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1.
Based on a weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme, the multiple interactions of a flame interface with an incident shock wave and its reshock waves are numerically simulated by solving the compressible reactive Navier–Stokes equations with a single-step Arrhenius chemical reaction. The two-dimensional sinusoidally perturbed premixed flames with different initial perturbed amplitudes are used to investigate the effect of the initial perturbation on the flame evolutions. The results show that the development of the flame interface is directly affected by the initial perturbed amplitudes before the passages of reshock waves, and the perturbation development is mainly controlled by the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability(RMI). After the successive impacts of multiple reshock waves, the chemical reaction accelerates the consumption of reactants and leads to a gradual disappearance of the initial perturbed information. The perturbation developments in frozen flows with the same initial interface as those in reactive flows are also demonstrated.Comparisons of results between the reactive and frozen flows show that a chemical reaction changes the perturbation pattern of the flame interface by decreasing the density gradient,thereby weakening the baroclinic torque in the flame mixing region, and therefore plays a dominant role after the passage of reshock waves. 相似文献
2.
High-speed tomographic PIV was used to investigate the coalescence of drops placed on a liquid/liquid interface; the coalescence
of a single drop and of a drop in the presence of an adjacent drop (side-by-side drops) was investigated. The viscosity ratio
between the drop and surrounding fluids was 0.14, the Ohnesorge number (Oh = μd/(ρdσD)1/2) was 0.011, and Bond numbers (Bo = (ρ
d
− ρ
s
)gD
2/σ) were 3.1–7.5. Evolving volumetric velocity fields of the full coalescence process allowed for quantification of the velocity
scales occurring over different time scales. For both single and side-by-side drops, the coalescence initiates with an off-axis
film rupture and film retraction speeds an order of magnitude larger than the collapse speed of the drop fluid. This is followed
by the formation and propagation of an outward surface wave along the coalescing interface with wavelength of approximately
2D. For side-by-side drops, the collapse of the first drop is asymmetric due to the presence of the second drop and associated
interface deformation. Overall, tomographic PIV provides insight into the flow physics and inherent three-dimensionalities
in the coalescence process that would not be achievable with flow visualization or planar PIV only. 相似文献
3.
Time-resolved stereo PIV measurements of shock–boundary layer interaction on a supercritical airfoil
Time-resolved stereo particle-image velocimetry (TR-SPIV) and unsteady pressure measurements are used to analyze the unsteady
flow over a supercritical DRA-2303 airfoil in transonic flow. The dynamic shock wave–boundary layer interaction is one of
the most essential features of this unsteady flow causing a distinct oscillation of the flow field. Results from wind-tunnel
experiments with a variation of the freestream Mach number at Reynolds numbers ranging from 2.55 to 2.79 × 106 are analyzed regarding the origin and nature of the unsteady shock–boundary layer interaction. Therefore, the TR-SPIV results
are analyzed for three buffet flows. One flow exhibits a sinusoidal streamwise oscillation of the shock wave only due to an
acoustic feedback loop formed by the shock wave and the trailing-edge noise. The other two buffet flows have been intentionally
influenced by an artificial acoustic source installed downstream of the test section to investigate the behavior of the interaction
to upstream-propagating disturbances generated by a defined source of noise. The results show that such upstream-propagating
disturbances could be identified to be responsible for the upstream displacement of the shock wave and that the feedback loop
is formed by a pulsating separation of the boundary layer dependent on the shock position and the sound pressure level at
the shock position. Thereby, the pulsation of the separation could be determined to be a reaction to the shock motion and
not vice versa. 相似文献
4.
5.
We study the interaction between a coherent structure (CS) and imposed external turbulence by employing direct numerical simulations (DNS) designed for unbounded flows with compact vorticity distribution. Flow evolution comprises (i) the reorganization of turbulence into finer-scale spiral filaments, (ii) the growth of wave-like perturbations within the vortex core, and (iii) the eventual arrest of production, leading to the decay of ambient turbulence. The filaments, preferentially aligned in the azimuthal direction, undergo two types of interactions: parallel filaments pair to form higher-circulation “threads”, and anti-parallel threads form dipoles that self-advect radially outwards. The consequent radial transport of angular momentum manifests as an overshoot of the mean circulation profile—a theoretically known consequence of faster-than-viscous vortex decay. It is found that while the resulting centrifugal instability can enhance turbulence production, vortex decay is arrested by the dampening of the instability due to the “turbulent mixing” caused by instability-generated threads. Ensemble-averaged turbulence statistics show strong fluctuations within the core; these are triggered by the external turbulence, and grow even as the turbulence decays. This surprising growth on a normal-mode-stable vortex results from algebraic amplification through “linear transient growth”. Transient growth is examined by initializing DNS with the “optimal” modes obtained from linear analysis. The simulations show that the growth of transient modes reproduces the prominent dynamics of CS-turbulence interaction: formation of thread-dipoles, growth of core fluctuations, and appearance of bending waves on the column’s core. At the larger Reynolds numbers prevailing in practical flows, transient growth may enable accelerated vortex decay through vortex column breakdown. 相似文献
6.
The strong interaction between turbulent structures arising from a plane mixing layer impinging on a circular cylinder is studied. This complex flow has been investigated by a set-up called dual-plane PIV that uses two 2D PIV (two-dimensional particle image velocimetry) planes acquired simultaneously. This approach allowed us to apply a 3D-POD (three-dimensional proper orthogonal decomposition) treatment. The first POD modes show the main footprint of the flow configuration, which comprises oblique structures associated with the action of the mixing layer on the near wake. The present study suggests, by analogy, that this phenomenon behaves like the dislocation observed in uniform wake flows.
相似文献
C. BraudEmail: |
7.
Oscillating boundary layer flow over an infinite flat plate at rest was simulated using the k–kL–ω turbulence model for a Reynolds number range of 32 ⩽ Reδ ⩽ 10,000 ranging from fully laminar flow to fully turbulent flow. The k–kL–ω model was validated by comparing the predictions with LES results and experimental results for intermittently turbulent and fully turbulent flow regimes. The good agreement obtained between the k–kL–ω model prediction with the experimental and LES results indicate that the k–kL–ω model is able to accurately simulate transient intermittently turbulent flow and as well as accurately predict the onset of turbulence for such oscillatory flows. 相似文献
8.
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of tip vortex wake structure of wind turbine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Large-view flow field measurements using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique with high resolution CCD cameras on a rotating 1/8 scale blade model of the NREL UAE phase VI wind turbine are conducted in the engineering-oriented Φ3.2 m wind tunnel.The motivation is to establish the database of the initiation and development of the tip vortex to study the flow structure and mechanism of the wind turbine.The results show that the tip vortex first moves inward for a very short period and then moves out... 相似文献
9.
A particle image velocimetry (PIV) method has been developed to measure the velocity field inside and around a forming drop
with a final diameter of 1 mm. The system, including a microscope, was used to image silicon oil drops forming in a continuous
phase of water and glycerol. Fluorescent particles with a diameter of 1 μm were used as seeding particles. The oil was forced
through a 200 μm diameter glass capillary into a laminar cross-flow in a rectangular channel. The velocity field was computed
with a double-frame cross-correlation function down to a spatial resolution of 21 × 21 μm. The method can be used to calculate
the shear stress induced at the interface by the cross-flow of the continuous phase and the main forces involved in the drop
formation process. 相似文献
10.
Pramod Chamarthy Hemanth K. Dhavaleswarapu Suresh V. Garimella Jayathi Y. Murthy Steven T. Wereley 《Experiments in fluids》2008,44(3):431-438
Experimental visualizations of the three dimensional (3D) convection patterns generated near an evaporating meniscus in horizontally
oriented capillary tubes are presented. These patterns are caused due to the differential evaporation along the meniscus.
In this study, transparent capillary tubes with refractive index close to that of the evaporating liquid were used to minimize
refraction effects and obtain velocity vectors near the walls. Polystyrene fluorescent particles of 0.5 μm diameter suspended
in methanol were used to make the measurements in tubes of 75, 200 and 400 μm diameter. For the 75 μm tube, gravity was observed
to have no effect on the flow patterns and an axisymmetric counter-rotating vortex pair was present along the horizontal and
vertical center planes, suggesting the presence of a toroidal vortex near the meniscus. With an increase in tube size, buoyancy
effects became apparent as the axisymmetric pattern broke down. A counter-rotating symmetric vortex pair was observed in the
horizontal center plane, whereas in the vertical center plane, a single vortex dominated the flow and pushed the secondary
vortex to a corner. Particle streak and μPIV images were obtained in multiple horizontal planes and a vertical center plane
to understand this 3D flow behavior. 相似文献
11.
Michael J. Patrick Chia-Yuan Chen David H. Frakes Onur Dur Kerem Pekkan 《Experiments in fluids》2011,50(4):887-904
In hemodynamics, the inherent intermittency of two-phase cellular-level flow has received little attention. Unsteadiness is
reported and quantified for the first time in the literature using a combination of fluorescent dye labeling, time-resolved
scanning confocal microscopy, and micro-particle image velocimetry (μPIV). The near-wall red blood cell (RBC) motion of physiologic
high-hematocrit blood in a rectangular microchannel was investigated under pressure-driven flow. Intermittent flow was associated
with (1) the stretching of RBCs as they passed through RBC clusters with twisting motions; (2) external flow through local
obstacles; and (3) transitionary rouleaux formations. Velocity profiles are presented for these cases. Unsteady flow clustered
in local regions. Extra-cellular fluid flow generated by individual RBCs was examined using submicron fluorescent microspheres.
The capabilities of confocal μPIV post-processing were verified using synthetic raw PIV data for validation. Cellular interactions
and oscillating velocity profiles are presented, and 3D data are made available for computational model validation. 相似文献
12.
13.
An experimental method for simultaneously measuring the velocity fields on the air and water side of unsteady breaking waves
is presented. The method includes a novel technique for seeding the air flow such that the air velocity can be resolved in
the absence of wind. Low density particles that have large Stokes drag and ability to respond to high-frequency flow fluctuations
are used to seed the air flow. Multi-camera, multi-laser particle image velocimetry setups are applied to small-scale unsteady
breaking waves, yielding fully time-resolved velocity fields. The surface tension of the fluid is altered and controlled to
form spilling breaking waves. Results for the velocity and vorticity fields of representative spilling breakers, which show
shedding of an air-side vortex and well-documented generation of water-side vorticity, are presented and discussed. 相似文献
14.
15.
Moderate-resolution numerical simulations of the impulsive acceleration of a dense gas curtain in air by a Mach 1.21 planar shock are carried out by solving the 3D compressible multi-species Navier–Stokes equations coupled with localized artificial diffusivity method to capture discontinuities in the flow field. The simulations account for the presence of three species in the flow field: air, $\hbox {SF}_6$ and acetone (used as a tracer species in the experiments). Simulations at different concentration levels of the species are conducted and the temporal evolution of the curtain width is compared with the measured data from the experimental studies by Balakumar et al. (Phys Fluids 20:124103–124113, 2008). The instantaneous density and velocity fields at two different times (prior and after the reshock) are compared with experimental data and show good qualitative agreement. The reshock process is studied by re-impacting the evolving curtain with the reflected shock wave. Reshock causes enhanced mixing and destroys the ordered velocity field causing a chaotic flow. The unsteady flow field is characterized by computing statistics of certain flow variables using two different definitions of the mean flow. The average profiles conditioned on the heavy gas (comprising $\hbox {SF}_6$ and acetone) and the corresponding fluctuating fields provide metrics which are more suitable to comparing with experimentally measured data. Mean profiles (conditioned on the heavy gas) of stream-wise velocity, variance of stream-wise velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy and PDF (probability distribution function) of fluctuating velocity components are computed at two different times along the flow evolution and are seen to show trend towards grid convergence. The spectra of turbulent kinetic energy and scalar energy (of mass fraction of heavy gas) show the existence of more than half decade of inertial sub-range at late times following reshock. The Reynolds stresses in the domain are reported while identifying the term that is dominant in its contribution to the Reynolds stresses. 相似文献
16.
Combustion induced vortex breakdown (CIVB) generating flame flashback in swirl burners was investigated experimentally. Since
previous work identified the interaction of turbulence and chemistry as the root cause for CIVB, the particle imaging velocimetry
and the laser induced fluorescence were chosen for the experimental investigation. Due to the high dynamics during flame flashback
the transient behavior of the flame was analyzed with a high time resolution. The results of the experiments confirm the mechanism
derived from the analysis of earlier CFD data. In addition, instantaneous data is provided, which explains the strongly stochastic
fluctuation of the flame tip before CIVB driven flashback occurs. Finally conditioned PIV–PLIF data of the propagating flame
during CIVB driven flashback show the occurrence of local flame quenching and the influence of the reaction on the flow during
flashback.
This research article was submitted as a selected contribution from the 13th International Symposium on Application of Laser
Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, 26−29 June 2006. 相似文献
17.
Yogesh Prasaad M. Sethuraman Krishnendu Sinha Johan Larsson 《Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics》2018,32(5):629-654
In this work, we use numerical simulation and linear inviscid theory to study the thermodynamic field generated by the interaction of a shock wave with homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Fluctuations in density, pressure, temperature and entropy can play an important role in shock-induced mixing, combustion and energy transfer processes. Data from shock-captured direct numerical simulations (scDNS) are used to investigate the variation of thermodynamic fluctuations for varying shock strengths, and the results are compared with linear interaction analysis (LIA). The density, pressure and temperature variances attain large values at the shock, followed by, in general, a rapid decay in the downstream flow. The rapid variation behind the shock makes it difficult to compare numerical results with theoretical predictions. A threshold method based on instantaneous shock dilatation is used to overcome this problem, and it gives excellent match between scDNS and LIA. We find cases with non-monotonic variation with Mach number as well as local peaks in density fluctuations behind the shock. These are explained in terms of the contribution of the post-shock acoustic and entropy modes in the LIA solution and their cross-correlation. Budget of the transport equations reveals interesting insight into the physics governing the thermodynamic field behind the shock wave. It is found that the variances are primarily determined by the competing effects of dilatational and dissipation mechanisms. The dominant mechanisms are identified for a range of conditions, and their implication for developing predictive models is highlighted. 相似文献
18.
Debanjan Mukherjee Jose Padilla Shawn C. Shadden 《Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics》2016,30(1-2):23-39
Roughly one-third of all strokes are caused by an embolus traveling to a cerebral artery and blocking blood flow in the brain. The objective of this study is to gain a detailed understanding of the dynamics of embolic particles within arteries. Patient computed tomography image is used to construct a three-dimensional model of the carotid bifurcation. An idealized carotid bifurcation model of same vessel diameters was also constructed for comparison. Blood flow velocities and embolic particle trajectories are resolved using a coupled Euler–Lagrange approach. Blood is modeled as a Newtonian fluid, discretized using the finite volume method, with physiologically appropriate inflow and outflow boundary conditions. The embolus trajectory is modeled using Lagrangian particle equations accounting for embolus interaction with blood as well as vessel wall. Both one- and two-way fluid–particle coupling are considered, the latter being implemented using momentum sources augmented to the discretized flow equations. It was observed that for small-to-moderate particle sizes (relative to vessel diameters), the estimated particle distribution ratio—with and without the inclusion of two-way fluid–particle momentum exchange—were found to be similar. The maximum observed differences in distribution ratio with and without the coupling were found to be higher for the idealized bifurcation model. Additionally, the distribution was found to be reasonably matching the volumetric flow distribution for the idealized model, while a notable deviation from volumetric flow was observed in the anatomical model. It was also observed from an analysis of particle path lines that particle interaction with helical flow, characteristic of anatomical vasculature models, could play a prominent role in transport of embolic particle. The results indicate therefore that flow helicity could be an important hemodynamic indicator for analysis of embolus particle transport. Additionally, in the presence of helical flow, and vessel curvature, inclusion of two-way momentum exchange was found to have a secondary effect for transporting small to moderate embolus particles—and one-way coupling could be used as a reasonable approximation, thereby causing substantial savings in computational resources. 相似文献
19.
The stratified shear layer flow pattern involves a fresh water layer flowing over a salted water one. The instabilities arising due to velocity gradients are mainly convective and thus evolve in time and space during their downstream propagation. This work was carried out within the framework of a study on the interaction between fresh water and seawater in the estuaries of rivers, where the main part of the physicochemical and biological phenomena occurs under the control of hydrodynamic conditions. The spatio-temporal velocity profile measurement by the ultrasonic Doppler method is well adapted to the stability analysis of such flows. It allows a comparison between the experimental wave properties and the theoretical results given by a linear temporal approach extended to the spatial point of view. 相似文献
20.
The aerodynamic interaction between the contralateral wings and between the body and wings of a model insect are studied, by using the method of numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equations over moving overset grids, under typical hovering and forward flight conditions. Both the interaction between the contralateral wings and the interaction between the body and wings are very weak, e.g. at hovering, changes in aerodynamic forces of a wing due to the present of the other wing are less than 3% and changes in aerodynamic forces of the wings due to presence of the body are less than 2%. The reason for this is as following. During each down- or up-stroke, a wing produces a vortex ring, which induces a relatively large jet-like flow inside the ring but very small flow outside the ring. The vortex rings of the left and right wings are on the two sides of the body. Thus one wing is outside vortex ring of the other wing and the body is outside the vortex rings of the left and right wings, resulting in the weak interactions. 相似文献