纤维素基磁性聚偕胺肟树脂吸附锂

研究了氯化锂浓度、树脂含量和溶液的ＰＨ对碱式纤维素基磁性聚偕胺肟树脂吸附Ｌｉ＾＋离子能力的影响。在适当条件下，每个偕胺肟基可吸附两个Ｌｉ＾＋离子。     

聚并苯掺杂C60作锂离子电池负极材料的理论与性能研究

在AM1半经验方法水平上,对不同数目的Li⁺位于C₆₀笼内和笼外时形成的复合物进行几何优化,PAS负极材料由于掺杂C₆₀而吸附更多的Li⁺,并且Li⁺容易嵌入到C₆₀中,从理论上解释了聚并苯(PAS)导电性能改善的原因,并对PAS中掺杂C₆₀的最佳比例进行了预测.     

锂离子电池新型快充负极材料Li4Ti5O12的改性研究

采用传统固相法制备尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12, 在前驱物中掺杂聚合物裂解碳材料聚并苯(PAS). 经四探针测试仪测量, 电导率提高9个数量级. 复合物的电化学性能测试结果表明, 其循环性和高倍率性能得到了明显改善.     

Quantum Chemistry Studies on the Difference of Structures and Electronic Properties of Polyacene,Polypyridinopyridine and Paracyanogen

IntroductionThestudiesonconductivepo1ymershavebeenofmuchinterestsbothinex-perimentalworkandtheorysincetheresultsonconductivityofdopedpolyacety-lenewerereported.Itwasreportedthatthehighestconductivityofdopedpoly-acetylenereachedupto1O5s/cmandjustfellintherangeofmetalconduction[1].Somepeoplehaveputforwardone-dimension(1D)graphitematerialfamilytobeconsistedofcondensedaromaticrings.Therearetwbkindsofimportantmolecularskeletonsforms,oneisanextended.versionfrompolyacene.Thepolyacenecanbeobtaintedb…     

三维有序大孔尖晶石型Li1.6Mn1.6O4的制备及锂离子筛吸附特性

用LiNO3、Mn(Ac)2•4H2O和柠檬酸的混合溶液填充聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯胶体晶体模板, 在空气中氧化焙烧, 制备出三维有序大孔尖晶石型锂锰氧化物Li1.6Mn1.6O4. 前驱体经过0.1 mol/L盐酸脱锂后获得相应的三维有序大孔锂离子筛, 其大孔直径和孔壁厚度分别为240 nm和50 nm左右. XRD测试结果表明, Li1.6Mn1.6O4、锂离子筛和吸锂后的样品均保持尖晶石结构. 三维有序大孔材料呈现彼此连通的孔道空间, 缩短了Li+的平衡吸附时间, 前驱体脱锂率在80 ℃时达到95%, 而锰的溶损率在低于60 ℃时小于2.5%. 溶液温度对Li+的交换能力影响很大, 升高温度, Li+与H+的可逆交换程度增大, Li+的最大吸附容量为56.7 mg/g, 但处于锰16d八面体缺陷位置的氢难于被交换. pH滴定和分配系数(Kd)分析表明, 该固体酸在Li+, Na+和K+共存溶液中对Li+的吸附具有较高的选择性.     

球形PVC-MnO2离子筛的制备及锂吸附性能

本实验室前期所制备的Li4Mn5O12超细粉末在卤水体系中对Li+具有较大的吸附容量和良好的选择性。但由于超细粉体的流动性和渗透性差,无法直接应用于固定床,需对粉末吸附材料进行成型造粒,以便于实际应用。本论文采用聚氯乙烯为粘结剂,制备出粒径约为2.0~3.5 mm的球形PVC-Li4Mn5O12,经盐酸处理后得到球形PVC-MnO2离子筛。并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、静态和动态连续锂吸附实验研究了球形离子筛形貌和锂离子吸附性能。结果表明,球形离子筛对Li+的吸附容量高达5.28 mmol.g-1,在混合溶液中对Li+具有良好的选择性,这对于在盐湖卤水或海水提锂具有重要的实用意义。     

牛磺酸在大孔吸附树脂上的吸附-解吸行为研究

本文研究了S－8、D4020、NKA2、AB-8、D4006、NKA9、D3520、X－5等国产树脂对牛磺酸的吸附行为．S－8和D4020对牛磺酸的吸附能力较强,静态吸附容量在12mg／g以上．实验测定了28℃时牛磺酸在S－8和D4020上的吸附等温线,并研究了pH、盐析效应和温度对牛磺酸在S－8和D4020上吸附的影响,结果表明,温度对吸附影响很大．用80℃去离子水对吸附在树脂上的牛磺酸进行解吸,解吸率可达90％以上．     

木质素系和萘系分散剂在煤水界面的吸附性能

研究了两种木质素类分散剂SL(木质素磺酸钠)和MSSL(改性磺化碱木质素钠盐)和一种萘系分散剂(FDN)在大同煤表面的吸附量和动力学, 结果表明, SL和MSSL在煤表面的吸附量远比FDN的大, 但是拟合所得的Langmuir平衡常数K和吸附速率常数ka都比FDN的小, 这表明SL和MSSL在煤表面的吸附能力比FDN略差, 吸附速率较慢. 采用IR和XPS研究了煤表面分散剂吸附层的结果表明, 吸附了SL和MSSL的煤表面具有明显的“红移”现象, 并且SL和MSSL在煤表面的吸附层厚度分别为7.22和4.61 nm, 而FDN的吸附层厚度较小, 为2.11 nm. 分析认为, SL和MSSL在煤表面的吸附以氢键力为主, 吸附量较大, 吸附层较厚, 在煤表面呈多点式吸附; FDN主要以π电子极化吸附在煤表面呈卧式吸附, 吸附强度较大, 吸附层较薄.     

Tetrahydrofuran Activation Assisted Synthesis of Nanosized Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate

Black solid precursors obtained from reactions between MCl₅ (M = Nb, Ta) and alkyllithiums, n‐butyllithium (ⁿBuLi) and ethyllithium (EtLi), in tetrahydrofuran (THF) were heat treated under vacuum at 673–973 K to form nano‐sized particles (20–100 nm in diameter) of lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO₃). Stoichiometry of the reactants is critical and affects the phases of the products. Based on the volatile byproducts detected, a reaction pathway involving the activation of THF by alkyllithiums is proposed to be important for the formation of LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃ precursors.     

Selective Lithium Adsorption of Silicon Oxide Coated Lithium Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocrystals and Their Regeneration

Silicon oxide-coated lithium aluminum layered double hydroxide (Li_xAl₂-LDH@SiO₂) nanocrystals (NCs) are investigated to selectively separate lithium cations in aqueous lithium resources. We directly synthesized Li_xAl₂-LDH NC arrays by oxidation of aluminum foil substrate under a urea and lithium solution. Various lithium salts, including Cl⁻, CO₃²⁻, NO₃⁻, and SO₄²⁻, were applied in aqueous solution to confirm the anion effect on the captured and released lithium quantity of the Li_xAl₂-LDH NCs. In a 5% solution of sulfate ions mix with lithium chloride, the Li_xAl₂-LDH NCs separated a larger quantity of lithium than in other anion conditions. To enhance regeneration stability and lithium selectivity, thin layers of SiO₂ were coated onto the Li_xAl₂-LDH nanostructure arrays for inhibition of nanostructure destruction after desorption of lithium cations in hot water. The Li_xAl₂-LDH@SiO₂ nanostructures showed enhanced properties for lithium adsorption, including increase of stable regeneration cycles from three to five cycles, and they showed high lithium selectivity in the Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ cation mixed aqueous resource. Our nanostructured LDH lithium adsorbents would provide a facile and efficient application for cost-efficient and large-scale lithium production.     

磁性壳聚糖硅胶复合微球的制备及其吸附Cu~(2+)的性能研究

以壳聚糖与正硅酸四乙酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,用戊二醛辅助交联合成了磁性壳聚糖硅胶复合微球。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射等方法对磁性壳聚糖硅胶复合微球的形态和组成特性进行分析,制备的磁性复合微球中壳聚糖与硅胶材料复合均匀,材料粒径均一,机械强度较高。考察了制备的磁性壳聚糖硅胶复合微球对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能,结果表明微球对Cu~(2+)具有较好的吸附性能,吸附容量达到98.7mg/g。     

A Stable Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Battery with Electronically Conductive Fillers

Electronic conduction in solid-polymer electrolytes is generally not desired, which causes leakage of electrons or energy loss, and the electronically conductive domains at electrode-electrolyte interfaces can lead to continuous decomposition of electrolytes and shorting issues. However, it is noticed in this work that in an insulating matrix, the conductive domains at certain aspects could also have positive effects on the electrolyte performance with proper control. This work evaluates the limitation and benefits of electronically conductive domains in a solid-polymer electrolyte system and discusses the approach to improve the electrolyte physicochemical properties with densified local electric field distribution, enhanced bulk dielectric property, and charge transfer. By deliberately introducing the conductive domains in a regular solid-polymer electrolyte, stable cycle life, low overpotential, and promising full cell performance could be achieved.     

土壤对外源钍的吸附行为表征

外源钍对土壤的污染风险和程度取决于钍在土壤中的吸附行为. 以包头稀土工业区土壤样品和土壤环境矿物组分为研究对象, 通过静态吸附方法研究外源钍在土壤样品和环境矿物组分(高岭土、蒙脱土、碳酸钙、水合氧化铁/锰和腐殖酸)上的吸附, 并对吸附行为进行了表征. 结果表明, 土壤样品对外源钍有很强的吸附能力, 对加入的外源钍(10^-4 mol/L)吸附率在97%以上; 土壤环境矿物组分对加入的外源钍(1 g/L)吸附率在28%～46%之间. 通过扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)分析可知, 外源钍进入土壤后与矿物组分发生相互作用, 可能形成了稳定化钙质钍碳酸盐和钍磷酸盐; 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明, 钍是与土壤环境矿物组分上的活性吸附位点发生相互作用而吸附并保持在土壤中, 是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的过程; X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明, 土壤在吸附钍前后, 其矿物组分基本相同, 而矿物晶体相态发生明显变化. 由于不同土壤矿物组分对钍的吸附方式不同, 导致吸附的钍以不同形态存在于土壤中.     

锡基非晶态材料的化学合成及其嵌锂性能的初步研究

锂离子电池是近年来化学电源领域研究与发展的热点．为了进一步提高电池的能量密度，开发高容量嵌锂材料是锂离子电池技术发展的关健．目前，广泛应用的嵌锂负极多采用石墨结构碳素材料，其充放电容量已接近ＬｉＣ６的理论比容量３７２ｍＡ·ｈ／ｇ．与此同时，采用其它类...     

Solubility of Lithium Nitrate in Solutions of Lithium Halides

Summary. Solubility isotherms in LiNO₃ – LiX – H₂O (X = Cl, Br, I) systems at 298.15 K were measured for the first time with special regard to the retrograde solubility of lithium nitrate trihydrate. The compositions of solutions used as media in absorption refrigerators and heat pumps were compared with the results and subsequently discussed.     

Bi系超导体原始粉末的化学吸附行为

用傅氏变换红外光谱（FTIR）研究了不同方法制备的Bi系超导体原始粉末研磨过程中；自环境气相中的化学吸附行为．结果表明；在空气中研磨，粉末化学吸附空气中的CO2和H2O在氩气中研磨则无化学吸附现象．用Bi系超导体晶体结构的特征分析了吸附机理.     

LiMn_2O_4离子筛成型及锂吸附性能

采用PVC为粘结剂制备了LiMn_2O_4离子筛球型颗粒,分析了PVC添加量对离子筛吸附性能的影响,并通过扫描电境(SEM)、静态和动态连续锂吸附实验研究了PVC粘结剂对离子筛形貌和锂离子吸附性能的影响。结果表明,SMO-a、SMO-b和SMO-P样品的锂离子静态吸附数据与Lagergren方程吻合良好,吸附速率常数依次为1.03×10~(-5)、1.06×10~(-5)s~(-1)和9.72×10~(-6)s~(-1)SMO-a样品的静态饱和吸附量达到2.50 mmol·g~(-1),PVC造粒对离子筛的静态条件下的饱和吸附容量和吸附速率影响很小,但连续动态操作条件下SMO-a的吸附容量降低为1.11 mmol·g~(-1);经盐酸洗涤脱附后,Li~+最大富集倍数约为9。     

Adsorption Behavior and Mechanisms of Surfactants by Farmland Soils in Northeast China

The adsorption of two nonionic surfactants polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether Triton X-100 (TX-100), polyoxyethylene lauryl ether(Brij35) and an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) by two soils(S1, S2) of different natures and their respective organic-matter-extracted samples(S3, S4) were investigated. These adsorption isotherms show different adsorption stages of different types of surfactants by soils. The data fitted Langmuir equation very well. The adsorption maximum capaci...     

铅-邻苯三酚红络合物吸附波的研究及应用

作者对在0.02mol/l柠檬酸三钠底液中、pH=6.1、Pb-PR络合物吸附波进行了研究,并测定其线性范围,应用于微量铅的测定,其方法回收率在95～104%。     

Fluorine-Rich Supramolecular Nano-Container Crosslinked Hydrogel for Lithium Extraction with Super-High Capacity and Extreme Selectivity

Extraction and recovery of lithium from reserves play a critical role in the sustainable development of energy due to the explosive growth of the lithium-battery market. However, the low efficiency of extraction and recovery seriously threatens the sustainability of lithium supply. In this contribution, we fabricate a novel mechanically robust fluorine-rich hydrogel, showing highly efficient Li⁺ extraction from Li-containing solutions. The hydrogel was facilely fabricated by simple one-pot polymerization of supramolecular nanosheets of fluorinated monomers, acrylic acid and a small amount of chemical crosslinkers. The hydrogel exhibits a remarkable lithium adsorption capacity (Q_m Li⁺=122.3 mg g⁻¹) and can be reused. Moreover, it can exclusively extract lithium ions from multiple co-existing metal ions. Notably, the separation of Li⁺/Na⁺ in actual wastewater is achieved with a surprising separation factor of 153.72. The detailed characterizations as well as calculation showed that the specific coordination of Li−F plays a central role for both of the striking recovery capability and selectivity for Li⁺. Furthermore, an artificial device was constructed, displaying high efficiency of extracting lithium in various complex actual lithium-containing wastewater. This work provides a new and promising avenue for the efficient extraction and recovery of lithium resource from complex lithium-containing solutions.