二甲苯兰FF-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵-核酸共振光散射光谱研究及分析应用

在pH9.90的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,阴离子染料二甲苯兰FF(XCFF)对阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)与核酸(fsDNA、ctDNA、yRNA)的共振光散射光谱有协同增强作用。考察了影响因素,在优化条件下研究了共振光散射强度与核酸浓度之间的关系,对于fsDNA、ctDNA、yRNA的线性范围分别为0.05—3.0mg/L、0.05—6.0mg/L、0.5—2.0mg/L,检出限分别为24.1、18.4、57.0μg/L。据此建立了一种测定核酸的新方法。     

铟(Ⅲ)-8-羟基喹啉-核酸三元荧光体系的研究与应用

基于核酸对铟(Ⅲ）-8-羟基喹啉配合物的荧光增强作用，应用铟(Ⅲ)-8-羟基喹啉为荧光探针，研究了铟(Ⅲ)-8-羟基喹啉与核酸的作用，建立了新的核酸测定方法。在最佳条件下，ctDNA、hsDNA、smDNA和yRNA的线性范围分别为0．20-1．40μg／mL、0．20-1．60μg／mL、0．10—1．40μg／mL、0．20—1．20μg／mL。检出限(3o／K)分别为0．004μg／mL，0．002μg／mL，0．002μg／mL，0．002μg／mL；测定实际样品，回收率为90．9％-103．5％。     

核酸-桑色素-铝(Ⅲ)三元荧光体系的研究

基于核酸对桑色素 铝 (Ⅲ )配合物的荧光增强作用 ,以桑色素 铝 (Ⅲ )为荧光探针 ,考察该探针与核酸的结合反应 ,建立了新的准确测定核酸的方法 ,并研究了该三元荧光体系的作用机理。在 pH 8 5时 ,fsDNA ,ctDNA ,smDNA和 yRNA的浓度与桑色素 铝 (Ⅲ )的荧光强度成线性关系 ,响应范围分别为 0 2 5～1 5 0 ,0 2 5～ 2 0 0 ,0 10～ 1 6 0和 0 2 5～ 2 0 0 μg·mL-1,检测限 (3σ/K)分别为 3,2 ,2和 3ng·mL-1。测定了合成样品 ,回收率 93 3%～ 10 7 9% ,相对标准偏差小于 3 6 %     

吖啶橙共振光散射法测定脱氧核糖核酸

研究了吖啶橙与DNA作用的共振散射光谱,发现在pH 11的碱性溶液中痕量核酸对吖啶橙的共振散射光产生增强作用,且增强程度与核酸浓度之间有良好的线性关系。据此建立了测定核酸的高灵敏共振光增强分析方法。其最大散射波长均位于324 nm处,测定鱼精DNA(fs DNA)的线性范围是3.1×10-8～7.3×10-6 g·mL-1,检测限20.5 ng·mL-1,测定小牛胸腺DNA(ct DNA)的线性范围是7.5×10-8～9.8×10-6 g·mL-1,检测限20.8 ng·mL-1。该方法简单,操作方便,选择性好,灵敏度高,用于合成样品的测定结果满意。     

大黄素-铜（Ⅱ）配合物与核酸的相互作用

用光谱法研究了大黄素-铜（Ⅱ）配合物与核酸相互作用。在pH=5.6时和最大发射波长434nm处,核酸能显著地猝灭大黄素-铜（Ⅱ）的荧光强度。在最佳条件下,对ctDNA和yRNA的线性范围分别是0.18—2.2μg/mL和0.16—2.3μg/mL。通过合成试样实验,结果令人满意。     

甲苯胺蓝共振光散射法测定纳克级脱氧核糖核酸

研究了吩噻嗪类染料甲苯胺蓝 (TB)与DNA作用的共振光散射光谱 ,在pH 1 0～ 1 1的范围内 ,加入DNA导致甲苯胺蓝共振光散射增强 ,在 35 0nm处 ,存在一共振光散射增强峰 ,其强度与DNA浓度呈线性关系 ,据此建立了一种测定DNA的共振光散射法。对于ctDNA ,方法的线性范围为 0～ 90 0ng·mL-1 ,检出限为6 75ng·mL-1 ,RSD为 3 7% ;对于fsDNA ,方法的线性范围为 0～ 90 0ng·mL-1 ,检出限为 2 99ng·mL-1 ,RSD为 5 6 % .已用于合成样品中DNA的测定     

两性离子表面活性剂BS-12与DNA作用的共振光散射光谱

直接将两性离子表面活性剂用于DNA的共振光散射测定。在pH 9.3的缓冲液中,DNA与十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)在388 nm处有共振光散射增强,其强度与核酸的浓度呈线性关系,据此建立了一种测定DNA的共振光散射法。该方法具有操作简单、线性范围宽、检出限低的特点。fsDNA与ctDNA的线性范围分别为0.25～12.0 μg·mL-1和0.25～11.0 μg· mL-1,检测限分别为0.15和0.16 ng·mL-1。该法用于混合样品中DNA的测定,结果满意。     

共振光散射探针在核酸分析中的应用

核酸是生命现象的物质基础,核酸的分析测定在医学和生物学研究中有重要的意义.共振光散射技术是研究小分子物质与核酸发生作用并形成聚集体后的灵敏探测技术.本综述引用了32篇文献,介绍了近年来共振光散射探针在核酸分析中的研究进展,并评价了各种方法的优劣.     

共振光散射技术测定核酸的研究进展

核酸分析是生命科学研究中最重要的技术之一。目前主要是应用核酸内源紫外吸收光谱的紫外分光光度法和基于荧光探针分子与核酸相互作用的荧光分光光度法。紫外分光光度法灵敏度低 ,荧光分光光度法试剂昂贵 ,有毒性。近年来 ,共振光散射技术在核酸分析中的应用得到了迅速的发展。核酸的共振光散射分析方法可以用普通的荧光分光光度计进行测定 ,应用安全、便宜的试剂获得很高的灵敏度。简要介绍了共振光散射分析的基本原理 ,并对近年来利用共振光散射技术分析核酸的研究进行了评述。内容主要包括利用有机染料分子作为核酸的共振光散射探针的分析方法 ;基于阳离子表面活性剂、金属离子及其络合物以及药物与核酸相互作用的分析方法 ;核酸形成大粒子的散射分析方法。     

阿特拉津与RNA作用的共振光散射光谱及其应用

研究了阿特拉津与yRNA作用的共振光散射光谱 (RLS)和电子吸收光谱特征。建立了利用小分子农药阿特拉津作为探针测定痕量RNA的方法。在pH 1 5 0的酸度条件下 ,阿特拉津 yRNA系统在 32 0nm处有一增强的共振光散射光谱峰 ,且增强的共振散射光强度与 yRNA的浓度呈线性关系。在实验确定的优化条件下 ,RLS强度与 yRNA浓度的线性范围为 0 6～ 5 0 μg·mL-1,线性方程为I =2 5 88+14 0 0c(yR NA ,μg·mL-1) ,相关系数r =0 9975。方法的检出限为 2 0 7ng·mL-1(3δ)。该方法成功地用于人工混合样品和小盐芥中RNA含量的测定。对阿特拉津与RNA作用机制的研究表明 ,阿特拉津与RNA之间存在静电引力和嵌入式两种作用模式     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

国外超导材料技术研究政策和方向

超导材料技术是21世纪具有战略意义的高新技术,极具发展潜力和市场前景。世界各发达国家纷纷制定研发计划,给予高度重视和大力支持,加快超导材料技术的基础研究和产业化发展。主要从美国、日本、欧洲国家、韩国等国家的相关研发计划、政策以及主要科研机构的研发概况出发,阐明目前国外超导材料技术的研究政策和方向。     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

Divergence- and Curl-Preserving Prolongation and Restriction Formulas

We present new second-order prolongation and restriction formulas which preserve the divergence and, in some cases, the curl of a discretized vector field. The formulas are suitable for adaptive and hierarchical mesh algorithms with a factor-of-2 linear resolution change. We examine both staggered and collocated discretizations for the vector field on two- and three-dimensional Cartesian grids. The new formulas can be used in combination with numerical schemes that require a divergence-free solution in some discrete sense, such as the constrained transport schemes of computational magnetohydrodynamics. We also obtain divergence-preserving interpolation functions which may be used for streamline or field line tracing.     

Maximum-Entropy and Stability in Statistics and Thermodynamics

The object of the present paper is first to study the role of maximum-entropy principle based on Shannon's entropy in generating stable distribution in statistics and characterizing stable thermal equilibrium state in thermodynamics. The second is to show the nonuniqueness of Shannon's entropy in the study of the stable distribution in statistics and stable equilibrium state in thermodynamics.     

Nano and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics: present and future applications

In this letter, we illustrate the importance of fluid dynamics research by considering two particular areas of study: nano- and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics. We show how improved scientific knowledge of nano- and micro-fluid dynamics can significantly enhance our future. Application is also discussed regarding environmental aspects.     

Non-stoichiometric oxide and metal interfaces and reactions

We have employed a combination of experimental surface science techniques and density functional calculations to study the reduction of TiO₂(110) surfaces through the doping with submonolayer transition metals. We concentrate on the role of Ti adatoms in self doping of rutile and contrast the behaviour to that of Cr. DFT+U calculations enable identification of probable adsorption structures and their spectroscopic characteristics. Adsorption of both metals leads to a broken symmetry and an asymmetric charge transfer localised around the defect site of a mixed localised/delocalised character. Charge transfer creates defect states with Ti 3d character in the band gap at ∼1-eV binding energy. Cr adsorption, however, leads to a very large shift in the valence-band edge to higher binding energy and the creation of Cr 3d states at 2.8-eV binding energy. Low-temperature oxidation lifts the Ti-derived band-gap states and modifies the intensity of the Cr features, indicative of a change of oxidation state from Cr³⁺ to Cr⁴⁺. Higher temperature processing leads to a loss of Cr from the surface region, indicative of its substitution into the bulk.