石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中铅、镉含量

土壤样品经硝酸、氢氟酸和过氧化氢加热消解,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中铅和镉的含量。以磷酸铵作为基体改进剂,铅和镉的灰化温度分别为400℃,250℃,原子化温度分别为2 100℃,1 800℃。铅和镉的质量浓度分别在0.50～50.0,0.10～2.5μg.L-1范围内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限依次为6.5,0.4pg。应用此法分析了4个土壤标准样品,测定值与标准值相符,相对标准偏差(n=6)分别在1.5%～6.3%和2.3%～5.1%之间。铅、镉的加标回收率分别在85.4%～103.2%,91.5%～102.3%之间。     

悬浮液进样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定巴戟天中痕量铅和镉

取经烘干粉碎并通过0.074mm网筛的巴戟天样品0.050 0g,加入琼脂溶液10.0mL(其中含磷酸二氢铵0.1g,作为基体改进剂),超声振荡5min,制成样品的悬浮液,直接进样,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中铅和镉的含量。设置铅和镉的灰化温度分别为850℃和800℃。结果表明:铅和镉的质量浓度在一定范围内与其吸光度呈线性关系,铅和镉的检出限(3s×V/b)分别为2.17×10-9 mg和3.4×10-10 mg。按照标准加入法进行加标回收试验,铅和镉的回收率分别在98.8%～103%和98.3%～104%之间。精密度试验表明铅和镉的测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为2.7%和1.2%。     

微波辅助提取原子吸收光谱法快速检测食品中铅、镉、锰、锌

采用微波辅助提取样品,建立食品中铅、镉、锰、锌的原子吸收光谱快速检测方法。以1%（体积分数）硝酸溶液为提取溶剂,在提取温度为120℃、提取时间为30 min、样品质量为0.2～0.3 g的条件下,食品中的铅、镉、锰、锌提取率均能达到81%～109%。铅的质量浓度在0～10μg/L范围内,镉的质量浓度在0～2.00μg/L范围内,锰、锌的质量浓度在0～1 000μg/L范围内与吸光度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999。当取样质量为0.3 g、定容体积为10 mL时,样品中铅、镉、锰、锌的检出限分别为0.006、0.001、0.2、0.05 mg/kg。在优化的实验条件下,标准物质GBW10051中4种元素测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于10%(n=6),6种不同种类的国家标准物质的测定值与认定值基本一致,8种实际样品的测定结果与国标法测定结果的相对偏差为-19%～15%。该方法硝酸用量少,样品处理效率高,测量准确度高,适用于食品中铅、镉、锰、锌的快速检测。     

高压消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定八角和桂皮中镉、铅含量

八角或桂皮样品经硝酸-过氧化氢(5+3)混合液高压密闭消解后,以20 g·L-1磷酸氢二铵作基体改进剂,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中镉和铅的含量。镉和铅的灰化温度分别为400℃,600℃;镉和铅的原子化温度分别为1 800℃,2 100℃。镉和铅的线性范围分别为10,50μg·L-1以内,检出限(3s/k)分别为0.42,0.98μg·L-1。加标回收率在96.0%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.24%~1.7%之间。     

示波极谱法同时测定尿中铅和镉

研究示波极谱法同时测定尿中铅和镉的方法.运用正交试验选择底液的组成为碘化钾-抗坏血酸-浓盐酸-磷酸.用硝酸、高氯酸、盐酸混合酸消化尿样,消化液在酸性介质中,置极谱仪的三电极系统,样品溶液在滴汞电极上产生还原电流,分别于-480 mV和-620 mV处测量铅和镉的峰电流,对尿样中铅和镉进行测定,铅、镉的质量浓度在100 μg·L-1以内与峰电流呈线性关系.铅、镉的相对标准偏差分别为6.91%,6.45%,检出限(3S/N)分别为2.0,1.0 μg·L-1,回收率分别为88.4%～101.4%,83.1%～103.5%.     

微分电位溶出伏安法同时测定甘草中痕量铅和镉

建立了在NH4OAc HOAc介质中,用微分电位溶出伏安法测定中药甘草中痕量铅和镉的方法,利用该法对中药甘草煎煮前后及其煎液中铅和镉的含量进行测定。试验表明,镉和铅分别在-0.66V(vs.SCE)和-0.47V(vs.SCE)电位处形成两个灵敏的二次微分溶出峰;铅在0～0.8mg·L-1,镉在0～0.4mg·L-1范围,峰电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系;铅和镉检出限分别为0.15和0.1μg·L-1,相对标准偏差≤1.39%;铅和镉加标回收率在94%～103%之间。结果表明,该甘草样品中铅和镉含量均低于国家安全标准,甘草煎煮液中铅的浸出率较高,镉的浸出率则较低,方法也适用于其它类似中药。     

固相萃取富集-高效液相色谱法测定烟草和烟草添加剂中的重金属元素

研究了用固相萃取富集,高效液相色谱法测定烟草及烟草添加剂中镍、铜、锡、铅、镉、汞的方法。样品用微波消化后,消化液中镍、铜、锡、铅、镉、汞用四 (对氨基苯基) 卟啉[T (p AP)P]柱前衍生,用C18固相萃取小柱萃取富集镍、铜、锡、铅、镉、汞的T (p AP)P络合物,富集倍数为50倍;然后用甲醇和丙酮(均含0.05mol·L-1的pH10.0四氢吡咯 乙酸缓冲)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,WatersXterraTMRP18(3.9mm×150mm)为色谱柱,用二极管矩阵检测器检测。镍、铜、锡、铅、镉、汞的检出限分别为42,38,82,60,50和25ng·L-1。RSD为2.1%～2.8%,标准回收率为95%～103%。该方法用于测定烟草及烟草添加剂中的痕量镍、铜、锡、铅、镉、汞,结果满意。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定羊剪绒制品中铅、铬、钴

采用人工汗液萃取法处理样品,提出了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法同时测定羊剪绒制品中铅、铬和钴含量的方法。1.000g样品用30mL人工汗液于40℃萃取20min,选择铅、铬和钴的灰化温度和原子化温度分别为650℃,1 000℃,1 200℃和1 500℃,2 300℃,2 100℃。在优化的试验条件下,铅、铬和钴的质量浓度分别在10.00～100.0μg.L-1,20.00～100.0μg.L-1,20.00～100.0μg.L-1范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.038,0.091,0.086μg.L-1。方法可用于羊剪绒制品中铅、铬和钴含量的测定,回收率分别在95.5%～97.3%,93.9%～97.7%,98.5%～99.3%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于5.0%。     

氢化物发生–原子荧光光度法测定食品和食品添加剂中的砷、汞和铅

建立氢化物发生–原子荧光光度法测定食品和食品添加剂中砷、汞和铅元素的方法。对茶叶、方便面、精料与二氧化硅样品的前处理方法进行了研究,讨论了酸介质与酸度、还原剂浓度、铁氰化钾与草酸浓度等因素对样品测定的影响。当还原剂质量浓度为20 g/L、载流酸度为5%、铁氰化钾和草酸质量浓度分别为4 g/L和2 g/L时,砷、汞和铅的方法检出限分别为0.024,0.008,0.066μg/L,方法的回收率为85%~105%,测量结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.7%,0.7%,1.8%。该方法简便、快速、结果准确可靠,能满足食品和食品添加剂中砷、汞、铅的测定。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定美白化妆品中铅和镉

本文采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定了美白化妆品中铅、镉含量.铅、镉测定的线性范围分别为0～176 ng/mL、0～88 ng/mL,相关系数r均为0.9998,回收率分别为98.2%～101.1%和98.9%～101.8%,相对标准偏差分别为1.73%和1.46%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.