中孔分子筛P123-SH分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水样中镉

利用自制的中孔分子筛P123-SH作为镉的分离富集新材料,探讨了中孔分子筛P123-SH吸附镉的原理,优化了测定镉最佳条件。在pH6.5,室温下恒温振荡15min,镉可被该材料定量吸附,其静态吸附容量为9.52mg/g。吸附的镉可用2mol/LHCl洗脱,用火焰原子吸收法测定洗脱下来的镉。该方法线性范围为0.80～120μg/L;检出限为0.12μg/L,对50μg/LCd2 溶液平行测定7次,RSD=2.1%。此法已成功地应用于环境水样中痕量镉的测定。     

双硫腙修饰纳米TiO2分离富集石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量金属离子

建立了双硫腙修饰纳米TiO2分离富集-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量镉、铬和铅的新方法,优化了纳米TiO2-双硫腙对试样中这3种痕量物质的吸附和解吸条件。结果表明,在pH 5.0时,镉、铬和铅可被定量吸附,静态饱和吸附容量分别为13.3、5.5、21.8 mg/g。吸附的各种金属离子可用5 mL 0.1mol/L的硝酸完全洗脱。该方法对Cd2+、Cr3+和Pb2+的检出限(3σ,n=11)分别为0.18、0.51、1.92 ng/L,相对标准偏差分别为2.8%、2.3%和1.0%,加标回收率为96%～101%。该方法已成功应用于环境水样中镉、铬和铅的测定。     

交联羧甲基淀粉预富集-悬浮体进样-石墨炉原子吸收法测定水样中铬(Ⅲ)和铬(Ⅵ)

以交联羧甲基淀粉(CCMS)为吸附剂,悬浮体进样-石墨炉原子吸收法(GFAAS)测定环境水样中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)形态。研究了溶液pH值、吸附时间、溶液体积、共存离子等对CCMS吸附Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。结果表明:在pH=6.0时,吸附15 min,CCMS可以选择性地吸附Cr(Ⅲ),对Cr(Ⅵ)不吸附,从而实现Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的分离。将吸附Cr?的CCMS加0.1%的琼脂制成悬浮体直接进石墨炉检测,用1 mL 1%盐酸羟胺将Cr(Ⅲ)还原成Cr(Ⅵ),测总铬。方法对Cr(Ⅲ)的检出限为0.044μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为10.4%(初始浓度CCr(Ⅲ)=1.0μg/L,n=11),富集倍数为50倍。将本方法应用于环境标准样品的测定,测得结果与标准值相符。     

环境水样中痕量铅的中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定

建立了中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量铅的新方法。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)等检测方法对自制的中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41吸附材料进行了表征,优化了中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41对试液中痕量铅的吸附和解吸条件。在pH5.5时,室温振荡20 min,中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41能定量、快速吸附水中的痕量Pb2+,其静态饱和吸附容量为2.5 mg/g。吸附在中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41上的Pb2+可用0.2 mol/L EDTA完全洗脱。其他金属离子共存不影响铅的测定。洗脱铅后的吸附材料经再生可循环使用10次以上。Pb2+的线性范围为0.5~30 mg/L,富集后方法检出限(3σ)为0.05μg/L,对5 mg/L的Pb2+溶液平行测定11次,相对标准偏差为1.2%,加标回收率为98%~104%。该方法用于环境水样中铅的测定,结果满意。     

冠醚壳聚糖多孔微球选择性富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测定绒柄牛肝菌中的痕量铅

报道了用冠醚壳聚糖多孔微球选择性富集绒柄牛肝菌中痕量铅并用石墨炉原子吸收法测定.DB-18-crown-6-CTS多孔微球在pH5.5时,对Pb2+的富集率达到98%.吸附的Pb2+能用5 mL 2 mol/L的HCl定量洗脱,洗脱率98.1%.Pb2+被洗脱后,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定.该方法的富集倍数为100倍,检出限(3σ)为0.085μg/L,相对标准偏差小于2.8%,用于分析绒柄牛肝菌样品,回收率为94.5%～102%.     

嵌段中孔材料SBA-15(SH)的制备及应用

采用共表面活性剂法和嫁接法合成了孔道结构高度有序、粒径均匀且孔径较大的嵌段中孔材料SBA-15(SH),通过N2吸附脱附实验测得材料的孔径为7.8 nm,比表面积为629 m2/g,孔容为1.32 cm3/g,核磁共振与红外光谱结果显示巯基的覆盖率达65%。探讨了嵌段中孔材料SBA-15(SH)动态吸附重金属离子的原理和最佳条件。在pH=7.5,常温下,Hg2+,Cd2+,Pb2+,Ag+,Cr3+,Cr6+,Cu2+,Mn2+和Zn2+可被该材料定量吸附,动态吸附容量分别为17.1,18.7,22.6,12.7,9.7,10.8,10.8,19.2和15.5 mg/g,吸附的重金属离子可用6 mol/L HCl-2 g/L硫脲洗脱,采用原子荧光和原子吸收法测定过柱前后溶液及洗脱液中重金属离子的含量,加标回收实验显示回收率在89.2%～109.6%之间。本方法用于环境水样的处理和测定,结果满意。     

氧化石墨烯/硫杂杯芳烃复合材料富集分离-石墨炉原子吸收法测定痕量铊

自制了一种新型氧化石墨烯/硫杂杯芳烃复合材料,用扫描电镜、红外光谱、元素分析、热分析对合成产品进行表征,用于痕量铊的富集,提出了氧化石墨烯/硫杂杯芳烃复合材料分离预富集,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量铊的一种新方法,探讨了溶液pH值、温度、洗脱条件及干扰离子对痕量铊分离富集的影响,结果发现该材料对Tl3+具有较大吸附量。在pH 8.0,温度为(23±1)℃条件下,铊可被该材料定量吸附,其吸附容量为73.1 mg/g。吸附的铊可被5.0 mL酸性硫脲(0.5 mol/L HCl+1.0 mol/L硫脲)完全洗脱,方法的线性范围为0.012~15μg/L,检出限(3σ)为0.008μg/L,对0.50μg/L Tl3+工作液测定的RSD(n=7)为2.3%,加标回收率为93.6%~104.1%。此法用于生物样品和环境水样中痕量铊的测定,结果满意。     

中孔分子筛P1 23-SH分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定礼花弹中银

制备了中孔分子筛P123-SH,并对其用于吸附银离子的条件进行了探索。试验发现在温度为(20±1)℃,介质pH值为3.6时,振荡吸附10 min,吸附容量为15.97 mg·g~(-1),吸附率可达98.5%。吸附在中孔分子筛P123-SH上的银离子可用0.2 mol·L~(-1)盐酸-0.1 mol·L~(-1)硫脲溶液5 mL完全洗脱回收,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定洗脱液中痕量银的含量。银的质量浓度在0.008～0.24 mg·L~(-1)范围内与其吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3σ)为0.64μg·L~(-1)。方法用于礼花弹样品中银含量的测定,加标回收率在97.5%～115.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)为2.4%。     

石墨炉原子光谱法测定工业废渣中痕量元素砷、铅、铬、钡、银

建立了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定检测工业废渣中痕量元素砷、铅、铬、钡、银的方法。采用悬浮进样,硝酸-硫酸混合酸溶解样品。10g/L Mg(NO3)2作基体改进剂,提高了砷的灰化温度,加入10g/L CaCO3防止钡在石墨炉中形成不易挥发的碳化钡,增加了钡的灵敏度。回收率为98%～112%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.22%～4.46%。As的线性范围2～80μg/L,Pb的线性范围1～60μg/L,Cr的线性范围0.5～20μg/L,Ba的线性范围5～150μg/L,Ag的线性范围1～100μg/L。     

二乙烯三胺键合硅胶的制备及其对痕量铜(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

以二乙烯三胺为改性剂,对硅胶进行表面修饰,制备了二乙烯三胺改性硅胶吸附材料,采用傅立叶红外光谱仪(IR)对其进行表征,用静态法考察了该吸附材料对痕量铜(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。在p H 5.5,35℃下恒温振荡50 min,Cu2+,Cd2+能同时被吸附材料很好的吸附,吸附的Cu2+,Cd2+可用0.5 mol/L硫脲+0.2 mol/L HNO3完全洗脱。其静态饱和吸附容量分别为16.63,24.86 mg/g。对2.0 mg/L的Cu2+,Cd2+的标准溶液液进行11次测定,相对标准偏差分别为3.3%和1.5%,检出限(3σ,n=11)分别为5.90,3.77μg/L。加标回收率分别95%~101%和99%~104%。方法可用于实际矿样中痕量铜、镉的测定。     

便携式电动流动分析系统同时富集测定矿泉水中铬(Ⅵ)和镉(Ⅱ)

研究了电渗泵性能的改进以及双向电堆积系统各种参数对富集倍数的影响。提出一种电渗驱动与双向电堆积相结合的便携式电动流动分析系统,并采用石墨炉原子吸收法对矿泉水中铬(Ⅵ)和镉(Ⅱ)进行了同时富集和测定。检出限为9ng/L Cr(Ⅵ)和10ng/L Cd(Ⅱ)(n=11,3倍空白标准偏差)。加入相当于样品含量的Cr(Ⅵ)和Cd(Ⅱ),回收率分别为(105～107)±2％和(104～106)±2％(n=3)。     

微乳相萃取分离富集-原子吸收光谱法分析铬形态

建立了一种微乳相萃取分离-石英双缝管原子捕集火焰原子吸收光谱法(STAT-FAAS)分析环境水样中铬形态的新方法。该方法中,Cr(Ⅲ)与8-羟基喹啉反应形成的疏水性配合物,经萃取进入微乳相,Cr(Ⅵ)留在水溶液中,从而实现Cr(Ⅲ)与Cr(Ⅵ)的相互分离。Cr(Ⅵ)含量的测定通过过氧化氢溶液将Cr(Ⅵ)还原为Cr(Ⅲ),按同样方法分析。实验对微乳相萃取的主要影响因素进行了优化。结果表明,经优化后实验条件为:平衡温度80℃,平衡时间10min,溶液酸度pH=9.0,NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液用量2.0mL,8-HQ用量0.05mmol;TritonX-100微乳液组成:m(TritonX-100):m(正戊醇):m(正己烷):m(水)=3.0:15:1.5:4.0。在此条件下,萃取的富集倍数达到25倍(50mL起初样品溶液/2mL最终测定液),线性范围为2.5～500μg/L,检出限为0.62μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.8%(n=10,c=10μg/L)。本方法已成功地应用于电镀废水中铬形态分析。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定生物样品中的铊

为建立测定生物样品中铊的石墨炉原子吸收法,通过微波消解,采用基本改进剂,改变石墨炉灰化温度等操作条件,提高了该法的准确度和精密度.结果表明,方法的线性范围为0～100 μg/L;检出限:血为0.10 mg/L;尿为0.02 mg/L;头发为0.20 mg/kg;回收率:血为83.1%～108%;尿为89.6%～105%...     

A two-step extraction method for differentiating chromium species in water

The hexavalent Cr species Cr(VI) in natural waters can be quantitatively extracted by diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) in the pH range 4.0–4.5 into chloroform, followed by back-extraction into a Hg(II) solution for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The trivalent Cr(III) species can be oxidized to Cr(VI) by KMnO₄ and then extracted by the DDTC-Hg(II) procedure. The proposed two-step extraction method combined with GFAAS is suitable for Cr speciation studies in natural water systems.     

Atomic absorption spectrometric screening and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of organotin compounds in marine mussels: an application in samples from the Venetian Lagoon

A new analytical approach for the determination of organotin compounds (OTC) in mussel samples has been developed and evaluated. A preliminary step, performed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for the total tin determination may be followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC/ MS) speciation only for the characterization of those samples exhibiting total tin concentration higher than 30 ng/g wet weight (GFAAS limit of detection). The GFAAS method was optimized using Pd nitrate under reducing conditions as matrix modifier to minimize NaCl interferences. Organotins were derivatized with a Grignard reagent for GC/MS analysis (TBT limit of detection = 80 ng/g). An application of this strategy was performed on mussel samples collected from the Venetian Lagoon.     

Determination of trace elements in lithium niobate crystals by solid sampling and solution-based spectrometry methods

Solid sampling (SS) graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and solution-based (SB) methods of GFAAS, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were elaborated and/or optimized for the determination of Cr, Fe and Mn trace elements used as dopants in lithium niobate optical crystals.     

润滑油中痕量铜的石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定

润滑油、Tween80、1%硝酸溶液三种组分按1.5∶3∶21的体积比可形成稳定的微乳液.采用标准加入法,微乳液直接进样,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定润滑油中铜.进样量为20μL,对最佳原子化条件进行了试验.方法的精密度为5.1%,检出限为0.055mg.L-1,回收率为96.7%～105.0%.     

Evaluation of electrodeposited tungsten chemical modifier for direct determination of chromium in urine by ETAAS

The direct determination of chromium in urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) using graphite tubes modified with tungsten is proposed. Modification of the graphite is made by tungsten electrodeposition over the whole surface atomizer followed by carbide formation by heating the tube inside its own furnace. For tungsten electrocoating, the graphite tube and a platinum electrode were connected to a power supply as cathode and anode, respectively, and immersed in a solution containing 2 mg of W in 0.1% v/v HNO₃. Then, 5 V was applied between the electrodes during 20 min for tungsten electrodeposition over the whole atomizer. A SpectrAA 220 Varian atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with a deuterium background corrector was used throughout. Undiluted urine (20 μl) was delivered over the tungsten-treated tube and the chromium-integrated absorbance was measured after applying a suitable heating program with maximum pyrolysis at 1300 °C and atomization at 2500 °C. With electrodeposited tungsten modifier, the tube lifetime increased up to four times when compared to previous published methods for Cr determination in urine by ETAAS, reaching 800 firings. Method detection limit (3 S.D.) was 0.10 μg l⁻¹, based on 10 integrated absorbance measurements of a urine sample with low Cr concentration. Two reference materials of urines (SRM 2670) from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were analyzed for method validation. For additional validation, results obtained from eight human urine samples were also analyzed in a spectrometer with Zeeman effect background correction.     

Determination of Ni and Cr in soils by slurry graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

The analytical conditions for chromium and nickel determination in soils by slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) are presented. Stability tests for slurries have been carried out. The ratio of the amount of the analyte found in the liquid phase to the total amount is investigated. The influence of the soil matrix on the background is described. Less sensitive resonance lines of chromium rather than an internal gas flow through the graphite furnace are recommended for some soil samples with high contents of chromium.     

Slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of chromium after separation/enrichment by mercaptoundecanoic acid modified gold coated TiO2 nanoparticles

In this study, a novel preconcentration/separation technique based on the slurry analysis of chromium loaded on mercaptoundecanoic acid modified TiO₂ core-Au shell nanoparticles prior to its determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was described. For this purpose, at first, TiO₂ nanoparticles were coated with gold shell and then modified with mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA). Cr (III) was collected on the prepared sorbent by conventional batch technique. After separation of liquid phase, slurry of the sorbent was prepared and directly introduced into graphite furnace of atomic absorption spectrometry. By this way, all drawbacks due to elution procedure were eliminated. Optimum conditions for quantitative sorption and preparation of the slurry were investigated. The chromium in certificated sea-water and spiked drinking water was recovered in the range of 95% confidence level. The proposed technique was fast and simple as well as the risks of contamination and loss during elution were low. The limit of detection (3σ, N = 10) was 0.34 μg L^{− 1}.