空间激光通信中孔径平均效应的计算仿真

为了评估孔径平均效应对空间激光通信系统性能的影响,理论分析和数值计算了激光通信系统中传输链路的统计特性,包括闪烁指数、衰落概率、衰落次数和平均衰落时间。结果表明:随着接收天线孔径的增加,传输链路的闪烁指数降低、衰落概率减小、衰落次数减少、平均衰落时间缩短,孔径平均效应使得通信系统性能得到提升。由于强湍流条件下湍流尺寸小,因此孔径平均效应明显。     

Block error rate of FSO links over non-Kolmogorov turbulence with exponentiated Weibull distribution

In this paper, we model block error rate (BLER) performance of optical wireless communication systems in strong turbulence slant channels with very slow fading and additive Gaussian noise, using the Exponentiated Weibull distribution models. In a communication system, which transmits data in blocks of N bits, the BLER probability P(M, N) of more than M bit errors in a block is particularly useful in evaluating the wireless optical channel performance. The joint effects of the beam wander and spread, pointing errors and the spectral index of non-Kolmogorov turbulence on system's performance are included. The obtained results can be essential for the designing of such links under real circumstances.     

Symbol error rate performance analysis of soft-decision decoded MPPM free space optical system over exponentiated Weibull fading channels

The symbol error rate(SER) performance of a multipulse pulse-position modulation(MPPM) free space optical(FSO) system under the combined effect of turbulence-induced fading modeled by exponentiated Weibull(EW)distribution and pointing errors with a soft-decision detector is investigated systematically. Particularly, the theoretical conditional SER(CSER) of soft-decision decoded MPPM is derived. The corresponding closed-form CSER is obtained via curve fitting with the Levenberg–Marquardt method. The analytical SER expression over the aggregated fading channels is then achieved in terms of Laguerre integration. Monte Carlo simulation results are also offered to corroborate the validity of the proposed SER model.     

机载激光通信链路中光场二阶特性的分析计算

为了评估大气湍流对机载激光通信系统的影响,理论分析和数值计算了机载激光通信链路中传输光场的二阶特性,包括接收光斑尺寸、光斑偏移量、光束相干半径、光束到达角起伏。计算结果表明:大气湍流对空间激光通信系统的影响主要在低空对流层,并随着机载平台高度的增加而降低。由于受到低空大折射率结构常数的影响,上行链路的接收光斑尺寸、光斑漂移量比下行链路大。下行链路光束到达角抖动比上行链路大,其值为若干rad。提出的模型及计算结果,可以为机载激光通信系统设计及性能评估提供参考。     

机载激光通信系统发展现状与趋势

本文首先介绍了激光通信的突出地位和重大成果,说明机载激光通信技术的先进性和重要性。然后阐明了机载激光通信系统的工作原理,说明进行机载激光通信研究的可行性。接着简要叙述了机载激光通信系统的发展历史和国内外研究现状,重点对其性能指标和技术特点进行了分析。在此基础上,提出了机载激光通信的关键技术,并指出其应用前景和发展趋势。在不久的未来,机载激光通信将会成为信息化战争必不可少的通信手段。     

Compact optical duplicate system for satellite-ground laser communications: application of averaging effects

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in satellite-ground laser communication due to an increase in the quantity of data exchanged between satellites and the ground. However, improving the quality of this data communication is necessary as laser communication is vulnerable to air fluctuation. We first verify the spatial and temporal averaging effects using light beam intensity images acquired from middle-range transmission experiments between two ground positions and the superposition of these images using simulations. Based on these results, we propose a compact and lightweight optical duplicate system as a multi-beam generation device with which it is easy to apply the spatial averaging effect. Although an optical duplicate system is already used for optical correlation operations, we present optimum design solutions, design a compact optical duplicate system for satellite-ground laser communications, and demonstrate the efficacy of this system using simulations.     

Vertical profiles of aerodynamic size distribution for airborne particles over Yangtze River Delta

Based on the aircraft observations in the summer of 2003, we have studied the aerodynamic size distributions of airborne particles at altitudes ranging from 400 m to 2800 m over the central and southern areas of Jiangsu province located in Yangtse River Delta of China. The sizes of airborne particles are measured to be in a range of 0.47- 30 μm with 57 channels, and their number concentrations, surface area concentrations and mass concentrations are also measured. The results show that the concentrations of airborne particles are very low above an altitude of 2000 m and the size distributions present a specific multi-peak mode by using insufficient samples. Below 1000 m, however, the concentrations of particles increase obviously, and their size distribution is similar to that at the ground level. The study also indicates that the concentrations, size distributions and median diameters of airborne particles above and below the boundary layer are very different, displaying different pollution features. Meanwhile, the results also show that the pollution level of airborne particles has a descending tendency with altitude increasing.     

红外/激光双模共口径光学系统设计

针对未来导弹的发展趋势,提出一种红外/激光双模共口径光学系统设计方案,可用于获取目标的双模信息。分析了光学系统的基本参数,研究了双模共口径系统的设计思想,并进行了光学系统设计。所设计系统实现了长波红外和激光双波段的共口径成像。红外部分相对孔径1.27,光学系统传递函数接近于衍射限;激光部分相对孔径0.63,接近于理论极限,成像光斑能量分布均匀,线性区范围内光斑变化较小。     

矩形大口径激光光束质量评价光学系统设计

自适应光学校正技术可有效提升固体板条激光器的光束质量,但随着激光器输出功率的提升,输出光束口径逐渐增加,系统体积逐渐增大,自适应光学校正系统的设计难度也增加了.因此,在满足自适应光学校正系统中共轭探测等需求的前提下,统筹优化系统的尺寸参数,同时实现波前相位、光束质量评估等多参数的检测具有一定的研究意义.本文在系统整体尺...     

机载激光3D探测成像系统的关键技术

介绍了机载激光3D探测成像系统的应用领域和国内外发展现状,概括了小型无人机载激光3D成像检测系统(JIGSAW)、机载激光测深系统(LADS)、直升机3D-LZ Imaging LADAR及机载对地高分辨详查系统的基本组成、技术指标以及各自的特点。阐述了激光3D成像系统的工作原理与扫描方式的分类,并重点对其单元核心技术即激光测距系统、激光光轴控制与指向测量系统、数据图像处理技术与显示系统进行了研究。最后,简单综述了机载激光3D探测成像系统的发展前景。     

机载激光3D探测成像系统的关键技术

介绍了机载激光3D探测成像系统的应用领域和国内外发展现状,概括了小型无人机载激光3D成像检测系统（JIGSAW）、机载激光测深系统（LADS）、直升机3D-LZ Imaging LADAR及机载对地高分辨详查系统的基本组成、技术指标以及各自的特点。阐述了激光3D成像系统的工作原理与扫描方式的分类,并重点对其单元核心技术即激光测距系统、激光光轴控制与指向测量系统、数据图像处理技术与显示系统进行了研究。最后,简单综述了机载激光3D探测成像系统的发展前景。     

The Weibull-log Weibull distribution for interoccurrence times of earthquakes

By analyzing the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) seismic catalog for different tectonic settings, we have found that the probability distributions of time intervals between successive earthquakes-interoccurrence times-can be described by the superposition of the Weibull distribution and the log-Weibull distribution. In particular, the distribution of large earthquakes obeys the Weibull distribution with the exponent α₁<1, indicating the fact that the sequence of large earthquakes is not a Poisson process. It is found that the ratio of the Weibull distribution to the probability distribution of the interoccurrence time gradually increases with increase in the threshold of magnitude. Our results infer that Weibull statistics and log-Weibull statistics coexist in the interoccurrence time statistics, and that the change of the distribution is considered as the change of the dominant distribution. In this case, the dominant distribution changes from the log-Weibull distribution to the Weibull distribution, allowing us to reinforce the view that the interoccurrence time exhibits the transition from the Weibull regime to the log-Weibull regime.     

用于太阳光泵浦激光器的菲涅耳透镜设计方法

建立并分析了太阳光点聚焦型菲涅耳透镜的理论模型。提出了适用于太阳光泵浦激光器的设计方法。综合考虑会聚总功率和功率密度提高倍数两个因素,合理设计了菲涅耳透镜口径,相对孔径以及环形小棱镜的宽度(环距)三个参数,获得了用于太阳光泵浦激光器的菲涅耳透镜。     

Diagnostic system for two dimension intensity distribution of laser beam

The diagnostic system for two dimension(2-D)intensity distribution of laserbeam is a measuring instrument for many parameters of laser beam.2-D intensity distributionplot of laser beam is obtained by the two dimension scanning mirror which is controlled by amicrocomputer to scan the laser beam on a detector.Many parameters of laser beam such asthe isointensity distribution plot,the beam diameter,the beam waist diameter,the laser pow-er,the diverge angle and the beam brightness,are given by means of the microcomputer pro-cessing the data measured.Theoretical analysis of beam parameter transform is given.     

Design of data communication and management system for ground test and verification devices of space laser communication

Verification of a space laser communication system's parts or of component-level, terminal-level, and system-level performance using ground test and verification devices on the ground before launch is vital. In this paper, a data communication and management system is proposed, which is an important part of the ground test and verification devices system and manages the test process and impacts on the measurement results directly. We improved the existing hardware buses to make up the hardware part, and also designed the software part. Several typical tests were performed, and the results show that the maximum time delay is less than 50 ms. The developed data communication and management system is demonstrated to be a high-performance system which can meet the requirements in our project.     

大气湍流对激光通信系统的影响

从分析激光在大气湍流场中的传输方程出发,忽略系统中的其它噪声,仅考虑由大气喘流引起的系统误码率,讨论了激光信号在传输过程中的振幅起伏以及强度起伏;推导出由大气湍流引起的光强起伏和系统误码率的关系,结果表明:在弱起伏条件下,对于系统误码率为10－9以下的要求,光强起伏应小于0.67;随着湍流强度C2n的增大,误码率增加很快;采用长波长的激光进行传输可以有效地降低系统误码率.     

同步三通道激光告警光学系统有效孔径的确定及截获能量的估算

为了确定一种同步三通道激光告警光学系统的有效孔径并估算截获能量,建立了激光辐照远场传输模型,仿真研究了远场光斑半径、单通道入瞳半径和通道间相对能量差之间的数值关系.仿真结果表明:各通道之间最大相对能量差与远场光斑中心能量密度的大小无关,在激光远场光斑边沿处各通道之间的相对能量差最大;最大相对能量差限定时,远场光斑半径越大,允许的单通道入瞳半径也越大,但相应系统截获的脉冲能量或脉冲功率却相对减小;最大能量差限定为1%,远场光斑半径分别为2.5 m,4.0 m和7.5 m时,允许的最大单通道入瞳半径分别为3 mm, 5 mm和10 mm,相应系统截获的最大脉冲能量为1.14×10-5 J,7.54×10-6 J和2.68×10-6 J,最大脉冲功率为1.63 W, 1.08 W和0.38 W.     

光阑衍射对“猫眼”回波功率分布的影响

“猫眼”效应在激光主动侦察等领域具有广泛的应用,猫眼回波的功率分布是一项关键技术指标。激光束通过光阑会发生受限衍射,以Collins公式为基础,推导了猫眼回波光场的分布函数,数值计算了探测面上的光场分布,研究了“猫眼”系统中透镜口径、焦距以及探测距离、激光束束腰、离焦量等对猫眼回波功率分布的影响。并基于CCD搭建实验系统对猫眼回波功率分布以及衍射图样进行观测。观测结果表明:回波光场携带明显的衍射信息;探测器偏离成像透镜焦平面时,有限探测距离内猫眼回波光斑的峰值功率随着探测距离的增大而先增大后减小,最大值出现在约100 cm处。观测结果与理论数值计算吻合很好,验证了光阑衍射效应对回波功率的分布造成了明显的影响;研究结果对猫眼主动探测系统的研制具有很好的指导意义。     

双频激光在超精孔径测量中的应用

一种以激光波长为基准的小孔孔径超精测量系统 ,采用双频激光干涉技术、温度误差实时修正技术和符合阿贝原则的合理布局 ,在 8mm～ 5 0mm的范围内实现 0 .0 1μm的分辨力和 0 .1μm的测量精度。该方法已成功应用在惯性仪表零件孔径及垂直度的超精测量中。     

Enhancement of laser interaction with vacuum for a large angular aperture

We study the nonlinear interaction of laser light with vacuum for a large angular aperture at electromagnetic field strengths far below the Schwinger limit. The polarization and magnetization in vacuum irradiated by a focused laser beam clearly differ from those in matter. This is due to the dependence on the Lorentz invariant, which results in a ring-shaped radiation distribution in vacuum. The number of the radiated photons increases nonlinearly with increasing angular aperture.