利用智能手机居家测量声速和重力加速度

利用两部智能手机,借助手机软件phyphox在家进行了多普勒效应实验.两部手机分别作为接收器和声源,让接收器和声源分别做自由落体运动,测得了接收频率和运动速度随时间的变化曲线,通过对数据的处理得到了声速和重力加速度值,并和理论值进行了对比,验证了用手机进行多普勒效应实验的可靠性,为以后实验的进行以及数据处理提供了参考.     

基于激光的测量技术在燃烧流场诊断中的应用

分析了工业发动机湍流燃烧场诊断的需求和面临的挑战,介绍了燃烧流场组分浓度、温度和速度等主要参数的激光测量技术,给出了其基本原理、在燃烧场诊断中的应用和国内外研究现状,分析了不同技术的特点及其适用性。简介了多参数综合诊断的作用和进展。对目前诊断和测量存在的主要问题和发展趋势进行了探讨。     

EAST中央控制系统

描述了EAST中央控制系统和EAST虚拟合作实验室系统的体系结构和各个部分的主要功能和设计思想。EAST中央控制系统主要功能是协调统一各个控制、诊断、采集子系统,为各个子系统提供统一的控制接口。EAST中央控制系统制定和规范了与各分控系统之间的通信协议,加强了对各分控系统的控制,统一和规范了控制数据的发布和控制参数的设置。系统按照功能模块设计和实施,有效地提高了系统的升级和扩展能力。     

基于虚拟仪器的舵机综合测试系统设计

为了在实验室条件下模拟舵机系统实际飞行时所受的气动载荷,实现舵机部件和整机的动静态测试,设计了基于虚拟仪器的舵机综合测试系统。针对舵机测试系统自动化化和综合化需求,基于PXI架构和LabWindows/CVI平台,完成了测试系统的硬件设计和软件设计,采用异步定时器实现了实时数据采集,采用tdms数据流实现了大容量高速数据的记录,运用多线程实现了良好的人机交互与流畅的曲线显示,采用ActiveX技术调用Excel实现了测试报表的自动生成。使用和测试结果表明,该测试系统显著提高了舵机测试的效率和精确度以及自动化水平,使用方便,性能稳定,为舵机性能测试和设计优化提供了可靠保障。     

基本型脉管制冷机的全三维数值模拟计算

建立了基本型脉管制冷机的三维物理和数学模型,在可压缩流动程序的基础上,开发了基本型脉管制冷机的三维非稳态可压缩交变流动与传热耦合计算的数值模拟计算程序。考察了截面平均参数在一个周期内随时间的变化情况,详细分析了脉管内的流场和温度场以及其他各主要参数的变化,对脉管制冷机的工作过程和制冷机理有了进一步的了解和认识,为脉管制冷机的结构改进和实用化奠定了一定的基础。     

传感器在固体熔化凝固实验中的运用

基于固体的熔化和凝固实验的传统做法,结合现代测量技术对其进行了改进,对晶体海波和非晶体石蜡的熔化和凝固进行了全程监控,取得了很好的实验效果并节省了实验时间,提高了实验的准确性.     

旋光仪的改进和实验功能拓展

设计制作了多功能旋光仪,通过光电采集系统和单片机控制电路,实现了光强的识别和记录,实现了旋转角、旋光率或溶液浓度测量结果的自动计算和显示,提高了测量的准确度和测量速度.     

办好理科基地,为建设创新型国家培养优秀的后备人才

北京师范大学国家物理学基础科学人才培养基地在建设过程中,坚持贯彻“以学生为本,加强基础,拓宽口径,强化创新意识和能力的培养,促进知识、能力和素质协调发展”的教育理念,改革和完善了课程体系,充实和更新了教学内容,加强了课程建设和教材建设的力度,改善了教学软硬件条件,师资队伍完成了新老交替,并始终保持在较高的水平上.基地建设10年来,人才培养质量逐年提高.     

基于数据模型的卫星XTCE文件设计及应用

对XTCE的内容和特点进行了介绍,给出了基于数据模型的卫星XTCE文件设计思路,详细描述了XTCE文件中空间系统,遥测遥控统一模型的设计方法,以及XTCE文件的应用方法;基于数据模型的卫星XTCE文件设计方法在实际项目中的应用表明,该方法可以快速、高效的进行XTCE文件的设计和修改,简化了卫星数据交换格式设计的流程,增强了数据交换格式的通用性和继承性,促进了各应用系统间的信息交换,提高了卫星研制的效率和可靠性。     

HL-2A装置辅助加热高压电源控制系统的设计与实现

研制了HL-2A装置LHCD和ECRH系统使用的高压电源,其电源拓扑分别为晶闸管交流调压型和星点控制型高压电源,通过高压脉冲调制器给LHCD和ECRH系统供电,采用了波头补偿、前馈和反馈相结合的控制方法,弥补了电源拓扑本身固有的瞬态特性不足和发电机输出的不稳定性,使电源输出电压输出平顶的稳定度优于1%。介绍了高压电源的主回路结构,对高压电源的控制进行了论述,同时给出了实验结果。     

Double- and multi-photon pair production and electron-positron entanglement

We investigate entanglement of electrons and positrons produced via absorption by a vacuum of two or several photons from two external electromagnetic waves. The waves are modelled by finite-length focused pulses. Structures of the arising electron and positron wave packets are investigated in the momentum and coordinate representations. Conditional and unconditional widths of these wave packets, as well as the Schmidt number K are found, and they are used to evaluate the degree of entanglement. The conditions are found when entanglement is large. It is shown that the highest entanglement can be reached at nonrelativistic energies of electrons and positrons. Possibilities of observing the entanglement effects in experiments on pair production are discussed.     

激光跟瞄仿真系统及两种跟瞄方法

基于OpenGL和大气传输光学分析的3维全数字仿真是激光跟瞄系统的重要研究手段。为提高跟踪和瞄准精度,从激光跟瞄仿真系统整体出发,研究了目标成像中的投影变换、成像与跟踪的关系、高精度跟踪现有算法的控制过程仿真等内容,并提出了基于大视口、目标大气传输图像序列的跟瞄仿真技术。说明了仿真系统中跟瞄精度分析的特点。就某仿真场景,设计了"头部顶点"和"两点提取"两种跟瞄方法,在不同大气湍流条件下得到了它们的跟瞄精度,说明应用该激光跟瞄仿真系统,能够预先设计、测试和验证一些跟瞄方法,帮助进行算法分析和改进,从而提高工作效率和节约成本。     

Bifurcation and Solitary Waves of the Combined KdV and mKdV Equation

Bifurcation, bistability and solitary waves of the combined KdV and mKdV equation are investigated systematically. At first, bifurcation and bistability are analyzed by selecting an integral constant as the bifurcation parameter. Then, different conditions expressed in terms of the bifurcation parameter are obtained for the existence of breather-like, algebraic, pulse-like solitary waves, and shock waves. All types of the solitary wave and shock wave solutions are given by direct integration. Finally, an approximate analytic method by employing the interpolation polynomials is utilized to give simpler forms for the pulse-like solitary wave solutions. In view of the references, our results are the most complete and the theoretical methods are the simplest hitherto.     

Fluid spheres and R- and T-regions in general relativity

R- and T-regions of spacetime are first defined in a particular coordinate system and then with the aid of the Schwarzschild vacuum solution are shown to represent the outside and inside of a black hole respectively. A certain class of interior solutions, relating to a perfect fluid, are also considered and it is found that these R- and T-solutions have distinct physical properties. The R-solutions are static, spherically symmetric, permanent, and have a classical analogue, while the corresponding T-solutions, which are wholly time dependent, are cylindrical, temporary, and do not have a classical analogue. It is shown that these T-solutions cannot be generated from their R-region counterparts. Particular T-solutions are also presented in which the corresponding fluid occupies the whole of a T-region. The fluid would under certain circumstances be black body radiation while for other cases the internal pressure is always greater than the density.     

HIAF及CiADS项目进展与展望

强流重离子加速器（HIAF）及加速器驱动嬗变研究装置（CiADS）是"十二五"期间国家优先安排建设的16项中的重大科技基础设施。本文介绍了HIAF及CiADS项目意义、科学目标、装置构成及主要特点,对项目实施进展进行了阶段性总结,并对未来发展进行了展望。High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) and China initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) are among 16 national research facilities built as a priority during China's Twelfth Five Year Plan. In this paper, the scientific feasibility, structures and the features of HIAF and CiADS are briefly summarized. Meanwhile, their present construction progresses are reported and their developments in the near future are outlined.     

高光谱遥感的发展与应用

阐述了高光谱遥感的特点、优势,以及在航空及航天领域的发展情况,列举了几种典型高光谱成像仪的光学系统原理和主要技术指标。在此基础上,概述了高光谱遥感在植被生态、大气环境、地质矿产、海洋、军事等领域的应用情况。最后对高光谱遥感发展趋势提出了几点建议,包括低反射率目标遥感、高信噪比、高空间分辨率及宽覆盖范围等方面。     

多脉冲强流直线感应加速器测控系统中仪器通信与控制

多脉冲强流直线感应加速器(LIA)测控系统中仪器设备数量大、种类多、总线类型复杂,其通信和控制直接影响装置运行的可靠性。在硬件上将众多仪器根据功能划分成不同的子系统,每个子系统仪器设备通过必要协议转换后和相应的前端设备服务器连接,然后接入测控系统网络;仪器设备的通信控制软件采用LabVIEW平台进行开发,前端设备服务器中的本地控制程序通过VISA或UDP协议与仪器通信,远程通信采用DataSocket技术;为了应对强烈的电磁干扰和高压冲击,对仪器供电系统以及Marx充电线路进行了多处隔离,同时采取优化网络结构和数据流向、采用UDP协议以及主从模式总线仲裁等措施提高软件的可靠性。这套系统目前应用于多脉冲强流LIA装置的调试试验中,运行稳定可靠,完全满足实验要求。     

Valence and core excitations in rare gas mono- and multilayers: Production,decay, and desorption of neutrals and ions

The aim of this survey is the understanding of the dynamics of medium to high energy excitations in simple condensed systems on very short time scales. For this purpose we examine the modifications of the electronic excitations and their evolution in rare gases (mainly Ar and Kr) due to a nearby metal surface (monolayer case) or by embedding into a rare gas condensate (multilayers). Ionic excitations are shifted to lower energies compared to the gas phase by polarization of the surroundings, while neutral excitations stay constant or are shifted to somewhat higher energies. This decreases the spacing between excitonic and ionic states from both sides. Deexcitation events can be analysed by linewidths for valence excitations, and by comparison of autoionisation and Auger spectra for core excitations. For monolayers, we conclude that excitonic states are unstable relative to ionic states but nevertheless are quite long-lived. For multilayers, only minor modifications relative to the gas phase are usually found. All electronic excitations in Ar and Kr mono- or multilayers lead to desorption of neutrals; core excitations in multilayers also lead to ions and cluster ions. The probable mechanisms in all cases are discussed, and open questions are pointed out.     

Physical and chemical phenomena occurring between solid ceramics and liquid metals and alloys at laser and plasma composite coatings formation: A review

The review describes the physical and chemical phenomena occurring between solid ceramics used as reinforcement and liquid metals and alloys used as matrix in the composite coatings. Initially, the properties of typical matrix metals as Ni, Co, Fe and alloys as Ni-based (NiCr, NiAl, NiCrAlY,…) and Co-based (Stellites) alloys in liquid state are described. Then, the phenomena related to the diffusion of some atoms such as nitrogen or carbon in liquid metals and alloys solidification are described. Subsequently, the phenomena at the interface between liquid metals and alloys and solid ceramics such as oxides or carbides during the coatings' formation are reviewed. Finally, the methods of composite coatings deposition using laser cladding and plasma transferred arc are described and the properties of the composite coatings related to their microstructure are discussed by taking into account the phenomena in melt-pool.     

Patterns and Symmetries in the Visual Cortex and in Natural Images

As borders between different entities, lines are an important element of natural images. Indeed, the neurons of the mammalian visual cortex are tuned to respond best to lines of a given orientation. This preferred orientation varies continuously across most of the cortex, but also has vortex-like singularities known as pinwheels. In attempting to describe such patterns of orientation preference, we are led to consider underlying rotation symmetries: Oriented segments in natural images tend to be collinear; neurons are more likely to be connected if their preferred orientations are aligned to their topographic separation. These are indications of a reduced symmetry requiring joint rotations of both orientation preference and the underlying topography. This is verified by direct statistical tests in both natural images and in cortical maps. Using the statistics of natural scenes we construct filters that are best suited to extracting information from such images, and find qualitative similarities to mammalian vision. PACS84.35+i 89.70.+c 87.57.Nk