小碳团簇结构的从头算分子动力学模拟

引入第一原理密度泛函理论, 即赝势密度泛函在实空间的有限差分方法和朗之万分子动力学退火技术, 对碳团簇Cn(n=2-8)的基态结构进行了理论计算, 所得结果与其他作者的计算结果及实验数据吻合较好.     

Ground-state geometries and stability of NaMg clusters using ab initio molecular dynamics method

The ground-state geometries, energetics and the stability of ( n =1-12) clusters are studied using ab initio molecular dynamics method. Our results indicate that the ground-state geometries of large clusters () are different from those of clusters where a trivalent impurity Al is added to the same monovalent host Na. Other features observed are an early appearance of 3-dimensional structure and a pentagonal growth path from n =6 up to n =11. As expected, the ground-state geometry of is not an icosahedron but can be viewed as a distorted form of one of the low lying geometries of cluster. In the energetically favored structures impurity atom Mg is never located at the center of the cluster. The stability analysis based on the energetics shows (8 valence electrons) to be the most stable. In addition there is a remarkable even-odd pattern observed in the dissociation energy and the second difference in energy which is absent in earlier studies of and clusters. Received: 16 September 1998 / Received in final form: 15 February 1999     

乙醚-水混合团簇的多光子电离质谱及从头算

应用多光子电离技术结合飞行时间质谱仪对乙醚与水的混合团簇进行了研究,实验中观测到了多个序列的质子化团簇： (CH3CH2OCH2CH3)nH+（n=1、2…6）、(CH3CH2OCH2CH3)nH2OH+（n=1、2…4）和(CH3CH2OCH2CH3)n(H2O)2H+ （n=2、3、4）。通过对质谱的研究发现,(CH3CH2OCH2CH3)3H2OH+为幻数结构。结合从头计算理论,在B3LYP/6-31G(d)基组水平上对乙醚与水混合团簇的可能构型进行优化,得到了其稳定构型。振动频谱分析显示,团簇中最强的红外振动模式主要来自氢键中H的伸缩振动的贡献。     

355_nm激光下邻氯苯酚-水团簇的多光子电离与从头计算研究

应用激光多光子电离质谱与超声脉冲分子束技术研究邻氯苯酚-水的混合团簇。实验中观测到C6H5ClO-(H2O)m+（m=1,2,…,5）团簇系列,通过对其质谱图的分析,得到产生该团簇的电离解离通道;用Gaussian03计算程序在B3LYP/6-31G基组水平上对部分团簇离子的可能构型进行优化,获得稳定构型。     

Magnetism of small V clusters embedded in a Cu fcc matrix: an ab initio study

We present extensive first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations dedicated to analyze the magnetic and electronic properties of small V _n clusters (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) embedded in a Cu fcc matrix. We consider different cluster structures such as: (i) a single V impurity, (ii) several V₂ dimers having different interatomic distance and varying local atomic environment, (iii) V₃ and (iv) V₄ clusters for which we assume compact as well as 2- and 1-dimensional atomic configurations and finally, in the case of the (v) V₅ and (vi) V₆ structures we consider a square pyramid and a square bipyramid together with linear arrays, respectively. In all cases, the V atoms are embedded as substitutional impurities in the Cu network. In general, and as in the free standing case, we have found that the V clusters tend to form compact atomic arrays within the cooper matrix. Our calculated non spin-polarized density of states at the V sites shows a complex peaked structure around the Fermi level that strongly changes as a function of both the interatomic distance and local atomic environment, a result that anticipates a non trivial magnetic behavior. In fact, our DFT calculations reveal, in each one of our clusters systems, the existence of different magnetic solutions (ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, and antiferromagnetic) with very small energy differences among them, a result that could lead to the existence of complex finite-temperature magnetic properties. Finally, we compare our results with recent experimental measurements.     

小Cu团簇熔化过程中的预熔化行为

用分子动力学方法研究了不同大小的Cu原子团簇(Cu13,Cu38,Cu55)的熔化行为.发现对于小的团簇(Cu13),在接近熔化温度时,其内部存在着一种特殊的预熔化行为:内部原子的相对扭转,这种扭转使得Cu13团簇在保持基态结构不变的同时,其内部的原子又具有一定的流动性,对于较大的团簇(Cu38,Cu55)则不存在这种现象.     

黑索金的非弹性中子散射及第一性原理计算

黑索金(环三亚甲基三硝胺, RDX, C₃H₆O₆N₆)是一种非常重要的次级炸药, 因其高能量密度及对外界刺激的低感度而具有广泛的军事和工业应用. 为了能在生产、运输、存储以及使用中对其行为进行有效控制, 人们对它的化学性质、力学性质, 尤其是起爆进行了大量的研究. 炸药的起爆是一个非常复杂的过程, 其中最主要的问题之一就是能量是如何从连续介质尺度的刺激转移到原子尺度引起吸热分解的. 根据冲击波致爆的非平衡态Zel'dovich-von Neumann-Doering模型, 声子作为最初的热载体在整个过程中起着非常重要的作用. 实验上, 非弹性中子散射技术是研究晶体中原子和分子运动动力学的有力手段, 尤其是对于包含了大部分声子晶格模式的低频区域来说极具优势. 利用非弹性中子散射技术测得了RDX 在10–104 cm^-1 范围内的振动谱, 结合固态量子化学计算, 对所测的12个振动模式进行指认. 研究结果有助于人们对起爆详细机理的认识.     

Density functional study of small cobalt-platinum nanoalloy clusters

The structural, energetic, electronic and magnetic properties of small bimetallic Co_nPt_m (n+m≤5) nanoalloy clusters are investigated by density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation. A plausible candidate for the ground state isomer and the other possible local minima, binding energies, relative stabilities, magnetic moments, the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps have been calculated. It is found as a general trend that average binding energies of Co-Pt bimetallic clusters increase with Pt doping. Planar structures of pure Co clusters become 3D with the addition of Pt atoms. CoPt₂, Co₂Pt₂, Co₃Pt₂, and CoPt₄ nanoalloys are identified as the most stable species since they have higher second finite difference in energy than the others. Pt doping decreases the total spin magnetic moment gradually. A rule for the prediction of the total spin moments of small Co-Pt bimetallic clusters is derived.     

Ground-state structural transitions in small clusters within the effective temperature framework

Ground-state structural transitions in finite-sized systems are studied in the Hubbard model. We use the concept of an effective temperature γ$\gamma$ that is directly related to the interactions among electrons. We have studied all the possible clusters, with nearest-neighbour hopping, for two, three and four sites. Furthermore, we have also analysed the octahedron and the seven-site Apollonian networks. We show that the clusters in which there is a ground-state phase transition are antiferromagnetically frustrated. The low temperature dependence for the specific heat and entropy allow us to infer that there is a V-shaped universal phase in finite clusters.     

Deuterium NMR and ab initio studies of strongly hydrogen-bonded molecules

Two newly synthesized alkylated cyanomalonaldehyde derivatives possess very short intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which are studied by deuterium NMR. Both the dimethyl and di-tert-butyl derivatives have small deuterium quadrupole coupling constants and large asymmetry parameters. In addition, the di-tert-butyl compound, which has one of the shortest O D...O hydrogen bonds yet measured, has a quadrupole coupling which anomalously increases with temperature. The significance of these phenomena is explored using a theoretical model which employs vibrationally averaged ab initio electric field gradient tensors calculated with large basis sets and electron correlation via the multiconfigurational self-consistent field method.     

XPS and ab initio study of the interaction of PbTe with molecular oxygen

Density functional (B3LYP) calculations have been performed to investigate the adsorption of molecule on the surface of cluster (PbTe)₄. To study the influence of point defects (namely, impurity atoms and cation and anion vacancies) on the reactivity of PbTe surface, clusters (PbTe)₃GeTe, (PbTe)₃GaTe, (PbTe)₃Te, and (PbTe)₃(Pb) were investigated. The adsorption of oxygen on the surface of (PbS)₄ cluster was calculated to evaluate the role of anions in the adsorption process. It was shown that the formation of the peroxide-like complex is the first step of adsorption. The calculated tendency to surface oxidation increases in sequence: PbTe with cation vacancies <PbS < pure PbTe < PbTe doped with Ga < PbTe doped with Ge < PbTe with anion vacancies. The results of quantum-chemical calculations correlate with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data.     

Effect of sulphur doping on manganese clusters: an ab initio study

We report a structural, electronic and magnetic analysis of minimal Mn_nS clusters, n = 1–13, from ab initio calculations. Total geometry optimizations were performed by considering compact manganese clusters, doped with a single sulphur atom. The doping was added to the cluster by considering substitution, interstitial and adsorbed positions. To further investigate the influence of the sulphur doping on the magnetic properties of manganese clusters, we performed non collinear magnetic calculations within the local spin density approximation (LSDA) for the exchange-correlation. We find that the electronic properties can be better controlled when the cluster is doped with a sulphur atom, and less size dependent. There are no differences in the magnetic properties of doped and non-doped clusters, except for n=7 and 8, in which the total magnetic moment per atom are smaller in doped clusters.     

Copper clusters and small particles stabilized within nanoporous materials

Copper was incorporated into mordenites with variable SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio, porous silica xerogels, natural pumice, and -alumina. The UV/Visible spectroscopy of the copper species produced as the result of hydrogen reduction and catalytic runs is presented. Different spectral features were detected assignable to nanoparticles, few-atomic clusters, oxide forms and Cu(II) compounds. The significant effect of support upon the redox-behavior of copper is discussed on the basis of experimental data.     

高能量密度氘、氦的第一原理研究进展

极端条件下氘、氦的研究对于凝聚态物理、等离子体物理、天体物理以及惯性约束聚变的研究具有重要意义.文章综述了近年来温稠密区、热稠密区以及低温高压区的最新研究进展,归纳了尚待解决的科学问题,从而为进一步的研究提供参考.     

Magnetic properties of small Yttrium clusters

The magnetic properties of small Y_N clusters are studied by using a tight-binding Hubbard Hamiltonian in the unrestricted Hartree-Fock approximation. Several types of cluster geometries are considered in order to see the effects of the size and symmetry of the structures on the magnetic properties. The average magnetic moments are found to be constant over large domains of variations in the interatomic distance, a fact that can be explained by the existing closed shell electronic configurations at least for one spin direction in all our magnetic solutions. Small energy gains upon the onset of magnetization are obtained, which reveals the low stability of the magnetic solutions. Our results contradict the prediction of a magnetic-nonmagnetic transition at a large cluster size (about 90 atoms) for these kinds of systems. Received: 27 April 1998 / Received in final form: 23 June 1998 / Accepted: 17 July 1998     

高能量密度氘、氦的第一原理研究进展

极端条件下氘、氦的研究对于凝聚态物理、等离子体物理、天体物理以及惯性约束聚变的研究具有重要意义.文章综述了近年来温稠密区、热稠密区以及低温高压区的最新研究进展,归纳了尚待解决的科学问题,从而为进一步的研究提供参考.     

乙醚团簇的激光电离质谱及从头计算

应用激光多光子电离质谱与超声脉冲分子束技术研究了乙醚团簇，实验中观测到乙醚的碎片离子以及强度较小的(E)H⁺，(E)^＋₂和(E)₂H⁺(E代表CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃)，没有发现更大尺寸的团簇离子.结合从头计算理论，在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p 关键词： 乙醚团簇 偶极-偶极相互作用 从头计算     

Diffusion of Pb adatom and ad-dimer on Si(1 0 0) from ab initio studies

The diffusion pathways of Pb adatoms and ad-dimers on Si(1 0 0) are investigated by first-principles calculations. Pb adatoms are found to diffuse on top of the Si(1 0 0) dimer row with an energy barrier of 0.31 eV. However, Pb dimers are energetically more stable. Pb dimers on top of the dimer row have a high energy barrier (0.95 eV) to rotate from the lowest energy configuration to the orientation parallel to the underlying Si(1 0 0) dimer row. Once the ad-dimer is oriented parallel to Si(1 0 0) dimer row, they can diffuse along the dimer row with an energy barrier of only 0.32 eV.     

Interaction of water molecules with defective carbonaceous clusters: An ab initio study

First-principle calculations are used to study the interaction of water molecules with carbonaceous clusters containing single carbon atom vacancy, similar to those which may be found in soot nanoparticles. It is shown that the dissociative adsorption of one water molecule at the vacancy site may lead to the formation of a “ketone-like” structure which can then act as a nucleation center for additional water molecules. Such a mechanism can thus participate in the hydrophilic behavior of soot primary particles although it appears less favorable than water nucleation around more hydrophilic sites such as carboxyl or hydroxyl groups.     

Symmetry and magnetic properties of transition metal clusters

The magnetic properties of 55-atom Fe, Co and Ni clusters are studied using the local spin-density formalism. The dependence of magnetic moment on cluster symmetry is found to be also cluster size dependent. The symmetry of cluster plays an important role in determining the charge distribution. The surface magnetism enhancement are found to be decreased from Fe to Ni.