甘肃省会宁县高一学生六种矿物元素营养状况调查与评价

为进一步改善和提高学生的身体素质和营养状况提供科学依据,调查并评价了会宁县高一学生机体钙、铁、锌、铜、镁、磷6种矿物元素营养状况,包括：随机整群抽样法选取研究对象;24h回顾法结合称质量法、记账法,收集被调查者连续7d的食物摄入情况;采集清晨空腹静脉血测血清磷含量以及指端末梢血测钙、铁、锌、铜、镁含量,同步测量体格发育状况（包括身高、体质量和胸围）和智力相关指标（联合瑞文IQ值）。结果表明,调查对象血液中6种矿物元素含量在性别间的差异均具显著性（P〈0．05）,全血锌和全血铁含量低于参考值低限的百分比女生多于男生,其余男生多于女生;32．25％的男生和13．89％的女生全血钙含量低于参考值;不足1％的全血镁含量低于参考值低限;血清磷含量均在参考值低限之上;全血铜含量城乡分布存在差异（P〈0．05）。调查对象膳食铁、钙和锌摄入量在性别间的差异存在显著性（P〈0．05）,调查对象膳食摄入量99％以上钙未达到适宜摄入量,20％左右锌、铜、镁未达到适宜摄人量。调查对象瑞文IQ值性别间差异不明显。多元回归分析显示锌、磷、镁含量的多寡对该地区学生智力发育有较大的影响,而磷、镁、钙对体格发育有较大的促进作用。膳食供给中80％的钙、90％的铁、85％的锌、90％的磷来源于植物性食物。可见调查对象6种矿物元素血中营养水平未达到参考值的人数和膳食摄入量未达推荐摄入量的人数均较多。膳食矿物元素供给主要来源于植物性食物,动物性食物摄入过少,建议因地制宜,合理地调控食物供应,增加动物性食物的供给,同时对当地人群进行营养教育,以便于进一步提高当地学生健康水平。     

氟化物对幼年大鼠骨矿物质和血微量元素的影响及其相关性研究

为探讨氟化钠对幼年大鼠血清4种微量元素和骨矿物质含量的影响,以及大鼠骨矿物质和血清微量元素的相关性,将80只2月龄SPF级SO大鼠,雌雄各半,随机分成8组：对照（幼年CS、成年AS）组和用药组（幼年高氟组CHS、幼年低氟组CLS、成年高氟组AHS、成年低氟组ALS、幼年长期高氟组HS、幼年长期低氟组15）。对照组灌胃生理盐水,用药组分别按相应时间给予不同剂量的NaF灌胃,测定了大鼠尺骨和血清中的Ca、P、Fe、Zn含量。结果表明,（1）血清微量元素：①与cs组相比,CHS组和CLS组的磷（P）分别增加100．0％和193．8％（P〈0．05）。②与AS组相比,HS组的Ca、Zn分别下降了20．5％和40．0％,而P则增加了74．0％（P〈0．05）;Ls组的Zn下降了33．3％（P〈0．05）。与HS组比较,CHS组的Ca增加22．3％。③与LS组比较,CLS组的P和Zn明显增加49．2％和28．5％（P〈0．05）。（2）骨矿物质：①与As组相比,HS组的Ca分别下降了23．9％（P〈0．05）,Zn则增加了36．1％（P〈0．05）。②与HS组相比,CHS组的Ca和Fe分别增加了42．3％和36．05％,Zn下降了38．6％（P〈0．05）。（3）骨矿物质和血清微量元素的相关性：骨Ca和血Ca、骨P和血P、骨Zn和血Zn、骨Fe和血Fe的相关系数分别为0．435、0．347、0．136和0．059（P〉0．05）。提示长期使用氟化钠,可以导致幼年大鼠血中微量元素代谢紊乱,骨矿物含量降低,但未确定大鼠骨矿物含量和血微量元素具有相关性。     

有机铬改善SD大鼠体组成效果及其机制探讨

为探讨两种形式有机铬吡啶羧酸铬（CrPic）和烟酸铬（CrNic）改善SD大鼠体组成的效果及其机制,将60只雄性SD大鼠随机等分为3组,第1组饲喂基础日粮作为对照组,第2和第3组分别以CrPic和CrNic形式添加300μg/kg铬,自由采食和饮水,6周后测定大鼠体组成和皮下脂肪组织中脂肪酸合成酶及激素敏感酯酶活性以及血清相关指标。结果表明,添加CrPic使大鼠瘦体质量提高了21．9％（P〈0．05）,体脂含量降低了22．6％（P〈0．05）;添加CrNic对大鼠瘦体质量和体脂含量没有产生显著影响（P〉0．05）;CrPic使大鼠皮下脂肪组织中脂肪酸合成酶活性降低了5．6％（P〈0．05）,激素敏感酯酶活性提高了63．1％（P〈0．05）,同时,大鼠血清中葡萄糖和胰岛素水平显著降低;CrNic对皮下脂肪组织中脂肪酸合成酶、激素敏感酯酶活性以及血清相关指标没有产生显著影响（P〉0．05）。提示CrPic能通过减弱机体脂肪合成代谢,增强脂肪分解代谢从而提高大鼠瘦体质量,降低体脂含量,其效果显著高于CrNic。     

氟化钠对大鼠血清微量元素的影响

为探讨氟化钠（NaF）对大鼠血清四种微量元素含量的影响,将80只2月龄SPF级SD大鼠,雌雄各半,随机分成8组：对照组[幼年（CS）、成年（AS）]和用药组[幼年高氟（CHS）、成年高氟（AHS）平订幼年低氟（CLS）、成年低氟（ALS）组,长期高氟（HS）和低氟（LS）组];对照组灌胃生理盐水,刖药组分别按相应时阃给予不同剂量的NaF灌胃。结果表明,与CS组相比,CYIS组和CLS组的P分别增加100％（P〈0．05）和193．8％（P〈0．05）;与As组相比,HS组的Ca、Zn分别下降了20．5％（P〈0．05）和40％（P〈0．05）,而P则增加了74％（P〈0．05）,LS组的Zn也下降了33．3％（P〈0．05）。提示：长期使用氟化钠可导致幼年大鼠血中化学元素代谢紊乱。     

消化性溃疡患者血清四种微量元素的测定

为探讨消化性溃疡病在体内的发生与微量元素的关系,采用高频等离子体发射光谱仪测定了55例消化性溃疡患者血清中cu、Fe、zn、se4种微量元素的含量,并与55例健康对照组进行了比较。结果表明,消化性溃疡患者血清se含量低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,zn、Fe含量与正常组比较显著降低（P〈0．01）,血清cu含量高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。提示消化性溃疡的发生与血清中微量元素的变化有密切关系,适当补充微量元素对于治疗、防治溃疡有一定价值。     

淮安市1684名中小学生血清钙、铁、锌含量分析

为了解淮安地区中小学生血清中钙、铁、锌含量情况,应用改进的火焰原子吸收光谱法对1684名对象的血清中相关元素的含量进行了测定。结果表明,该地区3种元素总体水平在正常范围内,钙、铁、锌血清含量分别为（102．69±26．30）mg／L、（1．01±0．61）mg／L、（0．86±0．45）mg／L;性别、城乡差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而年级的差别有统计学意义（P值均〈0．0001）,初中组各元素水平明显高于小学组。     

铅对人体内分泌系统的影响

体内铅负荷增高可对某些激素 ,如甲状腺激素和肾上腺皮质激素的产生及其代谢产生影响。崔金山测定了沈阳某蓄电池厂铅作业工人的血中游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (FT3)、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT4 )、促甲状腺素 (TSH)及尿铅、尿δ ALA水平 ,发现铅吸收组和铅中毒组工人血中FT3和FT4 含量明显低于对照组和铅接触组 (P <0 0 1 ) ,铅中毒组工人血中TSH含量显著升高。铅作业工人的这些指标均与尿铅及尿δ ALA水平呈显著相关关系 (P <0 0 1 )。铅致甲状腺功能下降的机制可能是铅损伤了甲状腺腺泡 ,使其分泌功能受损 ,也可能是铅抑制了摄碘…     

湿热证动物模型微量元素、维生素E变化及清香散的调节作用

采用多因素造模方法复制成湿热证动物模型，观察了动物模型微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe、Se和维生素E代谢水平的变化。结果显示，模型动物血清Zn下降（P＜0．05），Cu升高（P＜0．05或P＜0．01），Fe变化不大（P＞0．05），血Se水平下降（P＜0．05），血浆维生素E含量减少（P＜0．01）。经清热祛湿的经验方清香散治疗后，治疗I组动物血清Zn、血Se、血浆维生素E明显升高（P＜0．05），血清Cu下降（P＜0．05）；治疗Ⅱ组血浆血清Cu有变化（P＜0．05）外，其余变化不大。     

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者的尿碘与外周血sFas和sFasL的关系研究

为了解重庆地区自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AITD）患者外周血sFas与sFasL的表达情况与尿碘的关系,探讨AITD发病的机制,采用病例对照研究,检测并分析各组人群外周血sFas和sFasL及尿碘的含量。结果表明,GD与HT组体内的碘营养状况高于对照组（P〈0．0001）,GD组的sFas含量高于对照组,GD和HT组的sFasL含量高于对照组,其差异具有统计学意义。外周血中sFas与sFasL之间存在负相关关系,随着尿碘含量的增高,sFas含量下降,sFasL含量升高。提示AITD患者体内存在高碘营养状况,高碘可能导致细胞的过度凋亡,从而诱发AITD。     

冠心病患者血清钙、镁、磷变化的临床分析

为探讨冠心病患者血清钙、镁、磷的变化及其与冠心病的关系,对62例冠心病患者进行了血清钙、镁、磷含量的测定,并与41例健康人测定结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,冠心病组与健康对照组比较,血清钙离子和镁离子的含量均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,磷无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。提示冠心病患者有血清离子含量的异常改变,主要表现为血清钙离子和镁离子含量的降低。     

铅对脑发育的影响及与智力关系分析

讨论了铅对脑发育期中枢神经系统的影响,并调查了30名学习困难、成绩差的学龄儿童血铅的含量情况。结果表明,血铅今量与智力有一定关系。     

Biomedical significance of endothelial cell specific growth factor, angiopoietin

Until recently, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was the only growth factor proven to be specific and critical for blood vessel formation. Other long-known factors, such as the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), platelet-derived growth factor, or transforming growth factor-beta, had profound effects in endothelial cells. But such factors were nonspecific, in that they could act on many other cells, and it seemed unlikely that these growth factors would be effective targets for treatment of endothelial cell diseases. A recently discovered endothelial cell specific growth factor, angiopoietin, has greatly contributed to our understanding of the development, physiology, and pathology of endothelial cells (Davis et al., 1996; Yancopoulos et al., 2000). The recent studies that identified and characterized the physiological and pathological roles of angiopoietin have allowed us to widen and deepen our knowledge about blood vessel formation and vascular endothelial function. Therefore, in this review, we describe the biomedical significance of these endothelial cell growth factors, the angiopoietins, in the vascular system under normal and pathological states.     

微量元素对围产儿影响的研究

为了解信宜市微量元素(碘、锌、铁、铅)对围产儿的影响，对1871例围产儿脐血进行了检测，并对早产儿、小于胎龄儿与健康足月适于胎龄儿作比较。结果表明，四种微量元素失衡的发生率分别为：早产儿缺锌23．63％，缺碘0．90％，缺铁0．90％，铅高43．63％；小于胎龄儿缺锌25．30％，缺碘1．20％，缺铁1．20％，铅高40．96%；与正常组(缺锌11．32％，缺碘1．72％，缺铁1．19％，铅高20．02％)相比，血锌均明显低于正常组，血铅均明显高于对照组，血碘、铁均无明显差异。早产并小于胎龄儿在缺锌、高铅状态下死亡率最高(占小于胎龄儿50％)。提示缺锌、铅高状态对围产儿发育有重要影响，必须加强围产儿保健，及时诊治微量元素失衡。     

母血、脐血、母乳锌、铁、硒水平配对分析

目的:了解母血、脐血、母乳之间锌、铁、硒含量的相关性。方法:对5 6例正常产妇进行了母血、脐血、母乳锌、铁、硒含量的配对分析。结果:各样本中锌在母乳中的含量比脐血中高,其差异具有显著性,P <0. 0 5 ;锌在脐血中的含量显著高于母血中,P <0 . 0 1 ;铁在脐血中含量明显高于母血,而母血又明显高于母乳,P <0 . 0 1 ;脐血、母血、母乳硒含量依次升高,其间差异不明显;母血与脐血中的锌含量具有明显的相关性(r =0 .478,P <0 .0 1 ) ,铁也具有相似的变化(r=0 . 5 2 2 ,P <0 . 0 1 ) ;母血与母乳中的锌、铁也具有相关性(r =0. 3 5 6) ,P <0 . 0 5 ;r =0. 42 1 ,P <0 . 0 1 )。结论:锌、铁、硒为胎儿生长发育中的重要元素,在母乳中含有大量的锌和硒,故应提倡母乳喂养,但4个月后应添加含铁辅食,补充母乳中铁的不足。     

Effects of flavonoid derivatives on human microvascular endothelial cells

Some natural compounds, including flavonoids, are active in vasculature re-growth during hair follicle disruption, but their effects have not been yet evaluated directly on microvascular endothelial cells. Skin vascularisation regulates the physiological blood supply required for hair growth and its dysregulation is the basis of several human diseases. Follicle-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release from follicular keratinocytes promotes perifollicular vascularisation and increases follicle and hair size, while blockade of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis leads to impaired hair growth. Here, we tested three flavonoids, namely visnadin (VSD), hesperidin (HSP) and baicalin (BC), on cultured human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC), comparing their effects with minoxidil (MXD), a synthetic drug broadly used in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. The response to these compounds was assayed in terms of endothelial survival, proliferation, tubulogenesis and proangiogenic signalling. We show that BC promotes HMEC proliferation, while both VSD and MXD enhance tubulogenesis. Interestingly, only HSP increases VEGFR-2 phosphorylation.     

Strategy for identifying circulating fragments of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in a hemofiltrate peptide bank.

A differentiated strategy was established to isolate circulating forms of the six human insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs). As starting material we used our peptide bank, a comprehensive blood plasma peptidoma generated from human blood filtrate. The peptides were initially identified in the fractions of the hemofiltrate peptide bank by their immunoreactivity, their capacity to bind the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and their molecular masses determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Fractions revealing both immunoreactivity and IGF-binding capacity were analyzed by direct sequencing of immunoreactive bands from a Coomassie-stained gel. Further purification of the IGFBP peptides was performed by consecutive chromatographic steps guided by sensitive MALDI-MS. Using this strategy, different fragments of IGFBP-3, -4, and -5 were identified and a fragment of IGFBP-4 was purified to homogeneity.     

Antitumor and immunomodulating activities of a beta-glucan obtained from liquid-cultured Grifola frondosa

The effects of the beta-1,3-glucan, LELFD, obtained from liquid-cultured mycelium of Grifola frondosa, on the growth of syngeneic tumors and immune responses in mice were examined. In Meth A or IMC solid tumor systems, LELFD administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intralesionally (i.l.) exhibited significant antitumor effects. However, the growth of L1210 and P388 leukemias was unaffected by the injection of LELFD. The injection of LELFD i.p. enhanced the activities of natural killer cells and macrophages in mice. LELFD also enhanced the antibody response when it was injected i.p. with sheep red blood cells into mice. Furthermore, it was found that LELFD could activate the alternative complement pathway.     

FT-IR spectral imaging of blood vessels reveals protein secondary structure deviations induced by tumor growth

Vascular basement membrane remodeling is involved in tumor angiogenesis to enable tumor invasion and growth. FT-IR spectral imaging was used to determine changes in tumor blood vessels to reveal protein secondary structure in Rag-gamma immuno-deficient mice sacrificed 14 and 21 days after subcutaneous glioma implantation. For the oldest blood capillaries (diameter >20 microns), tumor growth induced a decrease in triple-helix content (1638 cm(-1); -7.3%; P < 0.05) and an increase in beta turns (1666 and 1615 cm(-1); +4%; P < 0.01). These protein-structure alterations, mainly from type IV collagen, reflected the high angiogenic stress of growing tumors. We propose to use these molecular markers of vascular basement membrane protein alterations for gradation of solid tumors by FT-IR spectral imaging.     

Hemodynamics and Wall Shear Stress of Blood Vessels in Aortic Coarctation with Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of blood flow in aortic coarctation based on stenotic shape structure, stenosis rate, and the distribution of the wall load delivered into the blood vessels and to predict the impact on aneurysm formation and rupture of blood vessels by using a computational fluid dynamics modeling method. It was applied on the blood flow in abdominal aortic blood vessels in which stenosis occurred by using the commercial finite element software ADINA on fluid-solid interactions. The results of modeling, with an increasing stenosis rate and Reynolds number, showed the pressure drop was increased and the velocity was greatly changed. When the stenosis rate was the same, the pressure drop and the velocity change were larger in the stenosis with a symmetric structure than in the stenosis with an asymmetric one. Maximal changes in wall shear stress were observed in the area before stenosis and minimal changes were shown in stenosis areas. The minimal shear stress occurred at different locations depending on the stenosis shape models. With an increasing stenosis rate and Reynolds number, the maximal wall shear stress was increased and the minimal wall shear stress was decreased. Through such studies, it is thought that the characteristics of blood flow in the abdominal aorta where a stenosis is formed will be helpful in understanding the mechanism of growth of atherosclerosis and the occurrence and rupture of the abdominal aortic flow.     

同轴电纺超细纤维膜构建人工血管材料

以右旋糖酐(DEX)为芯、聚乙二醇-b-聚(L-丙交酯-co-ε-己内酯)(PELCL)为壳,经同轴电纺制备DEX/PELCL超细纤维膜。在该电纺纤维内芯分别负载血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF-bb),并以此构建双层超细纤维膜人工血管支架。4 w的释放结果表明,VEGF和PDGF-bb均表现出突释现象,含有肝素的VEGF样品释放量有所下降。大鼠腹主动脉移植实验表明,载有VEGF和PDGF-bb的超细纤维膜可以用于构建双层人工血管。