Phospholipids of the cotton plant of variety S-6030

Summary 1. The decomposition of sphagnum moss and of an isolated preparation of lignin (DLA) by means of metallic sodium in liquid ammonia has been performed, and a phenolic fraction has been isolated with a yield of 0.89% from the moss and 10.2% from the lignin.2. The following phenols were isolated from the phenolic fraction and their yields were determined by paper and gas-liquid chromatography: 4-hydroxyphenylpropane, 1-and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-ols, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1-ol, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and p-hydroxybenzyl and vanillyl alcohols.3. The quantitative figures on the composition of the phenolic fraction of the decomposition products give grounds for assuming that the uncondensed structural fragments of sphagnum moss lignin are composed to the extent of two thirds of structural units of the p-hydroxyphenyl type joined to one another by -alkyl aryl ether bonds.4. Weighty evidence is given in favor of the assumption that sphagnum moss lignin contains as monomeric structural fragments vanillin and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, these being attached to the polymer chain by alkyl-aryl or aryl-aryl ether bonds.S. M. Kirov Belorussian Technologic Institute. Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Belorussian SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 77–83, January–February, 1975.     

Heterogeneous reactions of solid nickel(II) complexes

The influence of different modes of preparation on the stoichiometry of thermal decomposition of isothiocyanatonickel(II) complexes with ammonia was studied. It was found that the complex Ni(NCS)₂(NH₃)₄ (I) prepared by heterogeneous reaction undergoes decomposition in two steps (–2 NH₃, –2 NH₃), while for complex II, of the same composition but prepared by homogeneous reaction from solution, the decomposition proceeds in three steps (–1 NH₃, –1 NH₃, –2NH₃). Electronic and infrared absorption spectra were used for the study of the spectral properties of the starting complex. It was found that the different stoichiometries of thermal decompositions of complexes I and II do not cause differences in the bonding strength of the ammonia molecules (chemical factor); this effect is rather brought about by physical factors such as different imperfections of the crystal lattice.

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Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß der Herstellung auf die Stöchiometrie der thermischen Zersetzung von Amin-Komplexen des Isothiocyanatonickels wurde studiert. Der Zerfall des Komplexes Ni(NCS)₂(NH₃)₄ (I), hergestellt durch heterogene Reaktion, verlief in zwei Etappen (–2 NH₃, –2 NH₃). Beim selben Komplex (II), hergestellt durch homogene Reaktion in Lösung, wurden jedoch drei Etappen beobachtet (–1 NH₃, –1 NH₃, –2 NH₃). Die Eigenschaften des Ausgangsproduktes wurden durch Elektronen- und IR-Spektroskopie untersucht. Das unterschiedliche thermische Verhalten ist nicht auf eine verschiedene Bindungsstärke der NH₃ Moleküle, sondern auf physikalische Ursachen, wie z. B. Unregelmässigkeiten im Kristallgitter zurückzuführen.

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Résumé On a étudié l'influence des diverses méthodes de préparation sur la stoechiométrie de la réaction de décomposition thermique des complexes de l'isothiocyanate de nickel(II) avec l'ammoniac. On a établi que le complexe Ni(SCN)₂(NH₃)₄, (I), préparé rar réaction hétérogène, subit une décomposition en deux étapes (–2NH₃, –2NH₃), tandis que le complexe (II), de même composition, mais préparé par réaction homogène, à partir de solutions, se décompose en trois étapes (–1NH₃,–1NH₃, –2NH₃). Les propriétés spectrales du complexe initial ont été étudiées par absorption électronique et infrarouge. On a trouvé que les différences de stoechiométrie des réactions de décomposition thermique des complexes (I) et (II) n'apportaient pas de différences entre les énergies de liaison des molécules d'ammoniac (facteur chimique). C'est plutôt à des facteurs physiques, comme les différentes imperfections du réseau cristallin, que cet effet serait dû.

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(II) . , Ni(NCS)₂(NH₃)₄ (I), , (–2NH₃,–2NH₃). , II , , (–1 NH₃,–1 NH₃ –2NH₃). . , I II ( ), , .

     

Differential scanning calorimetry of chloroquine sulphate exposed to sun,heat and ultraviolet radiation

Chloroquine sulphate, like the phosphate, is an antimalarial formulation widely used in the tropics. The stability of such formulations is therefore of interest in the combat against malaria. A DSC study has been made of the effects of exposure to the sun, heat and UV radiation on the stability of chloroquine sulphate, similarly as performed earlier for chloroquine phosphate. When freshly recrystallized from a water-acetone mixture, chloroquine sulphate exhibits two endothermic peaks, at 169.4° and 204.7°, for the expulsion of crystal water (one molecule) and for the melting process, respectively. The exposure of chloroquine sulphate to the sun, heat and UV radiation leads to splitting of the peak for melting.

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Zusammenfassung Chloroquine-Sulfat ist ebenso wie das entsprechende Phosphatderivat ein in den Tropen weitverbreitet angewandtes Antimalaria-Präparat. Die Stabilität dieses Präparates hat damit Bedeutung für die Malariabekämpfung. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine Erweiterung einer Untersuchung über den Effekt der Einwirkung.von Sonne, Hitze und UV-Strahlen auf die Stabilität von Chloroquine-Phosphat auf Chloroquine-Sulfat. Aus Wasser-Aceton-Mischungen frisch kristallisiertes Chloroquine-Sulfat zeigt zwei endotherme Peaks bei 169,4 und 204,7 °C, die durch Abgabe von Kristallwasser (ein Molekül) bzw. durch den Schmelzvorgang bedingt sind. Wird Chloroquine-Sulfat der Sonne, Wärme oder UV-Licht ausgesetzt, so wird der dem Schmelzvorgang zuzuscheibende Peak aufgespalten.

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, -, , . . , . , , 169,4 204,7°, , , . , .

     

Effect of CO2 on O2 photo-adsorption on anatase

The presence of CO₂ on TiO₂ affects the process of oxygen photo-adsorption depending on the hydroxylation state of the surface. In dehydroxylated samples CO₂ blocks the formation of O ₃ ^– and O ₂ ^– . On H₂O₂/TiO₂ samples pretreated in the range of 150–200°C it leads to CO₂–O ₂ ^– species.

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, Cu(II). . .

     

IR-spectroscopic studies of strength and concentration of acid centers on V2O5/Al2O3 catalysts

The strength of protonic sites and the concentration of acid centers in V₂O₅/Al₂O₃ catalysts have been estimated according to pyridine and ammonium adsorption.

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V₂O₅/Al₂O₃.

     

A study of thermal preparation OF c-Mn2P4O12

With the application of thermogravimetry under quasi-isothermal-isobaric conditions, the reaction course of the calcination of Mn(H₂PO₄ · H₂O to give dimanganese cyclotetraphosphate has been studied. Isothermal calcination was also carried out in an electric furnace at various temperatures (200 min). The reaction products were analyzed by chromatography, IR and NMR spectrocopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The compositions of the calcinates were determined through extraction with various inorganic and organic solvents.

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Zusammenfassung Der Verlauf der Dimangan-cyclotetraphosphat ergebenden Kalzinierung von Mn(H₂PO₄)₂ · H₂O wurde thermogravimetrisch unter quasi-isothermen-isobaren Bedingungen untersucht. Isotherme Kalzinierung wurde auch im elektrischen Ofen (200 min) bei verschiedenen Temperaturen ausgeführt. Die Reaktionsprodukte wurden chromatographisch, IR- und NMR-spektroskopisch sowie röntgendiffraktometrisch analysiert. Die Zusammensetzung der kalzinierten Produkte wurde via Extraktion mit verschiedenen anorganischen und organischen Lösungsmitteln bestimmt.

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Mn(H₂PO₄ · H₂O. . . - , - - . .

     

Some remarks about butene-1 transformations on NaHY zeolite

Comments are given on the paper Alternative Interpretation of Infrared Spectra of the Zeolite NaHY+Butene-1 System of Forster and Seelemann /2/. Our previous paper /1/ was partly revised but the usefulness of comprehensive studies by infrared and temperature-programmed desorption methods has been emphasized.

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: NaHY+-1. [2]. [1] , - .

     

Steroid compounds of marine sponges. VII. Preparation of derivatives of sokotrasterol and halistanol sulfates and structure-activity interrelationships among these compounds

Five new sulfated derivatives of sokotrasterol and halistanol have been obtained: 24-nor-5-cholane-2,3,6,23-tetraol 2,3,6-tri(sodium sulfate); 24-nor-5-cholane-2,3,6,23-tetraol 2,3,6-tri(sodium sulfate) 23-palmitate; 24,25-dimethyl-5-cholestane-2,3,6-triol 3-(sodium sulfate); 24,25-dimethyl-5-cholestane-2,3,6-triol 6-(sodium sulfate); and 24,25-dimethyl-5-cholestane-2,3,6-triol 2,6-di(sodium sulfate). The inhibiting and membranolytic properties of the polysulfated steroids from sponges and their derivatives have been studied. It has been shown that physiological activity in this series of compounds depends on biphilicity.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 441–445, July–August, 1986.     

The isoconversional method for determination of energy of activation at constant heating rates

The isoconversional method for the determination of energies of activation from the reciprocal temperature at which a fraction of conversion was reached in experiments at differing constant heating rates is reviewed and amplified. The error introduced into the calculation of activation energy by the use of a linear approximation of the logarithm of the temperature integral is discussed. Methods for the correction of this error are developed and a table of correction factors are given.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Literaturübersicht über die und eine ausführliche Darstellung der Isokonversionsmethode zur Bestimmung von Aktivierungsenergien aus den Reziprokwerten derjenigen Temperaturen gegeben, bei denen ein bestimmter Konversionsgrad in Experimenten mit verschiedener Aufheizgeschwindigkeit erreicht wird. Der in die Berechnung der Aktivierungsenergie durch lineare NÄherung des Logarithmus des Temperaturintegrals eingehende Fehler wird diskutiert. Es werden Methoden zur Korrektur dieses Fehlers entwickelt und Korrekturfaktoren in Tabellenform angegeben.

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, . , . .

     

Kinetics of EDTA-catalyzed oxidation of Indigo Carmine by vanadium(V)

The reaction is first order both in vanadium(V) and substrate and is markedly inhibited by H⁺ ions. Kinetic evidence for the formation of a 11 complex of vanadium(V) and EDTA is obtained. The stability constant of this complex and its thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. A suitable mechanism is proposed.

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(V), H⁺. 11 (V) . . .