聚合色素的研究：Ⅸ.侧链悬挂偶氮型染料的聚合膦腈酸多氟烷基 …

首次将偶氮染料和聚合膦腈酸多氟烷基取代酯相结合，合成了一类具有阻燃、疏水憎油等特殊的功能聚合物。研究了合成色素的润湿性和热性能，结果表明：所合成的色素具有期望的应用特性。此外，对合成反应的机理和聚合色素的红外光谱特性也进行了初步的讨论。     

聚合色素的研究 XI.蒽醌型聚酯色素的合成与可加工性

用熔融缩聚法合成蒽醌型聚酯色素，研究了色素用量、反应温度和反应时间等对反应的影响，对用所合成聚合色素着色的聚酯的可加工性能作了初步的研究。     

聚合色素的研究：Ⅺ.蒽醌型聚酯色素的合成与可加工性

用熔融缩聚法合成蒽醌型聚酯色素，研究了色素用量，反应温度和反应时间等对反应的影响，对用所合成聚合色素着色的聚酯的可加工性能作了初步的研究。     

自由基螺旋聚合的研究进展

螺旋聚合物是一类在不对称领域具有特殊用途的高分子,可用于对映体分离、不对称催化和不对称光学等领域。其合成方法的研究一直是合成高分子科学的研究热点。自由基螺旋聚合以其大量优点备受人们重视,但受自由基聚合的自身缺陷影响,在螺旋聚合物合成上成功的例子较少。本文对自由基螺旋聚合的自身缺陷进行探讨,对各种方法进行综述,介绍了手性单体聚合、手性引发剂聚合、手性链转移聚合、手性模板控制聚合和手性溶剂聚合等各种自由基螺旋聚合方法,并对其前景进行了展望。     

丁二烯在稀土催化体系中的本体聚合

本工作利用一新型稀土催化剂,在实验室中通过本体聚合成功地合成出了顺式含量高达97％以上,特性粘数[η]在1,0—5,0范围内的无疑胶聚丁二烯。实验结果表明,本体聚合的某些基本规律与溶液聚合的规律一致。所不同的是,本体聚合具有较高的聚合活性,并可得到分子分量分布较窄的聚合物并且具有良好的加工性能。     

原子转移自由基聚合的研究进展

综述了原子转移自由基“活性”聚合研究的进展，包括采用的各种引发体系，聚合反应机理，动力学研究以及所合成的各种模型聚合物。通过原子 转移自由基聚合可以方便地合成各种结构的模型聚合物，２包括窄分的均聚物，交替，无规和渐变共聚物、特殊链端的聚合物，嵌段和接枝共聚物等。     

多组分聚合体系的探索

多组分反应是利用三种或者三种以上反应物一锅法得到终产物的反应。在此过程中,无需对中间产物进行分离提纯,而且几乎所有反应物的原子都出现在生成物当中。因此多组分反应经常被用来合成具有复杂结构的化合物。我们在多组分反应中引入可聚合元素,将功能化单体合成和可控聚合结合在一起,一步合成具有特殊官能结构的聚合物。这个体系中的反应均互不干扰,有着良好的匹配效果。因此,得到的产物具有可控的分子量和很窄的分子量分布。与传统方法相比,这种多组分聚合体系节省了反应时间、降低了合成成本、合成途径更加绿色经济。我们现已发展了多种多组分聚合体系,按照复杂程度不同分为二元、三元和四元体系。通过不同的有机小分子反应与可控聚合的结合,我们成功制备了一些通过其他聚合方法难以或是无法合成的新型聚合物,体现了这一聚合方法的特点和优势。随着对多组分聚合体系认识的不断深入,相信我们能够更简便地合成更多结构新颖的聚合物。     

等离子体引发聚合及其应用

系统介绍了等离子体引发聚合的方法，特点，着重介绍等离子体引发聚合在超高分子量聚合物的合成，嵌段聚合，接枝聚合及无机高分子，单晶聚合物合成等方面的应用研究成果。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯的基团转移聚合

<正> 基团转移聚合(Group Transfer Polymerization,GTP)作为一种新的加聚方式,由于具有室温下使极性单体快速聚合;得到预期分子量和窄分子量分布的聚合物;可进行活性聚合,制备嵌段共聚物,对合成丙烯酸酯类橡胶或热塑性弹性体极为有利;可合成带有功能性端基和遥爪的聚合物等优点,近几年来发展迅速。到目前为止,最有效和最常用的GTP引发剂是二甲基乙烯酮甲基三甲基硅基缩醛     

活性聚合,表现活性聚合和准活性聚合

活性聚合是连锁聚合反应体系中链转移和终止反应速率为零时的特殊反应类型，表现活性聚合和准活性聚合则是链转移或终止反应未被完全消除而人有活性聚合物特征两类聚合物反应，是非活性聚合活性聚合过渡和逼近时的两种聚合反应类型，本文对活性聚合，表现活性聚合和准活性聚合的基本概念及它们之间的区别作了简单的介绍。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。