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1.
Using Fe3O4 nano-particles as seeds, a new type of Fe3O4/Au composite particles with core/shell structure and diameter of about 170 nm was prepared by reduction of Au3+ with hydroxylamine in an aqueous solution. Particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscope were used to analyze the size distribution and microstructure of the particles in different conditions. The result showed that the magnetically responsive property and suspension stability of Fe3O4 seeds as well as reduction conditions of Au3+to Au0are the main factors which are crucial for obtaining a colloid of the Fe3O4/Au composite particles with uniform particle dispersion, excellent stability, homogeneity in particle sizes, and effective response to an external magnet in aqueous suspension solutions. UV-Vis analysis revealed that there is a characteristic peak of Fe3O4/Au fluid. For particles with d(0.5)=168 nm, the λmax is 625 nm.  相似文献   

2.
Nanobiotechnology has opened a new and exciting opportunities for exploring urea biosensor based on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) mainly Fe3O4 and Co3O4. These NPs have been extensively exploited to develop biosensors with stability, selectivity, reproducibility and fast response time. This review gives an overview of the development of urea biosensor based on Fe3O4 and Co3O4 for in vitro diagnostic applications along with significant improvements over the last few decades. Additionally, effort has been made to elaborate properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in biosensing aspects. It also gives details of recent developments in hybrid nanobiocomposite based urea biosensor.  相似文献   

3.
Mn3O4 and Mn3O4 (140)/CNTs have been investigated as high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) applications. Nanoparticle Mn3O4 samples were synthesized by hydrothermal method using Mn(Ac)2 and NH3·H2O as the raw materials and characterized by XRD, TG, EA, TEM, and SEM. Its electrochemical performances, as anode materials, were evaluated by galvanostatic discharge-charge tests. The Mn3O4 (140)/CNTs displays outstanding electrochemical performances, such as high initial capacity (1942 mAh g?1), stable cycling performance (1088 mAh g?1 and coulombic efficiency remain at 97% after 60 cycles) and great rate performance (recover 823 mAh g?1 when return to initial current density after 44 cycles). Compared to pure Mn3O4 (140), the improving electrochemical performances can be attributed to the existence of very conductive CNTs. The Mn3O4 (140)/CNTs with excellent electrochemical properties might find applications as highly effective materials in electromagnetism, catalysis, microelectronic devices, etc. The process should also offer an effective and facile method to fabricate many other nanosized metallic oxide/CNTs nanocomposites for low-cost, high-capacity, and environmentally benign materials for LIBs.  相似文献   

4.
Monodispersed and hydrophobic ZnO/Al2O3 composite nanoparticles are prepared by a nonhydrolytic sol–gel method. ZnCl2 and AlCl3 are dissolved in acetone and used as precursors. Oleic acid is adopted as an oxygen donor. The tribology properties of the prepared ZnO/Al2O3 composite nanoparticles are studied by the four-ball friction and thrust ring friction test. It is demonstrated that the average friction coefficient and the wear scar diameter are reduced by 37.5 and 26.2%, respectively, in comparison with pure lubricating oil. Moreover, the ZnO/Al2O3 composite nanoparticles bear the merits of ZnO and Al2O3 when used as lubricant additives, exhibiting both excellent antifriction and antiwear behaviors simultaneously. The ZnO/Al2O3 composite nanoparticles improve the lubrication effect not only by turning the sliding friction into rolling friction, but also forming a hard Al2O3 protective film onto the thrust-ring surface containing ZnO/Al2O3 nanoparticles, which have much potentiality in industrial applications.  相似文献   

5.
Magnetic Fe3O4-C18 composite nanoparticles of approximately 5–10 nm in size were synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The magnetic Fe3O4-C18 composite nanoparticles were applied for cleanup and enrichment of organophosphorous pesticides. Comparative studies were carried out between magnetic Fe3O4-C18 composite nanoparticles and common C18 materials. Residues of organophosphorous pesticides were determined by gas chromatography in combination with a nitrogen/phosphorus detector. The cleanup and enrichment properties of magnetic Fe3O4-C18 composite nanoparticles are comparable with those of common C18 materials for enrichment of organophosphorous pesticides, but the cleanup and enrichment are faster and easier to perform. Figure Presumed mechanism for the adhesion of the OPs to the Fe3O4-C18 magnetic nanoparticles  相似文献   

6.
Self-supported and binder-free electrodes based on homogeneous Co3O4/TiO2 nanotube arrays enhanced by carbon layer and oxygen vacancies (Co3O4/co-modified TiO2 nanotube arrays (m-TNAs)) are prepared via a simple and cost-effective method in this paper. The highly ordered TNAs offer direct pathways for electron and ion transport and can be used as 3D substrate for the decoration of electroactive materials without any binders. Then, by a facile one-step calcination process, the electrochemical performance of the as-obtained carbon layer and oxygen vacancy m-TNAs is approximately 83 times higher than that of pristine TNAs. In addition, Co3O4 nanoparticles are uniformly deposited onto the m-TNAs by a universal chemical bath deposition (CBD) process to further improve the supercapacitive performance. Due to the synergistic effect of m-TNAs and Co3O4 nanoparticles, a maximum specific capacitance of 662.7 F g?1 can be achieved, which is much higher than that of Co3O4 decorated on pristine TNAs (Co3O4/TNAs; 166.2 F g?1). Furthermore, the specific capacitance retains 86.0 % of the initial capacitance after 4000 cycles under a high current density of 10 A g?1, revealing the excellent long-term electrochemical cycling stability of Co3O4/m-TNAs. Thus, this kind of heterostructured Co3O4/m-TNAs could be considered as promising candidates for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.  相似文献   

7.
Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 composite nanofibers with the mean diameter of ca. 60 nm have been synthesized via facile electrospinning. When the molar ratio of Li to Ti is 4.8:5, the Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 composite nanofibers exhibit initial discharge capacity of 216.07 mAh g?1 at 0.1 C, rate capability of 151 mAh g?1 after being cycled at 20 C, and cycling stability of 122.93 mAh g?1 after 1000 cycles at 20 C. Compared with pure Li4Ti5O12 nanofibers and Li2TiO3 nanofibers, Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 composite nanofibers show better performance when used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The enhanced electrochemical performances are explained by the incorporation of appropriate Li2TiO3 which could strengthen the structure stability of the hosted materials and has fast Li+-conductor characteristics, and the nanostructure of nanofibers which could offer high specific area between the active materials and electrolyte and shorten diffusion paths for ionic transport and electronic conduction. Our new findings provide an effective synthetic way to produce high-performance Li4Ti5O12 anodes for lithium rechargeable batteries.  相似文献   

8.
Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanofibers (NFs) with a thin carbon layer of 3–5 nm, which wrapped on V2O5 nanoparticles, and integrated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been fabricated via simple electrospinning followed by carbonization process and post-sintering treatment. The obtained composite displays a NF structure with V2O5 nanoparticles connected to each other, and good electrochemical performance: delivering initial capacity of 320 mAh g?1 (between 2.0 and 4.0 V vs. Li/Li+), good cycling stability (223 mAh g?1 after 50 cycles), and good rate performance (~?150 mAh g?1 at 2 A g?1). This can attribute to the carbon wrapped on the V2O5 nanoparticles which can not only enhance the electric conductivity to decrease the impendence of the cathode materials but also maintain the structural stability to protect the nanostructure from the corruption of electrolyte and the strain stress due to the Li-ion intercalation/deintercalation during the charge/discharge process. And, the added MWCNTs play the role of framework of the unique V2O5 coated by carbon layer and composited with MWCNT NFs (V2O5/C@MWCNT NFs) to ensure the material is more stable.  相似文献   

9.
The carbon nanotubes/TiO2 (CNTs/TiO2) composite photocatalysts composed of TiO2 nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. The photocatalysts were characterized by a range of analytical techniques including X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, thermal gravimetric analysis and UV–Vis optical absorption spectra, etc. The amount of TiO2 nanoparticles growing on CNTs could be tuned by adjusting the dosage of precursor in the reaction solution. Both the adsorptivity and photocatalytic activities of pure CNTs, pure TiO2, and the CNTs/TiO2 nanocomposites were tested by the removal of methylene blue from water in dark and under a simulated sunlight, respectively. By comparison, the improved photocatalytic activity of the CNTs/TiO2 nanocomposite is mainly due to that the CNTs can disperse the active component of TiO2 nanoparticles, provide a larger the specific surface area, as well as act as an electron sink to accelerate the separation of the photogenerated charges.  相似文献   

10.
Super paramagnetic ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by a surfactant assisted (ethylamine) hydrothermal method along with heat treatment. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and diffuse reflectance spectra technique. From the analyses, influence of calcination temperature on the structural, vibrational, morphological, magnetic and optical properties of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were investigated. The ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 17 nm showed high photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue (90 %). This work demonstrates that ZnFe2O4 can be used as a potential monocomponent in visible-light photocatalysis for the degradation of organic pollutants. Furthermore, the products were super paramagnetic and could be conveniently separated within 15 min and recycled by using simple magnet, which is very beneficial for the degradation of organic pollutants.  相似文献   

11.
The electrochemical behavior of α-Keggin-type nanoparticles, Co(en)3(PMo12O40) (abbreviated as PMo12-Co), have been studied in poly(ethylene glycol) for four different molecular weights (PEG, average MW 400, 600, 1000, and 2000 g mol–1) and containing LiClO4 (O/Li=100/1) supporting electrolyte. The diffusion coefficients of the PMo12-Co nanoparticles were determined using a microelectrode by chronoamperometry for PEG of different molecular weights that were used to describe the diffusion behavior of PMo12-Co nanoparticles in different phase states. Moreover, the conductivity of the composite system increases upon addition of PMo12-Co nanoparticles, which was measured by an a.c. impedance technique. FT-IR spectra and DSC were used to follow the interactions of PEG-LiClO4-PMo12-Co, and well described the reason that the PMo12-Co nanoparticles could promote the conductivity of the PEG-LiClO4-PMo12-Co system. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

12.
Nanocomposite cellulose films with obvious magnetic anisotropy have been prepared by in situ synthesis of plate-like Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the cellulose matrix. The influence of the concentrations of FeCl2 and FeCl3 solutions on the morphology and particle size of the synthesized Fe2O3 nanoparticles as well as on the properties of the composite films has been investigated. The Fe2O3 nanoparticles synthesized in the cellulose matrix was γ-Fe2O3, and its morphology was plate-like with size about 48 nm and thickness about 9 nm, which was totally different from those reported works. The concentration of FeCl2 and FeCl3 solution has little influence on the particle size and morphology of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles, while the content of Fe2O3 nanoparticles increased with the increase of the concentration of the precursor solution, indicating that porous structured cellulose matrix could modulate the growth of inorganic nanoparticles. The unique morphology of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles endowed the composite films with obvious magnetic anisotropy, which would expand the applications of the cellulose based nanomaterials.  相似文献   

13.
Monodisperse and porous nonstoichiometric Zn ferrite can be prepared by a solvothermal method. Such non-Zn ferrite was used to be the precursor for synthesis of ZnFe2O4/Fe2O3 composite via calcination at 600°C for 3 h in air. X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) proved the nonstoichiometry of Zn ferrite synthesized by solvothermal method and the formation of ZnFe2O4/Fe2O3 composite via calcination. TEM image showed that non-Zn ferrite spheres with wormlike nanopore structure were made of primary nanocrystals. BET surface area of non-Zn ferrite was much higher than that of ZnFe2O4/Fe2O3 composite. Saturation magnetization of non-Zn ferrites was significantly higher than that of ZnFe2O4/Fe2O3 composites. Calcination of non-Zn ferrite resulted in the formation of large amount of non-magnetic Fe2O3,which caused a low magnetization of composite. Because of higher BET surface area and higher saturation magnetization, non-Zn ferrite presented better Cr6+ adsorption property than ZnFe2O4/Fe2O3 composites.  相似文献   

14.
To improve the catalysis of pullulanase from Anoxybacillus sp.WB42, Fe3O4@polydopamine nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA) were prepared and modified with functional groups for immobilization of pullulanases via covalent binding or ionic adsorption. Immobilized pullulanases had lower thermal stability than that of free pullulanase, whereas their catalysis depended on the surface characteristics of nanoparticles. As for covalent immobilization of pullulanases onto Fe3O4@PDA derivatives, the spacer grafted onto Fe3O4@PDA made the catalytic efficiency of pullulanase increase up to the equivalence of free enzyme but dramatically reduced the pullulanase thermostability. In contrast, pullulanases bounded ionically to Fe3O4@PDA derivatives had higher activity recovery and catalytic efficiency, and their catalytic behaviors varied with the modifier grafted onto Fe3O4@PDA. Among these immobilized pullulanases, ionic adsorption of pullulanase on Fe3O4@PDA-polyethyleneimine-glycidyltrimethylammonium gave a high-performance and durable catalyst, which displayed not only 1.5-fold increase in catalytic efficiency compared to free enzyme but also a significant improvement in operation stability with a half of initial activity after 27 consecutive cycles with a total reaction time of 13.5 h, and was reversible, making this nanoparticle reusable for immobilization.  相似文献   

15.
Stabilization of oil-in-water Pickering emulsions with SiO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles has been studied. Emulsions containing three-dimensional gel networks formed by aggregated nanoparticles in the dispersion media have been shown to be stable with respect to flocculation, coalescence, and creaming. Concentration ranges in which emulsions are kinetically stable have been determined. Stabilization with mixed Ludox HS-30 and Ludox CL SiO2 nanoparticles leads to the formation of stable emulsions at a weight ratio between the nanoparticles equal to 2 and pH 6.7. In the case of stabilization with Ludox CL and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, systems resistant to aggregation and sedimentation are obtained at pH 8. The use of mixed Ludox HS-30 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles has not resulted in the formation of emulsions stable with respect to creaming, with such emulsions appearing to be resistant only to coalescence at pH 2–6.  相似文献   

16.
Novel visible-light-activated In2O3–CaIn2O4 photocatalysts were developed in this paper through a sol–gel method. The photocatalytic activities of In2O3–CaIn2O4 composite photocatalysts were investigated based on the decomposition of methyl orange under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results revealed that the In2O3–CaIn2O4 composite samples with different In2O3 and CaIn2O4 content can be obtained by controlling the synthesis temperature, and the composite photocatalysts extended the light absorption spectrum toward the visible region. The photocatalytic tests indicated that the composite samples demonstrated high visible-light activity for decomposition of methyl orange. The significant enhancement in the In2O3–CaIn2O4 photo-activity under visible light irradiation can be ascribed to the efficient separation of photo-generated carriers in the In2O3 and CaIn2O4 coupling semiconductors.  相似文献   

17.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used to modify magnesium fluoride (MgF2) film via the spin coating technique. Nanoparticles of MgF2 were in situ synthesized on surfaces of CNTs resulted in the composites (MgF2–CNTs) by means of sol–gel technique. The sizes of the MgF2 nanoparticles in situ synthesized on CNTs surfaces could be modulated by processing the MgF2 sol–gel in different ways. The MgF2–CNTs as prepared was mixed with MgF2 sol to fabricate composite films (MgF2–CNTs/MgF2). Instead of adding directly CNTs, adding MgF2–CNTs, into MgF2 sol could effectively improve the dispersion of CNTs, avoid emergence of carbon clusters in the compsite film, decrease surface roughness of the film, and enhance the interaction between the CNTs and MgF2 matrix. In the paper, the MgF2 nanoparticles were in situ synthesized on the surfaces of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) respectively to prepare MgF2–SWCNTs/MgF2 and MgF2–MWCNTs/MgF2 composite films. Experimental results showed that the transparency of the MgF2–SWCNTs/MgF2 composite film was higher than that of the MgF2–MWCNTs/MgF2 film in the range of ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The results showed SWCNTS could be an ideal reinforcement of MgF2 films to get good toughness, and retain its optical transmittance at the same time.  相似文献   

18.
The current research addressed synthesizing and studying photoluminescence studies of β-Si3N4 nanoparticles. The effect of MgO and Y2O3 as the typical additives on photoluminescence behaviour was evaluated. The β-Si3N4 with MgO and Y2O3 additive specimens were fabricated by a solid state technique (ball-milled method). The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman analysis. The results showed that after ball-milled process, hexagonal β-Si3N4 with MgO or Y2O3 as the additives with the size distribution of 45–50 nm was obtained. The optical properties of the as-synthesized product were also investigated by photoluminescence and diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The obtained results confirmed that employing MgO as an additive, in comparison to the Y2O3, could enhance emission properties in the synthesized silicon nitride nanoparticles. The obtained results also showed that MgO–Si3N4 pair acted as FRET system to enhance the emission intensity of β-Si3N4 nanoparticles.  相似文献   

19.
Non-precious metal bifunctional catalysts are of great interest for metal–air batteries, electrolysis, and regenerative fuel cell systems due to their performance and cost benefits compared to the Pt group metals (PGM). In this work, metal oxides of La0.1Ca0.9MnO3 and nano Co3O47 catalyst as bifunctional catalysts were used in oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORER). The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption isotherms. The electrocatalytic activity of the perovskite-type La0.1Ca0.9MnO3 and Co3O4 catalysts both as single and mixtures of both were assessed in alkaline solutions at room temperature. Electrocatalyst activity, stability, and electrode kinetics were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE). This study shows that the bifunctional performance of the mixed La0.1Ca0.9MnO3 and nano Co3O4 was superior in comparison to either La0.1Ca0.9MnO3 or nano Co3O4 alone for ORER. The improved activity is due to the synergistic effect between the La0.1Ca0.9MnO3 and nano Co3O4 structural and surface properties. This work illustrates that hybridization between these two metal oxides results in the excellent bifunctional oxygen redox activity, stability, and cyclability, leading to a cost-effective application in energy conversion and storage, albeit to the cost of higher catalyst loadings.  相似文献   

20.
The study of superparamagnetic Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposites have received great research attention due to their wide range of potential applications in biomedicine. In this report, an easy microemulsion reaction was employed to synthesis Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposites with self-aggregated branch like nanostructures. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were initially prepared and subsequently AgNO3 was reduced as Ag by chemical reduction method. The results showed that the average size of the Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposites were in the range of 10 ± 2 nm. These nanoparticles were self-aggregated as a branch like nanostructure. The optical properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles. The observed saturation magnetization of superparamagnetic Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposites were 40 emu/g.  相似文献   

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