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1.
Three commercial infant milk formulas, one commercial infant cereal formula and one locally grown cereal used for infant feeding in Nigeria were analyzed for 17 trace elements, viz: Al, As, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Se and Zn. The commercial milk formulas contain adequate amounts of Ca, Cl, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn, the locally grown cereal contains adequate amounts of Co, K, Mg, Mn and Zn and low in Ca, Cl, Fe and Na while the commercial cereal has adequate amounts of Ca, Cl, Co, K, Mg, Na and Zn. None of the samples analyzed was found to contain any elements up to threshold toxicity limits of concentrations. 相似文献
2.
Instrumental neutron activation was used for the determination of 23 trace and minor elements in 4 different samples of brewer's
yeast. Detection limits for these elements vary from 2 ppb to 100 ppm. The following average concentrations were found (ppm,
dry weight): Al 597, Br 0.36, Cl 1473, Co 0.21, Cu 19, Fe 285, K 16 400, Mg 1355, Mn 8.4, Na 2330, Rb 19, Sb 0.053, Se 1.2,
V 2.2 and Zn 80. NBS standard 1569 was also analyzed and the following concentrations (in ppm) were measured: Al 2300, Br
0.65, Ce 0.23, Cl 460, Co 0.26, Cr 2.12, Cu 11, Fe 707, Gd 7.1, Hf 0.13, K 15 500, Mg 1780, Mn 7, Na 510, Rb 16, Sb 0.075,
Sc 0.18, Se 0.92, Th 3.7, Ti 38, U 0.49, V 4.1 and Zn 70. 相似文献
3.
V. Zaichick A. Tsyb S. Bagirov 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1995,195(1):123-132
The contents of 21 chemical elements (Ag, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Zn) in mixed non-stimulated saliva of 52 relatively healthy people were assessed by activation using 14 MeV neutrons and nuclear reactor neutrons. The study included 45 women and 7 men, aged 18 to 35. The dependence of salivary composition upon sex, age, time-of-day and time-of-year was studied. The saliva of 22 men, involved in the clean up operation after the Chernobyl accident, was also studied. There existed clear circadian variations in the amount of Na, Sc and Cr contained in the saliva and a tendency to circadian variations for the amount of Cl, Co, Br and Rb. Neither sex, age, nor time-of-year influenced the contents of 21 chemical elements examined. The only exception to this finding was with Hg, whose content increases with age. The analysis of the cleaners' saliva made it possible to find considerable metabolic changes of Ca and some other chemical elements. 相似文献
4.
F. Y. Iskander 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1985,91(1):191-196
Neutron activation analysis has been employed to determine the concentration of 27 elements in an Egyptian cigarette filter before and after smoking. The filter of three foreign cigarette brands are also analyzed and compared to the Egyptian brand. The elements determined are Al, As, Ba, Br, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Th, Ti, V and Zn. It is observed that the concentration of the measured elements in the Egyptian brand are within the concentration range of foreign brands, and that the concentration of As, Br, Cl, K, Na and Se in the filters are increased after smoking regardless the brand examined. 相似文献
5.
L. G. C. Santos E. A. De Nadai Fernandes F. S. Tagliaferro M. A. Bacchi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,276(1):107-112
Aiming at the determination of toxic and essential elements in Brazilian commercial bovine milk, 25 ultra high temperature
(UHT) milk samples were acquired in the local market of Piracicaba, SP. The samples were freeze-dried and analyzed by instrumental
neutron activation analysis (INAA) allowing the determination of Br, Ca, Co, Cs, Fe, K, Na, Rb and Zn. When the results were
expressed as concentration (mg·l−1) no significant differences were found. However, considering the dry matter, results showed a clear difference between the
mass fractions (mg·kg−1 d.w.) of skim milk and whole milk for the elements Br, Ca, K, Na, Rb and Zn, indicating that the removal of fat caused a
concentration effect in the dry matter of skim milks. Discrepancies were found between the concentrations of Ca and Na measured
by INAA and the values informed in the labels. Ca showed variations within 30% for most samples, while concentrations of Na
were up to 190% higher than informed values. The sample preparation and the INAA procedure were appropriate for the determination
of Br, Ca, Co, Cs, Fe, K, Na, Rb and Zn in milk samples. 相似文献
6.
S. M. Al-Jobori R. K. Itawi A. Saad K. M. Shihab M. Jalil S. S. Farhan 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1990,144(3):229-239
As a part of the Iraqi Food Analysis Programme /I.F.A.P./ the concentration of Na, Mg, P, Cl, K, Ca, Zn, Se, Br, Rb and I in natural milk collected from different regions of Iraq, and in milk powder samples have been determined by using the NAA technique. It was found that except for the elements I, Rb and Br the concentration of the elements was approximately identical in both the natural milks and milk powders. 相似文献
7.
S. M. F. Cozzollino 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2001,249(1):21-24
Concentrations of 15 elements were determined simultaneously in duplicateportion diets of two university student groups from So Paulo Universityconsisting of nine women (20–23 years) and ten men (20–24 years).Thediet samples were prepared by either freeze-drying or drying in a ventilatedoven. About 100–200 mg of diets were irradiated for 2 minutes and 8hours in the IEA-R1m research reactor and Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, K, Fe, Mn,Mg, Mo, Na, Rb, Se, and Zn were determined by instrumental neutron activationanalysis (INAA). The average daily intakes found in the women and men groupswere: 2.1 and 4.3 mg of Br, 501 and 707 mg of Ca; 3.1 and 6.0 g of Cl; 12and 25 mg of Co; 15 and 36 µg of Cs; 53 and 63 µg of Cr; 5.1 and10.8 mg of Fe; 1.3 and 2.8 g of K; 134 and 306 mg of Mg; 1.3 and 4.1 mg ofMn; 134 and 302 mg of Mo, 2.0 and 4.1 g of Na; 2.4 and 4.6 mg of Rb; 29 and41 µg of Se; 6.2 and 10.6 mg of Zn, respectively. The daily intakesof Ca, Se and Zn in both groups and Fe in the women groups appeared to bebelow the U.S. RDA recommendations. For the elements Na and Cl the daily intakeswere higher than the recommended values by RDA. 相似文献
8.
F. Y. Iskander 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1985,89(2):511-518
The concentration of 28 elements in tobacco and cigarette paper in an Egyptian Cigarette were determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis. These elements are: Al, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Th, Ti, V and Zn. The cigarette filter (before and after normal smoking) and the produced ash were analyzed to determine the adsorption of the elements on the filter and their remains in ash. The material balance for the determined elements were calculated. 相似文献
9.
U. Tomza 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1987,119(5):387-396
Instrumental neutron activation analysis /INAA/ method was applied to measure major, minor and trace elements in 34 samples of hard and brown coal originating from eight Polish coal mines. The elemental concentrations of 38 elements /Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Lu, W, Au and Th/ are presented and compared with published data for coals from various origin. Enrichment factors, calculated relative to iron and the average crustal rock composition, indicated that several elements are highly enriched in Polish coals. 相似文献
10.
Fourteen elements can be rapidly determined in whole blood by the neutron activation analysis procedure described. Three of these (Ag, Cl, Se) are measured after a 10-s irradiation and eleven others (Al, Ba, Br, Ca, Cu, I, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rb, V) are determined by a 180-s irradiation of a 1-cm3 sample of whole blood after destruction of organic matter and removal of sodium by hydrated antimony pentoxide. A further 13 elements (As, Au, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hg, K, Na, Ni, Sb, Sc, Zn) are determined after overnight irradiation in the SLOWPOKE reactor. 相似文献
11.
A. Chatt H. S. Dang B. B. Fong C. K. Jayawickreme L. S. McDowell D. L. Pegg 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1988,124(1):65-77
Neutron activation analysis (NAA) methods have been developed for the determination of major, minor and trace elements in duplicate diets and individual food items. These include a cyclic instrumental NAA (CINAA) method for measuring Se content through its short-lived nuclide77mSe; epithermal INAA (EINAA) for I and As; conventional INAA for Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn and Zn; combination of EINAA and INAA for Al; radiochemical NAA (RNAA) for As, Au, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mo, Sb, Se and Zn; and preconcentration NAA (PNAA) for U and Th. Accuracy of measurements have been evaluated by analyzing a number of biological and diet reference materials. Multielement concentrations of diets and foods have been measured by these methods. 相似文献
12.
Using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and combustion elemental analysis, green coffees of the Arabica species produced in crop year 1987/88 in Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá and Papua New Guinea were analysed for the elements Ba, Br, C, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Cs, Fe, H, K, La, Mg, Mn, N, Na, Rb, Sc, Sr and Zn. In accordance with the concentrations determined, the elements could be ranked into five groups: Sc (sub-ppb level); Br, Co, Cr, Cs and La (ppb level); Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Rb, Sr and Zn (ppm level); Ca and Mg (%o level); and C, H, K and N (% level). On the basis of the results obtained, an attempt was made to establish the origin of the green coffee via its elemental composition. Among the investigated elements, manganese was found to be best suited as an indicator for this purpose. However, the elements C, Co, Cs, Na and Rb proved to be of interest too. 相似文献
13.
R. M. Awadallah M. K. Sherif A. H. Amrallah F. Grass 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1986,98(2):235-246
Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of Al, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Ti, Th, V and Zn, ICP-AES for the determination Al, Ag, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Sc, Sr, Ti, V and Zn and flameless AAS for the determination of Cd, Hg and Pb in egg plant, potatoes, green pepper (Leguminosae), vegetable marrow (Cucurbitaceae), pears, apple (Rosaceae), castor oil plant (Euphorbiaceae), lettuce (compositae), dill, parsley, coriander (Umbelliferae), and in some soil samples collected from Aswan province. 相似文献
14.
S. Waheed N. Siddique M. Arif I. Fatima N. Khalid S. Rahman M. Daud M. Wasim 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,277(3):539-548
This paper presents the results of the proficiency test exercise conducted in Pakistan for the determination of trace elements
in mushroom reference material. Thirteen laboratories from different organizations of the country submitted trace elemental
data on Al, As, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, Rb Sc, Si, Sm, Sr, Th, Zn. Results for
Al, As, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb Sc, and Zn, in the mushroom material were reported by two or
more participating laboratories and could be subjected to statistical evaluation. The original data of these trace elements
was subjected to a computer program “Histo Version 2.1” provided by IAEA. The four outlier tests, i.e., Dixon, Grubbs, skewness
and kurtosis were applied to the data sets. Consensus (overall) mean values, absolute standard deviation, relative standard
deviation, standard error, median and range of values for these elements have been reported at a significance level of 0.05. 相似文献
15.
T. Sato 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1983,76(1):215-224
In order to obtain information about postnatal changes in trace element levels in rat tissues, the age-dependent variations in the concentrations of 6 elements (Fe, Zn, Co, Se, Rb and Cs) were investigated by thermal neutron activation analysis. Several variation patterns were revealed in their concentrations as a function of postnatal age, depending on the combination of an element and an organ: (1) A steady state without significant variations (Zn and Se in brain, Rb and Cs in liver), (2) accumulation till a steady level is attained in time (Se in liver and kidney, Co in kidney), (3) depletion till a steady level is attained in time (Fe and Co in brain, Zn in liver and kidney, Rb and Cs in kidney), (4) permanent depletion (Rb and Cs in brain), and 95) initial drop followed by gradual increase in concentration levels (Fe in liver and kidney, Co in liver) 相似文献
16.
R. M. Parr 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1988,123(1):259-271
A new biological reference material, which is representative of diets consumed in Finland, has been characterized by means of an intercomparison exercise conducted by the IAEA in the second half of 1985 and in 1986. Results for 35 elements received from 79 participants in 33 countries have been evaluated. A certificate of analysis has been issued with provisional certified values for 22 elements and information values for 2 elements. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) provided approximately one third of all the results reported. Instrumental NAA was used approximately 5 times as frequently as radiochemical NAA. Overall, NAA played an important role in providing useful data for the following 20 elements: Al, As, Br, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, F, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se and Zn. In comparison with the main competing non-nuclear method (usually atomic absorption spectrometry), NAA showed a larger dispersion of results for Cd, Cu, K, and Mg, and a smaller degree of dispersion for Co, Cr, Hg, and Se. 相似文献
17.
JongHwa Moon SangHoon Kang YongSam Chung OkHee Lee 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,271(1):155-158
Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to assess the concentration of the inorganic trace elements in Korean women’s
blood serums. It was found that a high concentration of Na and Cl incurs an analytical interference, but the 12 elements such
as Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, Na, Rb, Se and Zn could be determined under the condition of an interference minimization.
Serum samples collected from 63 women were analyzed and the concentration level and range of the elements were evaluated.
NIST SRMs were analyzed simultaneously for quality control. The average values of the Na and Cl determined in the serum samples
were 3,365 and 3,533 mg/l, Ca was 96.4 mg/l and K was 191 mg/l. Besides, Br, Se and Zn have a concentration level of 6.46,
0.13 and 0.98 mg/l, respectively. It was found that there is no significant difference between the present values and the
reported values. 相似文献
18.
D. I. T. Fávaro V. A. Maihara D. Mafra S. A. Souza M. B. A. Vasconcellos M. B. C. Cordeiro S. M. F. Cozzolino 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2000,244(1):241-245
In the present work, the concentration of the 14 elements Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cs, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Rb, Sc Se and Zn have been determined by INAA in diets of four different groups: (a) 19 pre-school children, (b) 18 healthy adults, (c) 23 elderly people living in private institutions and (d) 19 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). The contents of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates were also analysed in the diets. The daily intakes of the elements analysed were compared to the recommended values set by RDA or WHO. 相似文献
19.
J. Kuera P. Mader D. Miholová J. Cibulka M. Poláková D. Kordík 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1990,338(1):66-71
Summary The preparation of the bovine liver 12-02-01 reference material, its stabilization and homogeneity testing is presented. Evaluation of an interlaboratory comparison in which 31 laboratories took part using several analytical methods is described. From the results of the intercomparison, the contents of the elements Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn were certified, while for the elements Br, Co, Fe, K, Mo, Na, and Rb, information values were derived. Non-recommended values for the elements Ag, As, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cs, La, Mg, S, Sb, Sn, Sr, and V were also evaluated.Denoted as CZIM-liver in the report [23] 相似文献
20.
P. Lievens J. Versieck R. Cornelis J. Hoste 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1977,37(1):483-496
The eight segments of five normal human livers are analysed for 25 trace elements by radiochemical NAA. This consits of an
automated wet destruction of the samples and two distillations, followed by ion exchange procedures. Ru is used as triple-comparator
for the standardisation. Short-lived and matrix-isotopes are standardised by the Bowen's kale powder. The results reveal that
the coefficient of variation within the liver is smaller than 10% for the elements Cd, Cl, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Rb, Se and
Zn. The highest range observed for the elements As, Br, Co, Cr, Hg, La, Mo, Na and Sb within a liver is smaller than the range
observed between the five livers. 相似文献