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相移法在光栅投影测量中的应用

利用双目CCD相机记录的光栅投影测量技术是一种新型的光学测量方法。为了获得高精度测量相位值，提出一种优化相位测量精度的相移方法。该方法通过投影相传递函数和投影光的光强函数计算相位值，并考虑了测量投影光非正弦、非周期性的影响，提高了投影光栅的条纹精度和相位精度，相位精度为像素级，通过插值可达到亚像素级。     

Shack-Hartmann波前传感器用于闪烁和相位起伏效应的同时测量

将每一个子孔径及相应的CCD面元作为一个光强探测系统,可以将Shack-Hartmann波前传感器用于湍流大气闪烁效应的测量.分析了该测量方法的基本原理,并结合其波前探测的功能.在近地面水平1km的湍流大气中,同时进行了闪烁和相位起伏的实验研究.将闪烁测量得到的Cn2与大口径闪烁仪测量的结果进行对比,发现两者的相关系数达0.838,验证了Shack-Hartmann波前传感器用于闪烁效应测量的可靠性.对闪烁和相位起伏效应得到的Cn2的日变化进行了对比.结果表明,两者在变化趋势上具有较好的一致性;采用双对数坐标对两种结果进行相关性分析,发现两者的相关系数达0.798.这表明将Shack-Hartmann波前传感器用于闪烁和相位起伏效应的同时测量是可行的,拓展了该传感器的使用功能.     

Selective edge enhancement in three-dimensional vortex imaging with incoherent light

We demonstrate a new imaging method enabling a selective edge contrast enhancement of three-dimensional amplitude objects with spatially incoherent light. The imaging process is achieved in a spiral modification of Fresnel incoherent correlation holography and uses a vortex impulse response function. The correlation recordings of the object are acquired in a one-way interferometer with the wavefront division carried out by a spatial light modulator. Two different methods based on applying a helical reference wave in the hologram recording and a digital spiral phase modulation in image reconstruction are proposed for edge enhancement of amplitude objects. Results of both isotropic and anisotropic spiral imaging are demonstrated in experiments using an LED as an incoherent source of light.     

低阶模式校正自适应光学系统的非等晕限制

分析了非科尔莫戈罗夫湍流情况下,自适应光学系统低阶模式校正时的非等晕误差、泽尼克系数角相关函数、残余相位结构函数以及长曝光光学传递函数,并定义了一个新变量－－模式校正因子,用来有效评价目标非等晕误差对低阶模式校正自适应光学系统补偿效果的影响。此外还给出了光波水平大气传输时模式校正因子以及低阶模式校正系统长曝光光学传递函数的数值计算结果。     

利用相关分析法测量空间光调制器的相位调制特性

基于一维干涉条纹图像的相关分析法可实现液晶空间光调制器相位调制特性的测试。给出了XGA2L11型电寻址液晶空间光调制器的相位现场测试原理、测试装置和测试步骤。利用范德卢格特型光电混合相关器对测试结果进行了实验验证。结果表明,该方法具有原理简单、适应性强和精度高等优点。     

The long-term optical behavior of BL Lac object S5 0716+714

BL Lac object S5 0716+714 is a well-studied object.In this paper,the available optical(BVRI) data of this source are compiled,and the B-,V-,R-and I-band light curves are constructed.Each of them is analyzed by means of the discrete correlation function(DCF) method,the structure function(SF) method and the z-transformed discrete correlation function(ZDCF) method.The results imply that there is a possible periodic variation of 1211 days in each passband light curve.The source varies violently and complicatedly,and exhibits a brightening trend in the light curves.     

基于电荷耦合器件探测气溶胶散射相函数与大气能见度的研究

提出一种测量大气气溶胶散射相函数及能见度的方法,并且设计了以半导体激光器为光源和以电荷耦合器件(CCD)为探测器的实验装置,利用该实验装置测量了15°～45°的散射灰度值角分布。根据激光雷达方程和Henyey-Greenstein散射相函数理论,拟合气溶胶的相函数分布,计算其能见度。将拟合得到的相函数和计算的能见度的结果分别与POM天空辐射计和Belfort能见度得到的观测结果进行对比,结果表明两者一致性较好,证明了利用激光光源和CCD测量气溶胶相函数和能见度的可行性。     

Interference-pattern image formation in an optical system with a random phase screen in the space-frequency plane

The process of interference-pattern image formation in an optical system with a random phase screen in the space-frequency plane is analyzed. It is shown that an optical system of this kind can function, under certain conditions, as a shearing interferometer, which determines the dependence of contrast of the average intensity fringes in the interference pattern image on the normalized correlation function of the random phase screen complex transmittance. The dependence of the fringe contrast on the pattern period and aperture of the field of view is established, as well as dependence of the optical transfer function of the system under study on spatial coherence of the light in the pupil of the system with the random phase screen.     

Speckle intensity mean value dependence on the number of scatterers

The number of scatterers contributing to the speckle amplitude can be determined by the spot size of the incident light or by the amplitude point spread function of the optical system. The speckle intensity mean value measurement results with two methods of choosing the number of scatterers applied are presented. The values of the rms phase deviation and correlation length obtained from two methods agree well. The properties of both methods are discussed. The possibilities for the roughness measurement are suggested.