Nilsson平均场加邻近轨道对力模型对超铀区和稀土区核素的描述

利用严格可解的平均场加邻近轨道对力模型, 在区分质子和中子及冻结质子对激发两种情况下对超铀区核素^226—234Th, ^230—239U, ^236—243Pu, 及稀土区核素^160—170Er, ^166—176Yb, ^172—180Hf的结合能, 对激发能, 奇偶能差及偶偶核最低激发态转动惯量进行了计算并与实验结果进行了比较.     

平均场加区分质子和中子的邻近轨道对力模型及对超铀区核的统一描述

利用严格可解的平均场加区分质子和中子的邻近轨道相互作用对力模型,对超铀区部分大形变核进行了统一的描述.计算了^227—233Th,^232—239U,^236—243Pu同位素和同中异质素²²⁸Ra-²²⁹Ac-²³⁰Th-²³¹Pa-²³²U,²³²Th-²³³Pa-²³⁴U-²³⁵Np-²³⁶Pu,²³⁶U-²³⁷Np-²³⁸Puv-²³⁹Am的结合能,对激发能和奇偶能差并与相应核的实验值进行了比较     

IBM和IBFM在稀土区的应用

本文采用相互作用玻色子模型(IBM)和相互作用玻色子-费米子模型(IBFM)对稀土区的核进行了讨论.针对该区域核的特点,选用了Q.Q形式的Hamiltonian.计算了 ^182—186W,^186—187Os的能谱及¹⁸⁶W,¹⁸⁶Os的E2约化跃迁几率,理论结果与实验符合较好.     

A～100区Tc同位素能级结构的研究

用投影壳模型对¹⁰¹Tc的受激正/负宇称转晕态结构进行了探讨, 为了从定量结果中抽取出物理内容也作出了正宇称转晕带的能带图. 此外, 各自起源于3/2^－[301], 5/2^－[303]和1/2⁺[431]尼尔逊态的3个带也在这个模型框架下进行了分析. 到目前为止, 在Z～42—44区关于N=52—54的中间核性质知之甚少, 为了解这些"过渡核", 以⁹⁵Tc为例, 对其能级结构也进行了研究.     

能量修正的Glauber模型对中能反应总截面的影响

叙述了对Glauber模型中的透射系数进行半经验的能量修正,并利用该修正模型计算了^12—14C,⁶Li,⁷Be,⁸B+¹²C和⁶Li,⁷Be,⁸B+⁹Be以及²⁰Ne+¹²C,¹²C+²⁷Al等系统的激发函数(能区范围10—1000MeV/u),经与实验值比较,能量修正的Glauber理论计算值能够很好地描述中能条件下的反应总截面实验测量值.     

铅区核的结构(Ⅰ)207—210Tl、207,208Hg的能谱和波函数

用壳模型对^207—210T1和^207,208Hg的低激发态进行了系统计算,利用在铅区广泛使用的各种相互作用的计算结果都与实验符合得很好,表明这些有效相互作用对²⁰⁸T1一类核的描述也是有效的.     

描述中子辐射俘获截面非统计效应的统一表象

基于对俘获态及终态波函数的自洽描述,建立了计算核子辐射俘获反应非统计效应的统一表象.应用这一模型对²⁷Al、⁵⁵Mn、⁸⁹Y和²⁰⁸Pb等四个核素在中子能量为0。1—20MeV能区计算了中子辐射俘获截面,并与实验值进行了比较.     

关于P的结构模型(部分子分布)的检验

用不同的P部分子模型计算了高能P+P(P)对撞中双重P交换对J/ψ产生过程的贡献.对以胶子为主的Ingelman-Schlein模型,高能时截面随能量s以Ins或In²S平稳增加.在TeV能区σ(S)～10²—10³nb.对于认为P类似于C=+1同位旋标量光子的Donnachie-Landshoff模型,截面随行为复杂些,而σ(S)值仅为1—3nb,比前者小2—3个量级.因此如果认为两模型采用的参数值可靠,则此过程是检验它们的有效方法.文章就此作了质疑式的简短讨论.     

在LEPⅡ及NLC能量下e+e—→bb Z0 和 tt－Z0过程中Higgs粒子的观测效应

根据最小标准模型及双Higgs二重态的扩展标准模型理论,计算了LEPⅡ以及NLC能量下e⁺e^—→bb Z⁰ 和 tt－Z⁰的总截面和微分截面以探求Higgs粒子的观测效应.我们发现,只要Higgs粒子的质量M_H≤140GeV,对e⁺e^—→bb Z⁰的测量就能清楚地提供Higgs粒子的信息.然而对e⁺e^—→tt－Z⁰,不论Higgs粒子是轻或重,它的效应都被淹没在弱电过程的本底中,没有观测的可能.     

铅区核的结构(Ⅱ)208)Tl、208Pb和206—208)Hg的一级禁戒β衰变

用壳模型对²⁰⁸Tl、²⁰⁸Pb和^206—208)Hg的非唯一型一级禁戒β跃迁用不同的有效相互作用和模型空间进行了系统计算,计算的比较寿命Iogf非常敏感的依赖于有效相互作用. 对^206,208Hg的β衰变方式进行了比较.     

Nilsson mean-field plus the extended pairing model description of rare earth nuclei

The Nilsson mean-field plus the extended pairing model for well-deformed nuclei is applied to some representative rare earth examples. The binding energies, some low-lying pair-excited states and even-odd mass differences of Er, Yb and Hf isotopes are calculated systematically within the proton frozen-pair excitation limit. A comparison with experimental data for these nuclei shows that the results of the extended pairing model are better than those for the standard pairing model with the BCS approximation and the nearest-orbit pairing model.     

Er，Yb和Hf同位素的基态占有率（英文）

应用严格求解的Nilsson 平均场加推广对力模型,在同时考虑质子-质子和中子-中子间对力相互作用的情况下,对稀土区的152-164Er,154-166Yb 和156-168Hf 核素的结合能、奇偶能差、低激发态转动惯量等基态性质进行系统的统一描述。通过计算结果与实验数值比较分析显示,对力相互作用在阐明以上核素能谱的基态性质中起到了关键的作用。应用拟合上述物理量所确定的模型参数,对156-162Yb 核素基态中价核子配成角动量J = 0,1,… ,12的价核子对占有率的计算结果显示,配成角动量为偶数价核子对的占有率远远高于配成角动量为奇数价核子对的占有率,其数值结果揭示了配成角动量为S,D和G的价核子对在所考虑的核素基态性质中占主导地位。The Nilsson mean-field plus extended-pairing model for deformed nuclei is applied to describe the ground-state properties of selected rare-earth nuclei. Binding energies, even-odd mass differences, moments of inertia for the ground-state band of 152-164Er, 154-166Yb, and 156-168Hf are calculated systematically in the model employing both proton-proton and neutron-neutron pairing interactions. In comparison with the corresponding experimental data, it is shown that for these rare-earth nuclei, pairing interaction is crucial in elucidating the properties of the ground state. With model parameters determined by fitting the energies of these states, ground-state occupation probabilities of valence nucleon pairs with angular momentum J =0,1, …,12 for even-even 156-162Yb are calculated. It is inferred that the occupation probabilities of valence nucleon pairs with even angular momenta are much higher than those of valence nucleon pairs with odd angular momenta. The results clearly indicate that S, D, and G valence nucleon pairs dominate in the ground state of these nuclei.     

描述大形变核中对力的硬核Bose-Hubbard模型

讨论了一种描述大形变偶偶核邻近轨道对力相互作用近似的硬核Ｂｏｓｅ－Ｈｕｂｂａｒｄ模型．利用代数方法得到了该模型对激发谱和相应波函数的严格解．该结果可推广到具有任意自旋和有限格点的硬核Ｂｏｓｅ－Ｈｕｂｂａｒｄ和Ｆｅｒｍｉ－Ｈｕｂ－ｂａｒｄ模型中去．     

平均场加邻近轨道对力模型描述N=94同中异质素性质

利用严格可解的Nilsson平均场加邻近轨道对力模型,在区分质子和中子情况下,研究了大形变核的性质,主要计算了中子数为N=94的同中异质素的结合能、奇偶能差和转动惯量,并与相应的实验值进行了系统比较,结果表明此模型可以合理描述这些性质,正确反映原子核奇偶性质的变化规律。然后以偶偶核160Dy为例,研究了基态中各角动量J=0,1,...,12价核子对的占有率。结果表明,偶角动量占有率远高于奇角动量占有率,其中S,D,G价核子对各组份在基态波函数中是主要的。The Nilsson mean-field plus the nearest orbit pairing model for deformed nuclei is applied to investigate systematically the properties of the N=94 nuclei,employing both proton-proton and neutron-neutron pairing interactions.The binding energies,even-odd mass differences,moments of inertia are calculated and compared with the corresponding experimental data.The results show that this model can reasonably describe these properties.Further,the ground-state occupation probabilities of valence nucleon pairs with angular momentum J=0,1,...,12 for even-even 160Dy are calculated,and the results show that it is much higher for the even angular momenta than the odd angular momenta,and the S,D,G components in the ground-state wave function are dominant.     

能量密度泛函中不同对关联处理方式对原子核形变描述影响的探讨

在Skyrme能量密度泛函理论的框架下,研究了不同对关联处理近似,如Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov(HFB)、Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Lipkin-Nogami (HFBLN)及在HFBLN基础上考虑粒子数投影,对于原子核势能曲面计算及基态结合能的影响。同时,也研究了不同对力,如体积对力、表面对力及混合对力对结果的影响。研究的对象为典型的双幻核16O,40Ca,100Sn和208Pb,它们的基态为球形;还有典型的形变核48Cr,也研究了相应的Cr和Fe同位素链的结合能,最后讨论了对超重核298Fl的势能面计算。研究发现,对关联基本不改变形变极小点,但是由于对关联能的引入,对结合能会带来几个MeV的修正能量,HFB、HFBLN及投影计算的修正能量逐渐递增。对关联可以改变位能面最小点附近曲线的软度,使得形变较小点变浅,而在HFBLN基础上考虑粒子数投影,又可以让形变极小点变得更加明显。对关联也降低了位垒高度。在相同对关联处理近似下,混合对力与体积对力计算的势能面结果相接近,表面对力带来了更多的对关联能,对关联的效果更加显著。     

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis> = <Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">f</Emphasis><Subscript>7/2</Subscript>-shell nuclei: Experimental highlights

During the last decade, as the experimental and computing means and techniques have rapidly evolved, the experimental investigation of the f_7/2-shell nuclei has gained renewed interest. TheN = Z nuclei studied with the GASP array range from ⁴⁴Ti to ⁵²Fe. The results extended the knowledge of their structure up to high spins and excitation energies, above band terminations, where the competition with the charged-particles emission was initially thought to obscure the possibility of gamma-ray spectroscopy investigation. The paper highlights some of the most outstanding properties of these nuclei such as the nuclear rotation and backbending effects, band termination states, yrast traps, non-natural parity bands, competition between T = 0 and T = 1 pn pairing modes.Received: 30 October 2002, Published online: 16 March 2004PACS: 21.10.-k Properties of nuclei; nuclear energy levels - 21.60.Cs Shell model - 23.20.Lv transitions and level energies - 27.40. + z C.A. Ur: On leave from NIPNE Bucharest, Romania     

Investigation of the Mg isotopes using the shell-model-like approach in relativistic mean field theory

Ground state properties for Mg isotopes, including binding energies, one- and two-neutron separation energies, pairing energies, nuclear matter radii and quadrupole deformation parameters, are obtained from the self-consistent relativistic mean field (RMF) model with the pairing correlations treated by a shell-mode-like approach (SLAP), in which the particle-number is conserved and the blocking effects are treated exactly. The experimental data, including the binding energies and the one- and two-neutron separation energies, which are sensitive to the treatment of pairing correlations and block effects, are well reproduced by the RMF+SLAP calculations.     

A close look at the competition of isovector and isoscalar pairing in A=18 and 20 even-even N≈Z nuclei

competition of isovector and isoscalar pairing in A=18 and 20 even-even N≈Z nuclei is analyzed in the framework of the mean-field plus the dynamic quadurpole-quadurpole, pairing and particle-hole interactions, whose Hamiltonian is diagonalized in the basis U(24) ?(U(6) ? S U(3) ? S O(3))■(U(4) ? S US(2)■ S UT(2)) in the L = 0 configuration subspace. Besides the pairing interaction, it is observed that the quadurpole-quadurpole and particlehole interactions also play a significant role in determining the relative positions of low-lying excited 0~+ and 1~+ levels and their energy gaps, which can result in the ground state first-order quantum phase transition from J = 0 to J = 1.The strengths of the isovector and isoscalar pairing interactions in these even-even nuclei are estimated with respect to the energy gap and the total contribution to the binding energy. Most importantly, it is shown that although the mechanism of the particle-hole contribution to the binding energy is different, it is indirectly related to the Wigner term in the binding energy.