Measuring relative grain-boundary energies in block-copolymer microstructures

The (relative) energies of symmetric tilt grain boundaries in a strongly segregated lamellar block copolymer are determined by analysis of the dihedral angles at grain-boundary triple junctions. The analysis reveals two regimes: at low and intermediate misorientations (corresponding to a tilt-angle range 0≤θ≤85°) the grain-boundary energy is found to depend on the tilt angle as E(θ)～θ(x), with 2.5>x≥0. At large misorientations the grain-boundary energy is found to be independent (within the experimental uncertainty) of the angle of tilt. The transition between the two scaling regimes is accompanied by the transition of the grain-boundary structure from the chevron to the omega morphology. Grain-boundary energy and frequency are found to be inversely related, thus suggesting boundary energy to be an important parameter during grain coarsening in block-copolymer microstructures, as it is in inorganic polycrystalline microstructures.     

Stability of a block-copolymer lamella in a strong electric field

Using self-consistent field theory, we examine the stability of a lamellar layer of diblock copolymer subject to strong orthogonal electric fields. Two competing instabilities are identified; one is a peristaltic mode that leads to perpendicular lamellae, and the other is an undulatory mode that results in the formation of an undesirable grain boundary. The former kinetic pathway is favored when the central domain is relatively thin and composed of the low-dielectric material.     

Relationship between structural and stress relaxation in a block-copolymer melt

The relationship between structural relaxation on molecular length scales and macroscopic stress relaxation was explored in a disordered block-copolymer melt. Experiments show that the structural relaxation time, measured by x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy is larger than the terminal stress relaxation time, measured by rheology, by factors as large as 100. We demonstrate that the structural relaxation data are dominated by the diffusion of intact micelles while the stress relaxation data are dominated by contributions due to disordered concentration fluctuations.     

Ordering dynamics in Disordered systems

We review analytical and numerical studies of phase ordering dynamics or domain growth in systems with quenched disorder. These studies are usually based on kinetic versions of the random-exchange Ising model (REIM) or random-field Ising model (RFIM). We also present detailed numerical results which clarify the nature of domain growth in random magnets. These results demonstrate that domain walls are trapped by disorder barriers with a logarithmic dependence on the domain size.     

Interface Motion in Disordered Ferromagnets

We consider numerically the depinning transition in the random-field Ising model. Our analysis reveals that the three and four dimensional model displays a simple scaling behavior whereas the five dimensional scaling behavior is affected by logarithmic corrections. This suggests that d = 5 is the upper critical dimension of the depinning transition in the random-field Ising model. Furthermore, we investigate the so-called creep regime (small driving fields and temperatures) where the interface velocity is given by an Arrhenius law.     

Antiferromagnetism in hydrated 123 compounds

Copper nuclear quadrupole resonance and zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZFNMR) studies of YBa₂Cu₃O_6.5 show that a magnetic phase appears in underdoped 123 superconductors treated in ambient moist air. The studies give convincing evidence that the “empty” CuO chains play the role of easy water insertion channels. The reaction occurs first in ordered regions of the crystallites. The final product of the reaction is a nonsuperconducting antiferromagnetic compound characterized by at least two types of magnetically ordered copper ions, with ZFNMR spectra in the frequency ranges 46–96 and 96–135 MHz, respectively. Even for powder samples fixed in an epoxy resin, this reaction is found to have partially occurred after a few years. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 69, No. 10, 739–744 (25 May 1999) Published in English in the original Russian journal. Edited by Steve Torstveit.     

High-dimensional quantum state transfer in a noisy network environment

We propose and analyze an efficient high-dimensional quantum state transfer protocol in an XX coupling spin network with a hypercube structure or chain structure. Under free spin wave approximation, unitary evolution results in a perfect high-dimensional quantum swap operation requiring neither external manipulation nor weak coupling. Evolution time is independent of either distance between registers or dimensions of sent states, which can improve the computational efficiency. In the low temperature regime and thermodynamic limit, the decoherence caused by a noisy environment is studied with a model of an antiferromagnetic spin bath coupled to quantum channels via an Ising-type interaction. It is found that while the decoherence reduces the fidelity of state transfer, increasing intra-channel coupling can strongly suppress such an effect. These observations demonstrate the robustness of the proposed scheme.     

固态化脉冲形成网络Marx脉冲发生器

和传统Marx发生器单级由单一电容组成不同,脉冲形成网络Marx发生器的每一级是以陶瓷电容排列成网络形式组成脉冲形成网络,然后再通过串联叠加的方式实现电压叠加。由于采用了脉冲网络形成线,该型发生器可以产生质量较高的脉冲波形。对该型Marx发生器的充电方式、开关结构、结构布局等进行了研究,设计了两种较为紧凑的实验装置。开展的初步实验研究中,利用脉冲变压器进行充电,利用SF6气体绝缘,10级叠加结构在50 水电阻负载上获得了400 kV,100 ns的高压输出;20级结构在50 水电阻负载上获得了500 kV,70 ns的高压输出。     

Ground state fidelity from tensor network representations

For any D-dimensional quantum lattice system, the fidelity between two ground state many-body wave functions is mapped onto the partition function of a D-dimensional classical statistical vertex lattice model with the same lattice geometry. The fidelity per lattice site, analogous to the free energy per site, is well defined in the thermodynamic limit and can be used to characterize the phase diagram of the model. We explain how to compute the fidelity per site in the context of tensor network algorithms, and demonstrate the approach by analyzing the two-dimensional quantum Ising model with transverse and parallel magnetic fields.     

固态化脉冲形成网络Marx脉冲发生器

和传统Marx发生器单级由单一电容组成不同,脉冲形成网络Marx发生器的每一级是以陶瓷电容排列成网络形式组成脉冲形成网络,然后再通过串联叠加的方式实现电压叠加。由于采用了脉冲网络形成线,该型发生器可以产生质量较高的脉冲波形。对该型Marx发生器的充电方式、开关结构、结构布局等进行了研究,设计了两种较为紧凑的实验装置。开展的初步实验研究中,利用脉冲变压器进行充电,利用SF6气体绝缘,10级叠加结构在50Ω水电阻负载上获得了400 kV,100 ns的高压输出;20级结构在50Ω水电阻负载上获得了500 kV,70 ns的高压输出。     

Disordered cellular automaton traffic flow model: phase separated state, density waves and self organized criticality

We suggest a disordered traffic flow model that captures many features of traffic flow. It is an extension of the Nagel-Schreckenberg (NaSch) stochastic cellular automata for single line vehicular traffic model. It incorporates random acceleration and deceleration terms that may be greater than one unit. Our model leads under its intrinsic dynamics, for high values of braking probability p_r, to a constant flow at intermediate densities without introducing any spatial inhomogeneities. For a system of fast drivers p_r→0, the model exhibits a density wave behavior that was observed in car following models with optimal velocity. The gap of the disordered model we present exhibits, for high values of p_r and random deceleration, at a critical density, a power law distribution which is a hall mark of a self organized criticality phenomena.     

Dielectric Relaxations in Structurally Disordered Materials

Chain mobility in multiphase polymeric materials is studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents and dielectric spectroscopy in poly(styrene)-b-poly(butadiene)-b-poly(c-caprolactone) triblock copolymers and poly(carbonate)/poly(c-caprolactone) blends. The variation in the relaxation time distribution of the dielectrically active components and in the number of orientable dipoles in the amorphous phases of these materials is interpreted as the result of the existence of a rigid amorphous phase constrained by the crystalline regions or in the case of the blends by a phase segregation which takes place when the crystallization process of the blend components advances. The mean relaxation times for the secondary and segmental motions are not affected when the phases are segregated.     

Quantum Ratchet in Disordered Quantum Walk

Symmetrically evolving discrete quantum walk results in dynamic localization with zero mean displacement when the standard evolution operations are replaced by a temporal disorder evolution operation. In this work we show that the quantum ratchet action, that is, a directed transport in standard or disordered discrete‐time quantum walk can be realized by introducing a pawl like effect realized by using a fixed coin operation at marked positions that is, different from the ones used for evolution at other positions. We also show that the combination of standard and disordered evolution operations can be optimized to get the mean displacement of order ∝ t (number of walk steps). This model of quantum ratchet in quantum walk is defined using only a set of entangling unitary operators resulting in the coherent quantum transport.     

Disordered quantum walks in two-dimensional lattices

The properties of the two-dimensional quantum walk with point,line,and circle disorders in phase are reported.Localization is observed in the two-dimensional quantum walk with certain phase disorder and specific initial coin states.We give an explanation of the localization behavior via the localized stationary states of the unitary operator of the walker+coin system and the overlap between the initial state of the whole system and the localized stationary states.     

Rotatory dispersion in hydrated cobaltous salts

Chemical shifts are recorded for the thallium resonance of ²⁰³Tl and ²⁰⁵Tl in a number of thallium compounds in the solid state and in aqueous solutions. Different chemical shifts are found for Tl⁺, TlCl₄′ and TlCl₆…'. Solid Tl₂Cl₃ shows two thallium resonances with intensities in the ratio 3 : 1, consistent with the formula Tl₃(TlCl₆). Hydrated thallic chloride in the solid state shows three thallium resonances which may be due to the presence of Tl(H₂O) _x ⁺⁺⁺, TlCl₄′ and TlCl₆…'. The chemical shifts of the thallium resonance in aqueous thallic chloride and bromide solutions in the presence of added halides are consistent with the stepwise formation of complex ions. The second moments of the resonances of the two thallium isotopes in solid compounds shows that there is spin-spin coupling between the thallium isotopes, and a weak coupling in some cases between thallium nuclei and the nuclei of anions.     

Universal Minimum Conductivity in Disordered Double-Weyl Semimetal

We report an exact numerical study on disorder effect in double-Weyl semimetals, and compare exact numerical solutions for the quasiparticle behavior with the Born approximation and renormalization group results. It is revealed that the low-energy quasiparticle properties are renormalized by multiple-impurity scattering processes,leading to apparent power-law behavior of the self-energy. Therefore, the quasiparticle residue surrounding nodal points is considerably reduced and vanishes as Z_E...