霍尔式传感器的不等位电势补偿探讨

不等位电势是霍尔式传感器产生零位误差的主要因素.在霍尔式传感器的直流激励特性实验中霍尔元件处于梯度磁场中,但是磁场强度未知,因此无法确定磁场强度为零的位置.当采用交流激励时,通过调节霍尔元件在磁场中的位置,使输出的最小电势便是不等位电势,此时便可通过补偿桥路进行补偿.     

基于霍尔效应测量电磁辐射的研究

电磁辐射带来的危害近些年来逐渐引起人们的关注,研究便携式电磁辐射检测仪成为当下的一个热点。为了探究利用霍尔效应测量电磁辐射的方法与效果,我们利用AH49E线性霍尔传感器进行实验。首先让霍尔元件表面垂直于磁场方向,分别对静磁场和交变磁场的强度进行了测量,实验结果很好地验证了利用霍尔元件测量电磁辐射的可行性;接着,让3个霍尔元件相互正交,从而得到一个简易的全向探头;将全向探头固定在与磁场方向呈不同夹角的位置,进行验证实验,结果显示全向探头可以很好地测量任意方向的磁场强度。     

DH4512型霍尔效应实验仪的参数标定

针对实验教学中存在的问题,在给定霍尔灵敏度的情况下,标定了霍尔电流(Ιs)和励磁电流(IM),并测量了不同情况下的磁场误差。研究表明:磁场稳定位置x=0 mm左右且KH=169 m V/m A时,其Is和IM选取1 m A和100 m A时,误差最小,较为准确,该结论可用于大学物理实验教学。     

可调梯度磁场下霍尔位置传感器与弯曲法杨氏模量的测量

在利用霍尔位置传感器采用弯曲法测量杨氏模量实验中,由于梯度磁场线性范围小于2mm,要求实验中霍尔元件必须在限定的±2 mm内移动。若操作不当,霍尔元件进入磁场非线性区,会致使实验数据的不准确测量,导致实验误差偏大。所测量杨氏模量值相对误差往往高于10%,甚至会高达40%。针对实验中梯度磁场线性范围小导致测量误差大的问题,采用反亥姆赫兹线圈实现梯度可调节大范围均匀梯度磁场的构建对仪器进行改进。结果表明,改进后的实验装置显著提高了实验测量结果的精度,并可实现较易形变固体材料杨氏模量的测量,并且可方便研究较易形变固体材料的应力及应变的关系。     

霍尔元件线度对磁场测量影响的研究

在原有霍尔效应原理的基础上,利用微积分的基本方法和相关的物理知识推导非均匀磁场中利用霍尔效应测量磁场的理论公式,并结合该公式理论解释实验中对于霍尔元件线度的要求,以及说明非均匀磁场的测量对霍尔元件线度的要求,从而说明实验中经常遇到的一类问题——平均值问题。     

利用双霍尔探头测螺线管中低频交变磁场

在霍尔效应实验中利用双霍尔探头测磁场,通过对磁场定标,研究了螺线管中低频交变磁场,并分析了螺线管中低频交变磁场的分布特征,为学生测量低频弱电磁辐射提供了新的思路.     

径向磁场对霍尔推力器性能影响的数值模拟研究

霍尔推力器由于推力密度大、结构简单等特点,在商业航天领域具有广泛的应用前景.为了进一步提升小功率霍尔推力器的性能,克服低轨卫星用小功率霍尔推力器性能受限于输入功率和最大磁场强度的问题,本文利用数值模拟和理论分析方法研究了霍尔推力器放电通道中径向磁场分布对推力器性能的影响.在轴向磁场分布和最大径向磁场强度一定的情况下,通过改变径向磁场梯度实现径向磁场对推力器性能影响的研究.结果表明,在放电参数、推进剂流率以及轴向磁场不变的情况下,加速区的电势随着径向距离的增加而减小.因此,靠近推力器放电通道内壁侧的径向磁场梯度越大,离子沿着轴向漂移到达推力器出口的动能越大,推力器的推力越大.本文的研究结果为霍尔推力器的磁场设计,性能优化提供了理论支撑.     

霍尔效应

1879年,二十四岁的霍尔在研究载流导体在磁场中所受的力的性质时,发现了一种电磁效应,即如果在电流的垂直方向加以磁场,则在同电流和磁场都垂直的方向上将建立一个电场。这个效应后来被称为霍尔效应。从那时到现在,一百年过去了,霍尔效应以及利用这个     

霍尔效应实验

1霍尔效应原理霍尔效应是指被约束在霍尔元件中的运动带电粒子(电子或空穴),在磁场中因受洛伦兹力作用产生偏转,在霍尔元件两侧会产生电势差,这种现象称为霍尔效应.     

超导体与磁体间的三维磁力及磁场测试装置研制

本文研制的三维磁力测试夹具和三维霍耳探头,可以实现:1)直接测量出磁体与磁体、磁体与超导体等之间的三维磁力随两者之间相对位置的变化规律;2)直接测量出任何磁体或组合磁体在空间的三维磁场分布;3)通过将三个三维霍尔探头或九个单独的霍尔探头分别按研究内容的需要固定在所要研究的空间区域,再改变磁体与磁体之间、或磁体与超导体等之间的相对位置,从而在测量出它们之间的相互作用力的同时,测量出由于它们之间因相对位置改变而引起的动态磁场分布变化;还可以得到磁体接近超导体时磁场进入超导体的动态变化规律等.该套测试装置,将工作效率提高到原来的300%以上.这对研究磁性材料的宏观磁性质具有非常重要的意义.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.