托卡马克中共振螺旋场对撕裂模的影响

本文在共振螺旋场(RHF)条件下,对撕裂模的时间演化过程进行了数值计算。在等离子体内部磁扰动与外加RHF的相位差不同时,分析了撕裂模的不同发展过程和结果。认为RHF可以最终改变托卡马克中的饱和磁岛宽度。     

托卡马克中撕裂模的抑制

本文分析与计算了共振螺旋场对自发撕裂模的抑制作用。通过解电阻MHD方程证实了螺旋场能使m=2的撕裂模增长速度减慢一倍左右。同时也讨论和计算了边界控制场对撕裂模的抑制作用。 关键词：     

托卡马克等离子体中撕裂模不稳定性研究

本论文共六章。第一章简要介绍了撕裂模不稳定性研究的发展历史及其重要意义。第二章描述了经典撕裂模的物理基础，包括基本方程组、物理图象、磁岛、旋转频率及m=1的撕裂模的特征。经典撕裂模是考虑等离子体的有限电阻之后，在奇异表面附近的磁力线就要断开和重连，并形成磁岛结构。撕裂模的不稳定性判据Δ′〉0时，模式是不稳定的。第三章概述了经典撕裂模的实验研究。     

托卡马克装置中等离子体环向旋转对三维响应场的影响

本文利用MARS-F程序,数值研究了HL-2M托卡马克装置高比压等离子体中,环向旋转对外加共振磁扰动场的响应特性的影响.研究发现,等离子体响应显著改变共振磁扰动的谱分布,并影响等离子体内部共振磁扰动场与共振磁扰动线圈电流相位差的依赖关系,从而改变有理面处径向扰动场的幅值.当边界旋转频率较小时,在最外有理面处,等离子体响应对外加共振磁扰动场有明显的放大效应.通常,边缘局域模的控制效果依赖于最外有理面处共振磁扰动场的幅度,因此可通过控制旋转剖面实现对共振磁扰动场的调控,进而优化边缘局域模的控制方案.     

等离子体轴向运动对撕裂模不稳定性影响研究

从电阻磁流体模型出发,详细推导了柱形位形下低β等离子体中包括等离子体宏观轴向运动效应的电阻性撕裂模线性不稳定性理论。数值研究发现：等离子体轴向运动速度本身对撕裂模具有明显的稳定作用,而轴向运动速度剪切的作用并不明显。分析表明：轴向运动通过改变扰动势函数和磁通函数之间的相位差(偏离π/2)来降低撕裂模增长率,同时产生一个较低的撕裂模频率。     

真空区域对反场收缩位形撕裂模不稳定性的影响

本文讨论了外面具有真空区域的反场收缩位形的撕裂模不稳定性。得到了关于位形稳定所需限制条件的解析表达式。发现等离子体外面具有真空区域的撕裂模稳定的反场收缩位形是可以实现的。     

HL-2A中环向旋转影响等离子体对共振磁扰动的响应过程

利用MARS-F代码在HL-2A装置下模拟等离子体对共振磁扰动的线性响应过程,研究了等离子体旋转频率对响应的影响.研究发现,扰动场在有理面上的屏蔽效应在旋转频率较大时随旋转增大而增强,但在旋转频率较小时电阻导致的屏蔽效果最强处较有理面的偏移会影响这一规律;扰动场在非有理面上的放大效应主要由芯部扭曲响应引起,且同时与等离子体旋转频率和电阻密切相关.     

自由边界载流等离子体柱的电阻螺旋模不稳定性的数值计算

本文采用两步隐式差分格式研究了自由边界载流等离子体柱的电阻螺旋模不稳定性。发现等离子体温度剖面越宽和越高,m=2的撕裂模的线性稳定就越好。计算结果与实验相符合。     

撕裂模研究中一类奇异边值问题的数值解法

在数值求解自洽螺旋平衡方程的基础上,计算了撕裂模不稳定性对电流分布的依赖关系,考虑了外螺旋场对安全因子的影响。我们采用了动态交替隐式法来加速平衡方程的收敛,用差分方法有效地处理了具有两个奇点的奇异边值问题。     

旋转圆柱等离子体中撕裂模和Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性的激发特性

采用约化的磁流体力学模型,数值研究了柱位形等离子体中q剖面和极向旋转剖面对q=1撕裂模不稳定性和Kelvin-Helmholtz(K-H)不稳定性的影响.随着旋转强度的增加,m/n=1/1模被逐渐抑制,而高阶谐波模式(如m/n=2/2,m/n=3/3等)会经历四个区间:撕裂模失稳区间、撕裂模致稳区间、稳定窗口区间和K-H不稳定性激发区间.更进一步,我们发现,m/n=1/1模的增长率随旋转强度的改变与剪切层所处位置有关,并且剪切层分布在有理面内外的结果基本一致;然而高阶谐波模式却没有此类现象.另外,有理面处磁剪切越小,撕裂模越容易被剪切流抑制,并且越容易激发K-H不稳定性.     

Forced magnetic reconnection and field penetration of an externally applied rotating helical magnetic field in the TEXTOR tokamak

The magnetic field penetration process into a magnetized plasma is of basic interest both for plasma physics and astrophysics. In this context special measurements on the field penetration and field amplification are performed by a Hall probe on the dynamic ergodic divertor (DED) on the TEXTOR tokamak and the data are interpreted by a two-fluid plasma model. It is observed that the growth of the forced magnetic reconnection by the rotating DED field is accompanied by a change of the plasma fluid rotation. The differential rotation frequency between the DED field and the plasma plays an important role in the process of the excitation of tearing modes. The momentum input from the rotating DED field to the plasma is interpreted by both a ponderomotive force at the rational surface and a radial electric field modified by an edge ergodization.     

Geodesic acoustic modes and zonal flows in toroidally rotating tokamak plasmas

The effect of equilibrium toroidal rotation on the rotational eigen-modes in large aspect ratio tokamak is studied. The case of equilibrium with uniform plasma density on magnetic surfaces is considered. It is shown that the toroidal rotation results in a frequency up-shift of ordinary Geodesic Acoustic Modes. A new unstable low frequency branch of the continuum modes is found. This mode appears as a consequence of the non-uniform plasma pressure created by the centrifugal force on the magnetic surfaces. This mode represents a linear eigen-mode counterpart of Zonal Flow modes. It is shown that the growth rate of such a mode increases with the increase of the angular velocity of toroidal rotation.     

Structure of the magnetic field of the Jovian magnetosphere

We exactly solved the problem of the interaction between the rotating magnetic field of Jupiter and the equatorial plasma disk formed by the gases flowing from the Jovian satellite Io. The disk is shown to expel the Jovian magnetic field in both directions, inward, toward Jupiter, compressing its dipole magnetic field, and outward. Jupiter spins up the disk up to velocities that correspond to nearly constant angular rotation, but with an angular frequency lower than the angular frequency of Jupiter itself. The radial velocity of the plasma in the disk approaches its azimuthal velocity. We determined the power of Jupiter’s rotational energy losses. Part of this energy is transferred to the disk, and the other part goes into heating the Jovian ionosphere. We show that the Pedersen surface conductivity of the Jovian ionosphere must have a lower limit to maintain the electric current that arises in the disk-rotating magnetic field system. This current in the Jovian magnetosphere flows only along the preferential magnetic surfaces that connect the inner and outer edges of the disk to the ionosphere.     

On the Gravitational Instability of an Ionized Magnetized Rotating Plasma Flowing Through a Porous Medium with other Transport Processes and the Suspended Particles

The effects of suspended particles and the finite thermal and electrical conductivities on the magnetogravitational instability of an ionized rotating plasma through a porous medium have been investigated, under varying assumptions of the rotational axis and the modes of propagation. In all the cases it is observed that the Jeans' criterion determines the condition of instability with some modifications due to various parameters. The effects of rotation, the medium porosity, and the mass concentration of the suspended particles on instability condition have been removed by (1) magnetic field for longitudinal mode of propagation with perpendicular rotational axis, and (2) viscosity for transverse propagation with rotational axis parallel to the magnetic field. The mass concentration reduces the effects of rotation. Thermal conductivity replaces the adiabatic velocity of sound by the isothermal one, whereas the effect of the finite electrical conductivity is to delink the alignment between the magnetic field and the plasma. Porosity reduces the effects of both the magnetic field and the rotation, on Jeans' criterion.     

Magnetogravitational Instability of a Thermally Conducting Rotating Plasma through a Porous Medium

Magnetogravitational instability of an infinite homogeneous, viscous, thermally conducting, rotating plasma flowing through a porous medium has been studied with the help of relevant linearized perturbation equations, using the method of normal mode analysis. Rotation is taken parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field for both, the longitudinal and the transverse modes of propagation. The joint influence of the various parameters do not, essentially, change the Jeans' criterion but modifies the same. The adiabatic velocity of sound is being replaced by the isothermal one due to the thermal conductivity. Porosity reduces the effects of both, the magnetic field and the rotation, in the transverse mode of propagation, whereas the rotation is effective only along the magnetic field for an inviscid plasma. The viscosity removes the effect of rotation in the transverse mode of propagation.     

Rotational properties of annulus dusty plasma in a strong magnetic field

The collective dynamics of an annulus dusty plasma formed between a co-centric conducting (non-conducting) disk and ring configuration is studied in a strongly magnetized radiofrequency (rf) discharge. A superconducting electromagnet is used to introduce a homogeneous magnetic field to the dusty plasma medium. In the absence of the magnetic field, the dust grains exhibit thermal motion around their equilibrium position. The dust grains start to rotate in the anticlockwise direction with increasing magnetic field (B > 0.02 T ), and the constant value of the angular frequency at various strengths of the magnetic field confirms the rigid body rotation. The angular frequency of dust grains linearly increases up to a threshold magnetic field (B > 0.6 T ) and after that its value remains nearly constant in a certain range of magnetic field. Further increase in magnetic field (B > 1 T ) lowers the angular frequency. Low value of the angular frequency is expected by reducing the width of the annulus dusty plasma or the input rf power. The azimuthal ion drag force due to the magnetic field is assumed to be the energy source which drives the rotational motion. The resultant radial electric field in the presence of a magnetic field determines the direction of rotation. The variation of floating (plasma) potential across the annular region at given magnetic field explains the rotational properties of the annulus dusty plasma in the presence of a magnetic field.     

Threshold Frequency of Helical Electron–Hole Plasma Instability

Experimental evidence on the dependence of the threshold frequency of silicon oscillistors on the threshold electric field strength, magnetic induction, temperature, and injecting-contact separation is presented. In the temperature interval, where the weak magnetic field criterion is roughly satisfied, the experimental results are shown to be adequately explained by the classical theory of the bulk helical instability of an extrinsic plasma. The threshold frequency in this temperature interval is determined by the sum of two components. One component is due to the ambipolar drift of helical plasma perturbations, and the other results from the presence of the charge-carrier concentration gradient in a direction normal to the vectors of the electric field strength and magnetic induction. In short oscillistors (0.85·10^–3, 2.38·10^–3 m) at 77 K, a semiconductor plasma, wherein the helical instability is excited, approximates an intrinsic plasma, and the threshold frequency is determined by the rotation rate of helical perturbations.     

Mode switching in a gyrotron with azimuthally corrugated resonator

The operation of a gyrotron having a cylindrical resonator with an azimuthally corrugated wall is analyzed. In such a device, wall corrugation cancels the degeneracy of the modes with azimuthally standing patterns. The coupling between these modes depends on the radius of electron beam. It is shown that such a gyrotron can be easily switched from one mode to another. When the switching is done with the repetition frequency equal to the rotational frequency of magnetic islands, this sort of operation can be used for suppression of neoclassical tearing modes in large-scale tokamaks and stellarators.     

Influence of Finite Larmor Radius with Finite Electrical and Thermal Conductivities on the Gravitational Instability of a Magnetized Rotating Plasma Through a Porous Medium

An infinitely extending homogeneous, self-gravitating rotating magnetized plasma flowing through a porous medium has been considered under the influence of Finite Larmor Radius (FLR) and other transport phenomena. A general dispersion relation has been derived through the linearized perturbation equations. Longitudinal and transverse modes of propagation have been discussed for the rotation with axis parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field. The joint influence, of the aforesaid parameters, does not essentially change the Jeans' criterion of instability but modifies the same. The adiabatic sonic speed has been replaced by the isothermal one due to the thermal conductivity. It is further observed that the FLR corrections have stabilizing effect for an inviscid, non-rotating plasma, in case of transverse propagation. Rotation decreases the Larmor radius, whereas the porosity reduces the effects of rotation, FLR, and the magnetic field. Viscosity removes the effects of both, the roation, and the FLR corrections.     

Toroidal plasma rotation induced by the dynamic ergodic divertor in the TEXTOR tokamak

The first results of the Dynamic Ergodic Divertor in TEXTOR, when operating in the m/n=3/1 mode configuration, are presented. The deeply penetrating external magnetic field perturbation of this configuration increases the toroidal plasma rotation. Staying below the excitation threshold for the m/n=2/1 tearing mode, this toroidal rotation is always in the direction of the plasma current, even if the toroidal projection of the rotating magnetic field perturbation is in the opposite direction. The observed toroidal rotation direction is consistent with a radial electric field, generated by an enhanced electron transport in the ergodic layers near the resonances of the perturbation. This is an effect different from theoretical predictions, which assume a direct coupling between rotating perturbation and plasma to be the dominant effect of momentum transfer.