大气对流边界层光传输的实验室模拟

利用湍流池模拟大气对流边界层的光传输,同时测量了到达角起伏和光路上的温度脉动。结果表明,在混合层的上部,对数温度谱偏陡,和大气中的观测结果一致,到达角起伏谱也偏陡,但到达角起伏谱曲线反映了湍流在小尺度范围内具有各向同性的特征,此时利用温度脉动方法得到的折射率结构常数小。当边界层顶部逆温层消失,发展为完全对流状态时,温度谱幂率等于“－5／3”,到达角起伏谱害虫率等于“－8／3”,两种方法测量得到的折射率结构常数一致。     

一维大气边界层光学折射率结构常数数值模式的实验检验

提出了一种大气光学折射率结构常数的数值模式。一次输入日期、时间、经纬度、温度、湿度、风速、粗糙度、土壤参数，云量等相关参数，可得到24h内的温度、湿度、风场、折射率结构常数等量。通过与实测对比表明，无论是月平均折射率结构常数还是某天的折射率结构常数，模式计算与实测数据都符合得很好。模式计算的向下总辐射量与实测数据基本一致。     

北京城区大气边界层的激光雷达观测

激光雷达是边界层大气气溶胶和云的一个高效探测工具。利用MPL激光雷达测量出的数据反演出了测站地域上空大气边界层气溶胶消光系数的垂直分布,利用气溶胶消光系数的垂直分布可决定测站上空的大气边界层高度。测量数据表明:大气边界层内气溶胶的含量较为稳定,有明显的气溶胶多层结构。     

大气边界层各向异性的室内模拟研究

 边界层的各向异性研究对于了解实际大气的湍流特性和经典理论的适用范围均具有较大的意义。利用室内水槽实验模拟了实际大气边界层,使用小波变换方法分析了对数光强起伏谱的特征,将获得的标度指数与理论值进行比较,结果表明混合层在水平方向较为接近各向同性,而垂直方向则呈现一定的各向异性。     

大气边界层各向异性的室内模拟研究

边界层的各向异性研究对于了解实际大气的湍流特性和经典理论的适用范围均具有较大的意义。利用室内水槽实验模拟了实际大气边界层,使用小波变换方法分析了对数光强起伏谱的特征,将获得的标度指数与理论值进行比较,结果表明混合层在水平方向较为接近各向同性,而垂直方向则呈现一定的各向异性。     

时变来流条件下大气边界层流动大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟方法,利用平坦地面模型和带楔形结构的粗糙地面模型研究近地面空间风场特征.结果表明,在时变来流条件下,平坦地面模型和粗糙地面模型均在阵风峰期产生下沉气流,在阵风谷期产生上升气流;垂直气流大小与下垫面粗糙度和水平来流风速变化幅度有关.大气边界层内风场的风速大小和方向总是随时间变化的,与稳定来流假设相比,随时间变化的来流条件下边界层的流动更有利于边界层内物质和能量的输运.     

关于大气边界层方程闭合的对比研究

采用具有１１／２阶精度的ＴＫＥ闭合方案以及适当减少垂直网格层数，使计算量大大减少。模拟结果与观测结果仍很吻合；；与３阶闭合结果相比，并无明显降低。该方案提供了改进３维大气模式中ＰＢＬ参数化精度的可能性。     

台风外围环流对沿海地区大气边界层结构的影响研究

结合茂名外场观测数据以及气象要素再分析数据,对台风外围环流影响和局地海陆风环流(SLBC)影响下沿海地区的大气边界层(ABL)结构识别方法和特征规律展开研究.利用气象要素探空数据和微脉冲激光雷达(MPL)观测数据进行了大气边界层高度(BLH)识别方法的适用性分析,提出了一种新的基于微脉冲激光雷达的BLH识别方法,以有效提高复杂边界层结构情况下激光雷达识别BLH结果的准确性,进而分析了受大尺度和局地环流影响的ABL结构以及BLH的时空变化特征.结果 表明:沿海地区在没有大尺度天气系统的控制时,局地SLBC的影响较为显著,会使ABL出现多层复杂结构,BLH表现出波峰和波谷交替出现的日变化规律;BLH开始增长的时间一般出现在白天的陆风海风转换时刻,最大值一般出现在正午气溶胶层顶的位置,即2 km左右;BLH下降的时间通常伴随着夜间的海风-陆风转换,最小值一般出现在夜间残留层以下稳定边界层顶的位置,低至500 m左右.而台风外围环流控制下,局地SLBC引起的局地对流现象会被抑制,ABL昼夜交替的空气上升、下沉运动减弱甚至消失,整个ABL内气溶胶垂直分布较为均匀,BLH与气溶胶层顶基本重合,维持在2 km左右,BLH变化波动不大且没有比较明显的日变化规律.     

融合K-means和熵权法的高鲁棒性大气边界层高度估计方法

针对常用激光雷达边界层高度估计方法在云层或悬浮气溶胶层等复杂大气结构下会产生误判的问题,提出一种融合K-means和熵权法的高鲁棒性大气边界层高度估计方法。选取美国大气辐射测量项目南部大平原站点的微脉冲激光雷达数据,将K-means算法和熵权法应用于多种条件下的边界层高度估计,从初始参数选取和距离计算两个方面提升基于聚类分析的边界层高度的估计性能。实验结果表明：与常用激光雷达边界层高度估计方法相比,所提方法具有较强的抗干扰能力,能更好地追踪复杂大气结构下的边界层高度日变化过程;在晴朗无云天气和复杂大气结构下,其边界层高度的估计值与无线电探空仪边界层高度的测量值基本一致,相关系数分别为0.9718和0.9175。所提方法具有较高的鲁棒性,可以可靠地估计多种条件下的大气边界层高度。     

车载测污激光雷达对大气边界层气溶胶的斜程探测

利用自行研制的车载测污激光雷达系统 (AML 1)对大气边界层气溶胶进行了斜程探测 ,并给出了与之相应的数据处理方法。将该雷达相近时间内斜程测量与垂直测量的数据进行对比 ,结果表明此斜程探测及数据处理方法是合理可行的。文中列举了某斜程方向 (2 0°天顶角 )气溶胶随时间的演化图 ,以及某垂直剖面内气溶胶消光系数二维扫描图 ,这些典型结果很直观的反映了气溶胶时、空分布情况 ,对实现连续、实时、大范围污染监测有重要意义。     

Twin boundary and grain boundary effects on cyclic responses of tensile pre-deformed highly oriented nanotwinned Cu: Molecular dynamics simulation

Molecular dynamics method is performed for analyzing the relationship of the twin boundary and grain boundary on the cyclic response of nanotwinned Cu. Results show that the strength difference among the grain boundary, the twin boundary and the variation of dislocation density are nearly 2-2.5 times. We predict twin boundary is only a factor that affects the stable response, however, the dislocation form and the time to reach stability is caused by the grain boundary. Furthermore, the phenomenon of cyclic hardening is found in all the nanotwinned Cu samples.     

APPLEⅡ微机通用接口电路在物理实验中的应用

本文利用ＡＰＰＬＥⅡ微机制成的通用Ａ／Ｄ、Ｄ／Ａ转换接口电路，用于对实验进行测量控制、数据采集等，并给出了一个应用实例。     

虚拟仿真实验在实验中的应用

介绍了在实验中,恰当地应用EWB软件作虚拟仿真实验,对实验可起到有益的辅助、拓展和加深作用。     

完全匹配层吸收边界在2D3V等离子体粒子模拟中的实现

基于Berenger完全匹配层的基本思想,导出了高斯单位制下2维完全匹配层吸收介质的控制方程及参数设置方法,并进行了数值验证和参数优化。依据所得结论编制了相应的吸收边界模块加入到2D3V等离子体粒子模拟程序PLASIM中,取得了良好的吸收效果。基于完全匹配层吸收边界的实现,在小窗口内对超强激光预脉冲与低密度等离子体的长时间相互作用过程进行了模拟研究,结果表明:激光强度和作用时间是影响等离子体密度改变的重要因素,超强激光其长时间的预脉冲可以通过有质动力的累积效应在低密度等离子体中引起较大的密度变化。     

Inflow conditions for spatial direct numerical simulation of turbulent boundary layers

The inflow conditions for spatial direct numerical simulation (SDNS) of turbulent boundary layers should reflect the characteristics of upstream turbulence, which is a puzzle. In this paper a new method is suggested, in which the flow field obtained by using temporal direct numerical simulation (TDNS) for fully developed turbulent flow (only flow field for a single moment is sufficient) can be used as the inflow of SDNS with a proper transformation. The calculation results confirm that this method is feasible and effective. It is also found that, under a proper time-space transformation, all statistics of the fully developed turbulence obtained by both temporal mode and spatial mode DNS are in excellent agreement with each other, not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively. The normal-wise distributions of mean flow profile, turbulent Mach number and the root mean square (RMS) of the fluctuations of various variables, as well as the Reynolds stresses of the fully developed turbulence obtained by using SDNS, bear similarity in nature. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90205021), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 20060400707), and the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (Grant No. 200328), and partially supported by Liu-Hui Center of Applied Mathematics, Nankai University and Tianjin University     

Effect of twin boundary on nanoimprint process of bicrystal Al thin film studied by molecular dynamics simulation

The effects of a twin boundary(TB) on the mechanical properties of two types of bicrystal Al thin films during the nanoimprint process are investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations.The results indicate that for the TB direction parallel to the imprinting direction,the yield stress reaches the maximum for the initial dislocation nucleation when the mould directly imprints to the TB,and the yield stress first decreases with the increase of the marker interval and then increases.However,for the TB direction perpendicular to the imprinting direction,the effect of the TB location to the imprinting forces is very small,and the yield stress is greater than that with the TB direction parallel to the imprinting direction.The results also demonstrate that the direction of the slip dislocations and the deformation of the thin film caused by spring-back are different due to various positions and directions of the TB.     

Measurement and simulation of sand saltation movement under fluctuating wind in a natural field environment

Extensive research on the near surface movement of sand particles has focused on wind tunnel experiments, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation of sand saltation under ideal and controllable conditions. Most field observations are results on the average rate of sand transport over some hours or the whole day. However, researchers found recently that the effect of turbulent characteristics of near surface wind in real atmospheric boundary layers on the sand transport rate was obvious. The turbulent characteristics would cause a significant discrepancy between field observation and simulation of sand transport rate. In this work, a field experiment in a real-time system was designed to synchronously measure physical quantities, such as fluctuating wind velocity in the near surface region, sand transport intensity, temperature, and humidity, with the frequency of 1 Hz, at two points on a homogeneous flat sand surface located in the Minqin area, which is between the edges of the Badain Jaran Desert and the Tengger Desert. The relationship between the saltation events and some physical properties, such as the fluctuating wind velocity, temperature, and humidity, was studied. On the basis of the field observation results, a numerical model was developed to simulate sand movement under the fluctuating wind. The overall features of the experimental measurements were reproduced by simulation.     

束流预调制型同轴虚阴极振荡器的初步理论分析

利用求解格林函数的方法,对束流预调制型同轴虚阴极振荡器进行了初步理论分析。分析结果表明,相同参数入射电子束同轴虚阴极振荡器的束波转换效率正比于预调制深度的平方,提高预调制的深度可以很好地提高束波转换效率;任意的束波互作用区结构参数和入射束流分布参数,都会存在一个对应工作状态下最大束波转换效率的最佳预调制频率,合理选择预调制频率可以优化同轴虚阴极振荡器的微波输出。