分子筛的酸处理对Mo/HZSM-5催化甲烷无氧芳构化反应性能的影响

 采用HNO3溶液对HZSM-5分子筛进行预处理,并以处理后的分子筛为载体制备了Mo/HZSM-5 催化剂. 结果表明,改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂在甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应中表现出很好的稳定性,显著地抑制了积炭物种在催化剂表面的形成. SEM,XRD和1H MAS NMR等表征结果表明,酸处理在一定程度上降低了HZSM-5分子筛的结晶度,使部分Al物种脱离骨架结构,迁移到骨架外形成新的表面Al羟基,从而使HZSM-5分子筛上B酸中心的数目明显减少. 未经改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂表面,平均每个晶胞中有1.12个B酸位,而改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂表面,平均每个晶胞中仅有0.88个B酸位. 这表明过多的酸性位存留在催化剂上会引起积炭的生成,降低催化剂的稳定性.     

一种获得高活性和高稳定性甲烷无氧芳构化Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的前处理方法

 利用氢气在较低温度(623 K)下对6%Mo/HZSM-5催化剂进行预处理,考察了经低温还原预处理的催化剂在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中的催化性能. 结果表明,经过预处理的催化剂比未经预处理的催化剂表现出更好的甲烷转化活性和稳定性. 1H MAS NMR和EPR表征结果表明,在623 K氢气气氛中对Mo/HZSM-5催化剂进行预处理不会造成Mo物种在分子筛外表面的进一步分散,也不会导致外表面的Mo物种向孔道内迁移. 但是,低温还原预处理可以有效地促进Mo物种由易还原的六方密堆积结构向难还原的面心立方结构转化,后者在反应中具有更好的活性和稳定性.     

NH4F改性Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上的甲烷无氧芳构化反应:预处理温度影响的进一步研究

 进一步研究了HZSM-5分子筛的NH4F预处理温度对制得的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的影响. X射线衍射和魔角旋转固体核磁共振(27Al MAS NMR)的表征结果表明, NH4F预处理后的HZSM-5分子筛上发生了部分脱铝,在 27Al MAS NMR谱中δ=-12.7 处出现了宽化峰,可归属为AlO6-xFx的特征峰. Mo/HZSM-5样品的NH3程序升温脱附与 27Al MAS NMR结果均表明, MoO3与经NH4F预处理的HZSM-5的相互作用增强,而且该作用随NH4F预处理温度的升高而加大. 经NH4F预处理的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂显示出良好的抗积碳性能,这不仅与载体B酸量的减少有关,而且与催化剂上MoCx/MoCxOy与载体B酸量的匹配有关.     

载体酸性对Mo/HZSM-5-Al2O3催化剂上烯烃歧化反应性能的影响

在固定床反应器上考察了Mo/HZSM-5-Al2O3催化剂上乙烯与2-丁烯歧化制丙烯反应的性能.结合X射线衍射、NH3程序升温脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱、H2程序升温还原和程序升温氧化等表征结果发现,载体酸性的差异导致催化剂酸性和 Mo物种落位方式不同.载体酸性较强时,催化剂积炭严重,反应稳定性差;载体酸性较弱时,Mo物种...     

甲烷在铕改性Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上的直接芳构化反应 Ⅱ.铕对催化剂中钼物种的影响

采用X射线光电子能谱和程序升温还原实验研究了Mo-Eu/HZSM-5催化剂中铕对钼物种的影响.结果表明:铕的添加使得钼的3d电子结合能增加.这说明助剂铕与主催化剂钼存在强相互作用,这种强相互作用使得三氧化钼的程序升温还原谱产生较大的变化,相应的还原温度升高.结合实验现象,提出了该催化剂的活性钼物种前身的结构模型.     

MoVBiTeO/SiO2对丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应的催化性能

用浸渍法制备了一系列不同Mo/V比的MoVBiTeO/SiO2催化剂,并用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱、程序升温还原和红外光谱等方法对催化剂的结构、氧化还原性质和酸性进行了表征,考察了催化剂对丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应的催化性能.结果表明,Mo与V组分之间存在较强的相互作用,调变了催化剂的结构,并形成了氧化还原循环(V5 Mo5 V4 Mo6 ),促进了催化剂中电子和O物种的传递,使催化剂的低温可还原性增强,催化活性提高.Mo组分有利于形成L酸位,而V组分有利于形成B酸位.这可能是丙烯醛选择性随Mo/V比增大而逐渐提高的原因之一.当Mo/V摩尔比为6时,催化剂具有最高的丙烯醛收率(9.7%).     

Mg助剂对Co/Mg/HZSM-5催化剂结构及其催化甲烷部分氧化制合成气性能的影响

采用XRD、TEM、H2-TPR、Raman、XPS和活性评价等方法, 研究了Mg助剂对Co/Mg/HZSM-5催化剂物理化学性质和甲烷部分氧化(POM)制合成气反应性能的影响. 研究发现, 在Co/HZSM-5催化剂中添加Mg助剂, 可有效地提高催化剂的催化活性和稳定性. 在750 ℃和空速1.0×10⁵ mL·h^-1·g^-1反应条件下, Co/Mg/HZSM-5在连续反应30 h的实验时间内催化活性稳定不变, 而Co/HZSM-5因其活性中心Co0转化生成CoAl2O4非活性相, 反应10 h后即迅速失活. 催化剂表征结果表明, 在Co/Mg/HZSM-5催化剂中钴物种除以Co3O4存在外, 一部分钴物种还与Mg助剂发生强相互作用生成较难还原的MgCo2O4, 由此导致还原后钴金属的分散度较高. 关联催化剂表征和活性评价结果, 讨论了催化剂结构与性能之间的关系.     

A New Way to Obtain Mo/HZSM-5 Catalyst with High Activity and Selectivity for Methane Dehydro-aromatization 一种制备高活性和高稳定性甲烷无氧芳构化Mo/HZSM-5的新方法

 采用气相化学沉积法对HZSM-5分子筛的外表面进行选择性修饰,然后将它作为载体制备Mo/HZSM-5 催化剂,并应用于甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应. 改性的催化剂比未改性的催化剂表现出更好的甲烷转化活性、芳烃选择性和稳定性,明显地抑制了积碳的生成. 利用核磁氢谱对催化剂进行了表征. 在未经改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂表面,平均每个晶胞中含有1.12个B酸中心, 而在改性后的催化剂表面,平均每个晶胞中只有0.61个B酸位. 说明在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中,少量的B酸中心即可达到反应要求,过多的酸性位只会导致更多积碳物种的生成,从而加快催化剂失活速度,降低其稳定性.     

W掺杂对Mo/HZSM-5催化甲烷无氧芳构化性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Mo/HZSM-5、Mo-W/HZSM-5和W/HZSM-5三种催化剂。通过XRD、BET、Py-FTIR、H2-TPR、XPS、TEM、NH3-TPD、TPO、TG和Raman等技术对催化剂的物化性质进行表征,并考察其在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中的催化性能。结果表明,相比于Mo/HZSM-5,Mo-W/HZSM-5催化剂表现出更高的CH_4转化率、芳烃收率以及催化稳定性。H_2-TPR和XPS结果表明,Mo-W/HZSM-5中存在更易被还原为W~(4+)的正八面体(WO_6)~(n-)前驱体,反应过程中W4+的形成有助于提高CH_4转化率。同时,积炭表征结果表明,石墨型积炭是导致Mo/HZSM-5催化剂快速失活的主要原因,W掺杂可以抑制MoW/HZSM-5催化剂上石墨型积炭的形成,进而提高催化剂的稳定性。     

甲烷脱氢芳构化W/HZSM-5基催化剂的制备

由H2SO4酸化的(NH4)2WO4溶液(pH=2～3)制备的W-H2SO4/HZSM-5催化剂对甲烷脱氢芳构化(DHAM)反应的催化活性比不经酸化的(NH4)2WO4溶液(pH=8～9)制备的W/HZSM-5催化剂高得多.氧化前驱态催化剂的H2-TPR研究表明,W-H2SO4/HZSM-5试样的还原所需温度比W/HZSM-5低得多;前者可还原至较低价态的W物种在负载总W量中所占比例也比后者高得多.H2-TPR及相关体系的EPR和Raman表征结果相互佐证表明,用H2SO4酸化导致负载钨酸铵前驱溶液中一些由共边正八面体配位结构单元(WO6)n-构成的聚钨酸根物种的生成;W-H2SO4/HZSM-5催化剂对DHAM反应催化活性之所以高,主要由于所负载的W前驱物种较大部分是(WO6)n-基的W物种,而非(WO4)2-基W物种;在较低温度下就可被还原,且在DHAM反应条件下有一部分可还原至较低价态W4+的(WO6)n-物种很可能是催化活性位的前驱组成部分.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.