Fluctuations of order parameters in the highT c superconductors

Recently we have proposed a phenomenological approach in terms of two coexisting macroscopic order parameters corresponding to the superconducting and insulating states and have discussed the electrodynamical responses of the superconducting ceramics. In this paper we discuss the fluctuations of the order parameters both in static and dynamical situations in the mean field approach and obtain results for the electrical conductivity which possesses anomalies as in granular materials.     

Bi-2223/Ag超导带材的失超传播速度研究

文中对超导带材的失超产生机理进行了详细分析,建立了其失超传播的计算模型。在此基础上,对Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带材失超传播进行了实验研究,用四引线法测得不同条件下其失超传播的U-t曲线,由此计算出Bi-2223/Ag超导带材的失超传播速度为0.4cm/s～1.98cm/s。实验结果表明:带材的失超传播速度与载流大小有关,与触发失超的能量无关,带材载流越大,失超传播得越快。     

Electromagnetic response of a single phase Y-Ba-Cu-O compound superconducting in the 90 K range

The results of x-ray diffraction, electrical resistance, DC and AC magnetization studies on two specimens of compositions Y_2.1Ba_3.9Cu₆O_14−δ and Y_1.8Ba_4.2Cu₆O_14−δ are presented. Our studies confirm that La₃Ba₃Cu₆O₁₄ type orthorhombic phase is responsible for superconductivity in the 90 K range. The heat treatment that yields high quality samples with sharp transition in electrical resistance as well as in AC magnetic susceptibility measurements is described. Magnetic response just belowT _c is found to be sensitive to the measuring field.     

Inverted V-shaped evolution of superconducting temperature in SrBC under pressure

Based on density functional first-principles calculations and anisotropic Eliashberg equations, we have investigated the electronic structure, lattice dynamics, and phonon-mediated superconductivity in newly synthesized layered compound Sr BC under pressure. Different from Li BC and Mg B2, our calculations surprisingly reveal that Sr BC is isotropic in compressibility, due to the accumulation of substantial electrons in the interstitial region. We find that the Sr phonons strongly couple with B-2 pz orbital and the interstitial states, giving rise to a two-gap superconductivity in Sr BC, whose transition temperature shows an inverted V-shaped dependence on pressure. The maximal transition temperature is about 22 K at50 GPa. On both sides of 50 GPa, the transition temperature exhibits quasi-linear variation with positive and negative slopes, respectively. Such a variation of transition temperature is infrequent among phonon-mediated superconductors. The competition between enhanced electron–phonon matrix element and hardened phonons plays an essential role in governing the behavior of the critical temperature.     

超导材料的发展与研究现状

新型超导材料一直是人类追求的目标。该文主要从超导材料的探索与发现、制备技术、基础研究面临的挑战等几个方面来探讨超导材料的发展与研究现状。     

无绝缘高温超导双饼线圈的瞬态电热特性分析

无绝缘高温超导线圈具有良好的电热稳定性和机械紧凑性,但其充电过程中却有明显的磁场延迟现象。为详细了解无绝缘高温超导线圈励磁过程的瞬态特性,建立了无绝缘高温超导线圈的同轴圆环等效电路模型。通过绕制一个670匝的无绝缘高温超导双饼线圈,在液氮温度下进行不同充电速率的励磁实验,初步验证了等效电路模型的正确性。基于该模型,针对线圈励磁过程的充电和恒流阶段,仿真得到了线圈各匝的径向电流分布规律和电热损耗特性。     

高温超导材料技术专利数据统计分析

利用德温特专利数据库和汤姆森数据分析软件(TDA),对1988-2007年20间高温超导材料技术的专利进行统计分析,从专利申请的年度分布、国家/地区分布、机构分布、技术领域特点、专利保护策略等方面探讨了高温超导材料技术的整体发展状况。     

Relaxation of the superconducting order parameter under microwave irradiation

In superconducting aluminium we measured the influence of microwave irradiation on the time delay between the start of a supercritical current pulse and onset of the corresponding voltage response. We observed a shortening of the delay times due to the microwaves. This reflects the redistribution of the quasiparticles and the enhancement of the superconducting energy gap.     

Influence of microwaves on the order parameter relaxation time of superconducting aluminium

Experimentally is found that at constant temperatures the order-parameter relaxation time, τ_Δ, decreases with increasing power of the microwaves, coupled into a superconducting strip. If the same increase in critical current, that corresponds with a given power of the microwaves, is obtained by lowering the temperature, the decrease in τ_Δ is smaller. This reflects the fact that quasiparticles are removed more efficiently from the gap edge by microwaves than by lowering the temperature in equilibrium. A modified time-dependent Ginzburg—Landau equation is shown to describe     

The order parameter for the superconducting phases of UPt3

I review the principal theories that have been proposed for the superconducting phases of UPt₃. The detailed H-T phase diagram places constraints on any theory for the multiple superconducting phases. Much attention has been given to the Ginzberg-Landau region of the phase diagram where the phase boundaries of three phases appear to meet at a tetracritical point. It has been argued that the existence of a tetracritical point for all field orientations eliminates the two-dimensional (2D) orbital representations coupled to a symmetry-breaking field (SBF) as a viable theory of these phases and favours either a theory based on two primary order parameters belonging to different irreducible representations that are accidentally degenerate, as described by Chen and Garg 1993, or a spin-triplet, orbital one-dimensional representation with non spin-orbit coupling in the pairing channel, as described by Machida and Ozaki 1991. I comment on the limitations of the models proposed so far for the superconducting phases of UPt₃. I also find that a theory in which the order parameter belongs to an orbital 2D representation coupled to a SBF is a viable model for the phases of UPt₃, based on the existing body of experimental data. Specifically, I show that the existing phase diagram (including an apparent tetracritical point for all field orientations), the anisotropy of the upper critical field over the full temperature range, the correlation between superconductivity and basal plane antiferromagnetism and the low-temperature power laws in the transport and thermodynamic properties can be explained qualitatively, and in many respects quantitatively, by an odd-parity E_2u order parameter with a pair spin projection of zero along the ?c axis. The coupling of an antiferromagnetic moment to the superconducting order parameter acts as a SBF which is responsible for the apparent tetracritical point, in addition to the zero-field double transition. The new results presented here for the E_2u representation are based on an analysis of the material parameters calculated within the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory for the 2D representations, and a refinement of the SBF model given by Hess et al. (1989). I also discuss possible experiments to test the symmetry of the order parameter.     

Phase dependent superconductivity in the Y-Ba-Cu-O system

Studies of stable phases containing copper have been made when mixtures of Y₂O₃, BaCO₃ and CuO are reacted. It is found that out of four phases there is only one phase which is superconducting and the volume ratio of superconducting to non-superconducting phase decreases rapidly as we move away from the stoichiometry of the superconducting phase having composition YBa₂Cu₃O_8−y.     

超导多路器的初步研究

超导多路器在卫星通信、电子侦察信道化接收方面有着重要的应用前景 ,文中对此进行了初步研究 ;介绍了其工作原理、设计及模拟结果 ;讨论了实际研制中的一些问题     

Temperature dependence of the relaxation time of the superconducting order parameter

We have measured the temperature dependences of the relaxation time of the superconducting order parameter and of the equilibrium energy gap close to the transition temperature in very clean films of aluminum. The results are only consistent with the temperature and energy gap dependence predicted by Schmid and Schön. We also show that the magnitude and mean free path dependence of the electron inelastic collision time is in good agreement with calculations.     

铁基超导体能隙结构和机理的统一认识

铁基超导体作为除铜氧化物超导体之外的第二类高温超导体,自从被发现以来其超导电性的成因就备受关注。早期有人针对同时具有空穴型费米口袋和电子型费米口袋的铁砷基超导体提出了S^±配对模式,而且得到中子散射和隧道谱实验的初步支持。这一配对模型的基础是需要在布里渊区同时具有空穴型和电子型费米面。但是铁基超导体的费米面因材料而异,新发现的很多铁硒基超导体因缺乏空穴型费米面,对S^±电子配对模型来说是一个挑战。文章综述了过去几年来作者在这方面取得的工作进展。运用高精度的扫描隧道显微镜,在不同铁基超导体系中,针对超导能隙结构,或超导序参量的性质进行了仔细研究。首先作者在铁砷基超导体NaFe_1-xCo_xAs和Ba_1-xK_xFe ₂As₂中利用无磁性杂质态测量和隧道谱测量,发现S^±的明确证据。进一步,在只有电子型费米面的(Li_1−xFe_x)OHFeSe超导材料中发现两个各向异性的超导能隙,利用准粒子相干散射实验第一次把这两个超导能隙对应到由电子型费米面套叠或杂化后形成的内外两套费米面上。通过非磁性杂质诱导产生的能隙内杂质态和新型电子驻波相位敏感实验的探测,证明该材料中超导能隙符号也发生反转。因此作者的系列工作统一了有和没有空穴型费米面的铁基超导体的能隙形式,支持排斥势是导致电子配对和超导电性产生的关键因素。     

高温超导材料特性测试装置

高温超导电性是物理学的前沿课题,具有重大的应用前景。低温的获得和控制、各类温度传感器和液面计的特性、电阻的四引线测量法、乱真电动势的判定和消除、数据的计算机处理等,都是物理实验的重要内容。利用精心研制的装置所做的实验,有利于培养学生严谨的科学态度和求实精神。     

Normal-phase transport properties of highT c Y-Ba-Cu-O compounds

The normal state resistivity of highT _c Y-Ba-Cu-O compounds has been investigated and it is shown that the room temperature resistivity depends exponentially on the volume fraction of the non-superconducting phase. It is further shown that the dependence of normal state resistivity on temperature upto 300 K can be explained on the basis of a short-range co-operative electron-phonon coupling. This model also explains the observed positive Seebeck coefficient for the pure phase superconducting sample.     

Peltier-effect in the mixed state of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oδ

We present measurements of the Peltier-effect in the mixed state of Bi_1.76Pb_0.24Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_δ. The Peltier-coefficient broadens in a magnetic field quite similar to the resistivity and the thermopower. Comparison with the thermopower shows that Onsagers relation holds well. The occurrence of the Peltier-heat in the mixed state well below T_c implies that the electric current is accompanied by a large heat current. We show that the vortex contribution to the Peltier-heat is negligibly small. Therefore the heat current has to be attributed to normal quasiparticle excitations. Our results indicate that this quasiparticle contribution to the heat current remains large even at temperatures far below T_c.