纳秒脉冲放电等离子体射流特性

采用单针式电极,使用单极性重复频率脉冲电源,在常压氦气、氩气、氮气和空气中得到等离子体射流,并改变电压、流量和气体种类,分别观察不同的实验条件对等离子体射流的影响。实验结果表明:射流长度随施加电压的增加而增长;随着流量的连续变化,射流长度先逐渐变长,达到峰值后由于湍流影响,长度又逐渐缩短,达到一定流量后趋于饱和。此外,不同工作气体中的等离子体射流呈现截然不同的外观,氦气和氩气中射流呈针状模式,长度可达7 cm以上;而在氮气和空气中,射流呈现为长度不超过2 cm的刷状模式。     

纳秒脉冲放电等离子体射流特性

采用单针式电极,使用单极性重复频率脉冲电源,在常压氦气、氩气、氮气和空气中得到等离子体射流,并改变电压、流量和气体种类,分别观察不同的实验条件对等离子体射流的影响。实验结果表明：射流长度随施加电压的增加而增长;随着流量的连续变化,射流长度先逐渐变长,达到峰值后由于湍流影响,长度又逐渐缩短,达到一定流量后趋于饱和。此外,不同工作气体中的等离子体射流呈现截然不同的外观,氦气和氩气中射流呈针状模式,长度可达7 cm以上;而在氮气和空气中,射流呈现为长度不超过2 cm的刷状模式。     

大气压冷等离子体射流研究进展

有许多种方法可用于在大气中产生等离子体射流,冷等离子体（离子温度在室温附近）射流即是其中的一种.近年来,人们发现氦气或其它惰性气体通过毛细管介质阻挡放电形成的冷等离子体射流具有类似子弹的传输特性,在有机材料表面改性、等离子体医学等领域获得了广泛的应用.通过专门设计的一系列实验,我们逐渐揭示了其产生机理,并深入研究了传输特性.文章简要介绍近年来我们所做的有关大气压冷等离子体的实验过程以及获得的一些重要结论.在对这种等离子体深入了解的基础上,作者还开发了一种新装置,该装置的最大特点是既利用了氦气在辅助放电方面的特性,又不消耗这种昂贵的资源;并且它还特别适合于在臭氧层修复、等离子体医学等方面的应用.     

Influence of oxygen addition on the discharge characteristics of an argon plasma jet at atmospheric pressure

Plasma jet is an important low-temperature plasma source in extensive application fields. To promote the production of active oxygen species, oxygen is often introduced into the inert working gas. However, the influence of oxygen content on the discharge characteristics of an argon plasma jet is not clear. Aim to this status, an argon plasma jet in a single-electrode geometry is employed to investigate the influence of oxygen concentration (C_O) on discharge aspects. Results indicate that with increasing C_O (≤ 0.6%), the plume transits from a diffuse morphology to a hollow structure. Electrical and optical measurements reveal that both discharge number per voltage cycle and pulse intensity alter with varying C_O. Moreover, discharge morphologies of negative and positive discharges obtained by fast photograph also shift with varying C_O. Besides, optical emission spectra are collected to investigate atomic C_O, electron density, and electron temperature. The results mentioned above are explained qualitatively, which are believed to be of great significance for the applications of atmospheric pressure plasma jet.     

大气压直流氩等离子体射流工作特性研究

介绍了一种新型大气压直流双阳极等离子喷枪,并对其电特性参数和发射光谱进行了测量.通过对氩等离子体射流的电信号进行时域和频域分析,研究了载气流量和弧电流的变化对射流脉动的影响,结果表明氩等离子体电弧的伏安特性呈上升趋势,射流脉动属于接管模式,电源特性中的交流分量引起的电压波动是影响氩等离子体射流脉动的主要因素. 通过光谱法测量了氩等离子体射流在弧室内和弧室出口的发射光谱,利用玻尔兹曼曲线斜率法计算了射流的激发温度,根据Ar I谱线的斯塔克展宽得到了射流的电子密度,并对等离子体射流满足局域热力学平衡(LTE) 关键词： 等离子喷枪 射流脉动 激发温度 局域热力学平衡     

大气压微波等离子体射流装置放电特性研究

基于同轴传输线结构设计了两种不同喷嘴结构的大气压微波等离子体射流(MW-APPJ)装置,其工作频率2.45 GHz,工作气体为氩气,分别研究了两种不同喷嘴结构对等离子体放电特性产生的影响。仿真结果表明,MW-APPJ在气体喷嘴处会产生高强度的电场,经过优化结构,实现在频率2.45 GHz下,喷嘴处的场强满足氩气电离的击穿场强阈值要求。同时,利用多物理场耦合仿真软件对装置的气流分布进行了稳态模拟,并通过实验对比分析了两种喷嘴结构下大气压氩等离子体射流的基本特性。实验结果表明,不同的喷嘴结构会影响等离子体装置的反射系数随输入功率的变化规律,但并不影响等离子体射流长度随输入功率的变化规律和反射功率随进气流量的变化规律;同时,在大气压下,稳态微波等离子体射流呈现出类金属性,等离子体中的电子只能在很薄的区域中吸收微波能量,因而造成微波的反射功率较大。     

On plasma parameters of a self-organized plasma jet at atmospheric pressure

Electron temperature and electron concentration in the active zone of a miniaturized radio frequency (RF) non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet in argon have been determined using two independent approaches: the spectroscopic measurement of the broadening of Balmer H_b_\beta and H_g_\gamma lines and a time-dependent, spatially two-dimensional fluid model of a single discharge filament. The plasma source has been configured as a capacitively coupled RF jet (27.12 MHz, 8 W generator output power) with two outer ring electrodes around a quartz capillary with diameter of 4.0 mm between which Ar flows at typical rates of 0.3 slm. The discharge has been operated in a self-organized mode, where equidistant, stationary filaments rotate regularly with a constant frequency at the inner wall of the outer capillary. For the purpose of calculating the spectral line broadening different models applicable at higher electron concentration have been evaluated. Resulting electron concentrations are between 2.2 and 3.3 × 1014 cm^-3. The calculation according to the line broadening model provides electron temperatures between 20 000 and 30 000 K which is in agreement with the results of the fluid model calculations. Here, a broad radial profile with a maximal value of about 22 000 K in the centre of the column and an electron concentration of about 7 × 10¹³ cm^-3 have been obtained. Moreover, the results of the model calculations reveal a structural change of the filament from the dielectric surface through the sheath to the column. The axially inhomogeneous region has an extension of about 0.5 mm. In the column a concentration of about 10¹³ cm^-3 has been found for the excited argon atoms, whose collisions with electrons represent the most important ionization channel there.     

一种大气压放电氦等离子体射流的实验研究

大气压介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体射流获得了广泛的应用.但是到目前为止,人们对其形成机理仍不甚清楚.为此,本文对其进行了一系列的实验研究.与其他采用高速CCD进行的研究不同,本文研究的主要手段是两个带有狭缝的光电倍增管,数码相机和电学测量.虽然这些实验条件相对比较简陋,但是本文仍然根据这些实验结果探讨了等离子体射流的形成机理,传输特性,以及影响等离子体射流长度的实验参数,并发现了“电荷溢流”现象. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 电晕放电 大气压等离子体射流 电荷溢流     

Helium/oxygen atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment for hydrophilicity improvement of grey cotton knitted fabric

The influence of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment on the hydrophilicity of grey cotton knitted fabric (GCKF) was investigated. For comparison, specimens which had undergone different treatments were tested by contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier-transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results imply that helium/oxygen APPJ could improve the hydrophilicity of GCKF by modifying the surface properties. In addition, combining dewaxing processes with He/O₂ APPJ treatment was found to tremendously improve the hydrophilicity of GCKF. The mechanism of this was also confirmed by Ruthenium Red staining which showed most of pectic substances inside the cotton fiber existed beneath the waxy layer and on top of the cellulose microfibril.     

Basic characteristics of an atmospheric pressure rf generated plasma jet

A plasma jet has been developed which operates using radio frequency (rf) power and produces a stable homogeneous discharge at atmospheric pressure. Its discharge characteristics, especially the dependence of stable discharge operating range on the feed gas, were studied, and the electric parameters such as RMS current, RMS voltage and reflected power were obtained with different gas flows. These studies indicate that there is an optimum range of operation of the plasma jet for a filling with a gas mixture of He and O_2. Two "failure" modes of the discharge are identified. One is a filamentary arc when the input power is raised above a critical level, another is that the discharge disappears gradually as the addition of O_2 approaches 3.2%. Possible explanations for the two failure modes have been given. The current and voltage waveform measurements show that there is a clear phase shift between normal and failure modes. In addition, I－V curves as a function of pure helium and for 1% addition of oxygen have been studied.     

常压微波等离子体炬装置的模拟与设计

 介绍了一台低成本的常压微波等离子体炬设备,给出了该设备构造及喷嘴的设计思路,分析了各种气体的非磁化微波等离子体的击穿电场强度,数值求解了设备中矩形TE103谐振腔中的电磁场分布,应用高频电磁场模拟分析软件HFSS优化了喷嘴在波导中的具体位置,并对优化后喷嘴周围的电场分布进行了模拟。模拟结果表明：微波输入有效功率为500 W,喷嘴伸出矩形波导1 mm时,喷嘴尖端处的电场强度在1.2×10⁶ V·m^-1以上,远大于氩气的击穿电场强度,更易于等离子体炬的激发。实验结果证明了模拟结果的正确性和装置的有效性。     

常压微波等离子体炬装置的模拟与设计

介绍了一台低成本的常压微波等离子体炬设备,给出了该设备构造及喷嘴的设计思路,分析了各种气体的非磁化微波等离子体的击穿电场强度,数值求解了设备中矩形TE103谐振腔中的电磁场分布,应用高频电磁场模拟分析软件HFSS优化了喷嘴在波导中的具体位置,并对优化后喷嘴周围的电场分布进行了模拟。模拟结果表明：微波输入有效功率为500 W,喷嘴伸出矩形波导1 mm时,喷嘴尖端处的电场强度在1.2×106 V·m-1以上,远大于氩气的击穿电场强度,更易于等离子体炬的激发。实验结果证明了模拟结果的正确性和装置的有效性。     

Plasmid DNA damage induced by helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Recently demonstrated ghost interference using correlated photons of different frequencies, has been theoretically analyzed. The calculation predicts an interesting nonlocal effect: the fringe width of the ghost interference depends not only on the wave-length of the photon involved, but also on the wavelength of the other photon with which it is entangled. This feature, arising because of different frequencies of the entangled photons, was hidden in the original ghost interference experiment. This prediction can be experimentally tested in a slightly modified version of the experiment.     

Expansion dynamics of atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet in ambient air

In this work, the expansion dynamics of a helium plasma jet in ambient air is examined. By using a fast imaging technique, the expansion of plasma jet from glass nozzle to air is captured which is in the form of plasma bullet propagating into the air. To understand the plasma bullet travel path from glass nozzle to plasma jet tip a drag force model is used. Moreover, the spatial variation of plasma density along the plasma jet length is estimated using drift velocity, plasma jet current and the cross-sectional area of the plasma jet. It is observed that the slight increase in plasma density is due to the combined effect of reduction of drift velocity, plasma jet current, and jet cross-sectional area. The obtained plasma density from glass nozzle to jet tip is in the range of (0.069-5.96) × 10¹² cm⁻³. The above parameters can be of the essence in biological and industrial applications.     

Comparison of two cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet configurations in argon

The present study compares the operation of two cold atmospheric plasma jet (CAPJ) configurations: needle-to-cylinder electrode configuration (CAPJ I) and single high-voltage cylinder electrode around the quartz tube (CAPJ II). The CAPJs were operated in argon flowing through a quartz capillary with 0.5-mm inner diameter into the ambient air, and the plasma was generated by sinusoidal kHz frequency AC power supplies. The main emphasis of the study was on the mechanism of the initiation of ionization waves for these two configurations. For both CAPJs, there appeared several ionization waves during one half-period of the applied voltage waveform, and the number of ionization waves increased at higher voltage amplitudes. However, we discovered marked differences in the initiation of the ionization waves for two different CAPJ configuration. The applied voltage controlled the initiation of consecutive ionization waves, which propagated from the grounded electrode towards the tube orifice in CAPJ I. In the case of CAPJ II, certain time had to pass for the initiation of a new ionization wave, and subsequent ionization waves within the same half-period started at the tube orifice. In addition to the differences in the initiation of the ionization waves, we observed that the CAPJ I was ignited and sustained at lower voltages, while CAPJ II produced a longer plasma jet. The observed advantages and deficiencies of investigated CAPJ configurations point out their potential in different applications.     

微秒脉冲激励的大气压氦等离子体射流放电特性

研究了不同电极结构以及放电参数对微秒脉冲激励的氦等离子体射流放电特性的影响。实验中采用不同管内径、不同电极形状、不同重复频率等参数, 通过采集放电阶段的电流电压图、发光图像以及发射光谱等, 对等离子体射流的电学特性和光学特性进行诊断。实验结果表明, 随着管内直径的增大, 氦等离子体射流的长度减小;管内径为8 mm时, 等离子体射流的击穿电压与放电电流最小, 同时, 其发射光谱中第二正带系N2, N+2和O等高能活性粒子的强度最高;管内径为5 mm的等离子体射流的放电电流、功率及消耗的能量最大;在相同实验条件下, 针尖电极结构中的放电电流、消耗的功率还有发射光谱强度都较大;随着重复频率的增加, 氦等离子体射流的长度会增加, 但击穿电压减小。     

微秒脉冲激励的大气压氦等离子体射流放电特性北大核心CSCD

研究了不同电极结构以及放电参数对微秒脉冲激励的氦等离子体射流放电特性的影响。实验中采用不同管内径、不同电极形状、不同重复频率等参数,通过采集放电阶段的电流电压图、发光图像以及发射光谱等,对等离子体射流的电学特性和光学特性进行诊断。实验结果表明,随着管内直径的增大,氦等离子体射流的长度减小;管内径为8mm时,等离子体射流的击穿电压与放电电流最小,同时,其发射光谱中第二正带系N2,N+2和O等高能活性粒子的强度最高;管内径为5mm的等离子体射流的放电电流、功率及消耗的能量最大;在相同实验条件下,针尖电极结构中的放电电流、消耗的功率还有发射光谱强度都较大;随着重复频率的增加,氦等离子体射流的长度会增加,但击穿电压减小。     

Measurement of optical signals as a plasma propagation in the atmospheric pressure plasma jet columns

The propagation of plasma jets with argon gas is characterized in terms of two factors, the effect of electric field distribution along the tube and the effect of voltage polarity, from the observed results of optical signals along the entire column of plasma. The optical signal of plasma propagates from the high electric-field region of high-voltage electrode toward the low field region of the open air-space, regardless of the polarity of the voltage. The optical intensity and the propagation velocity are higher for the positive voltage than for the negative voltage. Moreover, the length of plasma plume exited from the end of the glass tube into the open air is shorter for the negative voltage. When the optical intensity is strong enough, a secondary peak signal follows the primary peak. In the plasma column on the inside of the glass tube, the optical intensity and the propagation velocity depend on the strength of the electric field; they are both high at the high-field region of voltage terminal and decay toward the end of the tube. The velocity is as fast as 10⁴ m/s at the high-field region and slows down to 10³ m/s at the low-field region of the glass-tube end. However, the plasma accelerates drastically to be (10⁴–10⁵) m/s after exiting the glass tube toward open air, even though the electric field is a quite low and thus the optical signal decays low before fading out. The experimental observations present in this report are explained with the propagation of the plasma diffusion waves.     

大气压冷等离子体喷枪气体温度的比较研究

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体喷枪装置,在大气压下流动气体(氩气和痕量氮气)中产生了稳定的喷射等离子体.通过拍摄喷枪发光照片,研究了喷射等离子体长度随气体流量的变化关系.利用高分辨率光谱仪采集等离子体羽处的发射光谱,通过对发射光谱中N+2的第一负系(B 2Σ+u→X 2Σ+g,390～391.6 nm)谱线拟合得到了射流等离...     

The effects of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet on attachment of osteoblast

Despite the high success rate of dental implant surgery, the failures are still being reported and investigation have been undergone to improve attachment of osteoblast on the surface of implant material. With increasing interest in non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NTAPPJ), the effects of it on the cellular mechanisms have been previously reported. Hence in this experiment, effects of NTAPPJ on osteoblast for improved attachment and possible application in dental implant surgery were investigated.Mouse osteoblast cells of MC3T3-E1 were first directly treated with NTAPPJ with air for various durations. Also to investigate the effects by culture media, culture media were separately treated with NTAPPJ for the same durations. Cell attachments were then assessed following 4 and 24 h of cell culture using Water Soluble Tetrazolium salt (WST) assay and confirmed by automated cell counter and examining under confocal laser microscope.The results showed that there was significantly improved osteoblast attachment with relatively short duration of NTAPPJ treatment. Also results indicated that NTAPPJ possibly improved osteoblast attachment through interactions with proteins in culture media that in turn interacted with cells.Hence the application of NTAPPJ on osteoblast improves cellular attachment and would be useful tool for dental implant surgery.