Uptakes of trace elements in Zn-deficient mice

A multitracer technique was used to obtain uptake rates of essential trace elements in various organs and tissues in Zn-deficient mice. A multitracer solution, containing more than 20 radioisotopes, was injected intraperitoneally into Zn-deficient state mice and control ones. Uptake rates of the radioisotopes were compared with concentrations of trace elements determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in order to study a specific metabolism of Zn and other essential trace elements, such as Mn, Co, Se, Rb, and Sr. The result suggests that Zn is supplied from bone to other organs and tissues and an increase in Co concentration in all organs and tissues depends on its chemical form, under the Z-deficient state.     

Determination of As,Bi, Sb and Sn in conifer needles from various locations in Poland and Norway by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-AES) in the system with aerosolised sample introduction has been employed for the first time for analysis of conifer needles. Arsenic, bismuth, antimony and tin along with other trace elements were simultaneously determined in pine, spruce, yew and thuja foliage sampled from various locations in Poland and Norway. Quality of the measurements was assured by examination of two attested plant reference materials. The application of different analyte introduction techniques and interference effects from matrix elements, i.e. Na, K, Mg, Ca and transition metals in the analysis of needles are discussed.     

Determination of trace elements in various organs of rats by thermal neutron activation analysis

The trace element levels in various organs of normal rats have been determined by means of thermal neutron activation followed by high-resolution gamma-spectroscopy. Abundances for 11 elements (Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sb, Se, Cr, Co, Cs and Sc) were evaluated in the individual subjects. The present results were generally found within the ranges of the literature values, except for ultra-trace elements. Reliability of the method was assessed by analyzing NBS standard reference materials, Orchard Leaves and Bovine Liver. The trace element contents of the rat diet have also been measured, and comparison of them with those of the rat organs was given.     

Newer trace elements in Iranian diets

The intake of some “newer” trace elements via the daily diet by Iranian population groups was determined. The total mixed diets were prepared on the basis of dietary recording. Aluminium and nickel have been measured via atomic absorption spectrometry, vanadium and tin via radiochemical neutron activation analysis, and scandium via instrumental neutron activation analysis. The results for the Iranian diets are discussed and compared with corresponding data from other countries. The project has been performed in the frame of a co-ordinated research project of the International Atomic Energy Agency with participants from various countries. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Bestimmung einiger Spurenelemente in reinem Zinn mittels Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie mit einer Graphitrohrküvette

The use of a heated graphite furnace has been evaluated for the atomic absorption determinations of seven trace elements in pure tin. The advantages of the standard addition method for the routine analysis is demonstrated. Matrix interferences were investigated by each determination. Selective volatilizations have been employed to avoid such effects. Sensitivities and results with standard deviations are reported.     

A complete dissolution procedure for SnPb solders using nitric and hydrochloric acids with simultaneous determination of major and trace elements by ICP/OES

A complete and fast dissolution procedure for tin and lead based solders is described. Trace and major elemental concentrations are determined by inductively coupled argon plasma emission (ICP) spectroscopy. One gram solder samples in the concentration range of 40-63 wt % tin are completely dissolved using nitric and hydrochloric acids. ICP analyses of certified reference materials prepared by this dissolution method are reported and compared to reference values. Based on comparison, the sample preparation method discussed is successful for quantitative analysis of trace and major elements in tin-lead solders.     

Determination of trace elements in biological fluids

Main approaches to the trace element analysis of biological fluids and problems appearing in this case are considered. The specific character of these approaches is illustrated by the examples of the analysis of real samples for various trace elements. The advantage of methods for the direct determination of trace elements in these samples is demonstrated.     

家兔动脉粥样硬化模型微量元素谱的计算机多元分析

为了查明微量元素谱与动脉粥样硬化症的关连，用多元分析研究了白兔动脉粥样硬化模型中的生物样品微量元素谱。ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定动脉粥样硬化模型和对照组的兔器官和 组织中１９种元素。因子分析法处理数据，得到一系列因子得分分布图，各图象表明动脉粥样硬化组与对照组的样品点分布在图上不同区域，且两组样品点可分辨。     

Determination of some trace elements in different organs of normal rats

In our biological investigations some trace elements have been determined by instrumental radioactivation analysis in organs of normal rats. The results of trace element distribution of Cr, Zn, Br, Sb, Fe, Co, Sc, Ag and Na in liver, spleen, brain, lung, kidney and heart of normal rats are presented in the paper.     

Determination of tin in steels by non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry coupled with flow-injection hydride generation in the presence of L-cysteine

Flow-injection hydride generation has been coupled with a non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometer for the determination of trace concentrations of tin. The use of L-cysteine in stannane generation enhances the atomic fluorescence signal for tin. In addition, it appears that the flow-injection method allows the use of a wider range of acid concentrations, and hence interference from transition elements is also reduced. An absolute detection limit of 1.3 ng was achieved with a 0.5 ml sample. Ten determinations of a solution containing 100 ng ml⁻¹ of tin(H) generated a relative standard deviation of 1.8%. The linear dynamic range of the calibration curve extended over three orders of magnitude and sample throughput rate was 144 samples h⁻¹. Application of the proposed technique is demonstrated by the determination of tin in low alloy steel standard reference materials.     

Trace-element levels in tissues of rats and dogs treated with cis-diammine/1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato/platinum/II/ /Carboplatin/

Platinum and eleven other trace elements were determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis in tissues of healthy rats and dogs treated with the anti-cancer drug carboplatin. In rats the levels of the trace elements were not much influenced; in the kidney only the Co and the Sb levels were decreased and in the liver only the Mo level was increased. A parallel tendency in the Co and Mo metabolism was seen in dogs. Carboplatin treatment tends to reduce the Cd, Co and Fe levels in metabolic active organs, kidney, liver, spleen and/or pancreas of the dog.     

Determination of trace elements in various materials by activation analysis

Recent works on the trace analysis of various materials by activation analysis are summarized. INAA and IPAA are applied for the multielement determination of various standard reference materials and electronic materials. As an example, the analytical results of pepperbush and fluoride glass are shown. In activation analysis using chemical separation, the destructive neutron activation analysis coupled with isotope addition technique is presented and applied to the determination of trace impurities in indium phosphide. Selective substoichiometry and substoichiometric separagtions of some elements are also introduced.     

An application of neutron activation analysis to biological materials

Fourteen trace elements (short-lived nuclides: Al, Br, Cu, Mn and V; long-lived nuclides: Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Sc, Se and Zn) in human eye tissues are determined simultaneously by non-destructive neutron activation analysis. The quantity of Al, Br, Fe, Se and Zn in the eye tissues (about 1 to more than 10 μg/g dry weight tissue) seems to be higher than that of other trace elements, although content of each trace element in individual tissue are scattered in a wide range. Conjunctiva, iris (+ciliary body) and choroid (+pigment epithelium) seem to contain larger amount of various trace elements than other eye tissues. From correlation studies it is evident that the relative distribution of 14 trace elements in various eye tissues are similar, and furthermore the content of trace elements in the eye tissues may be correlated in each of the three groups (group A: Cd, Fe, Se and Zn; group B: Al, Cr, Fe, Se and V; group C: Al, Au, Fe and Se).     

Alloxan诱发糖尿病实验大鼠微量元素谱的多元分析

为确认Ａｌｌｏｘａｎ发糖尿病鼠与微量元素的关连，用多元分析研究了糖尿病鼠样品中微量元素，并引出对糖尿病的新见解。用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定了Ａｌｌｏｘｚｎ诱发糖尿病鼠和对照鼠的骨、心、肾、脾、肺、肝、血和毛中１９种微量和宏量元素（Ａｌ、Ａｓ、Ｂ、Ｂａ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｓｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ） ，结果在糖尿病鼠与对照经组的微量元素间呈现一些显著差异。多元分析找到     

Determination of trace elements in coffee beans and instant coffee of various origins by INAA

Summary Extensive use of coffee, by one-third of world's population, entails the evaluation of trace element contents in it. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was successfully employed to determine the concentration of 20 trace elements (essential, toxic and nonessential) in four samples of coffee beans of various origins and two instant coffee brands most commonly consumed in Pakistan. This study provides the base-line values of certain toxic and essential elements in coffee. The daily intake of essential and toxic elements through coffee was estimated and compared with the recommended values. The cumulative intake of Mn is four times higher than the recommended value and that of toxic elements is well below the tolerance limits.     

Determination of chromium,manganese, lead and cadmium in biological samples including hair using direct electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Direct analysis of solid samples employing a laboratory assembled electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer is demonstrated to be a feasible approach for determination of trace elements in plant tissue and hair samples for special applications in plant physiology and biomedical research. As an example, the kinetics of Cr uptake by cabbage and its distribution have been measured as a function of chromium speciation in the nutrient solution. Further, longitudinal concentration gradients of Cr, Pb and Cd have been measured in hair of various population groups exposed to different levels of these elements in ambient and/or occupational environments. The techniques are validated for the determination of these trace elements by neutron activation analysis, dissolution atomic absorption spectrometry and by analysis of certified reference materials. Slurry sample introduction is found appropriate for routine trace element determination and in homogeneity testing. Direct sample introduction is indispensable in the analysis of very small (< 1 mg) tissue biopsy samples in the determination of trace element distributions.     

Use of Nuclear Techniques for the Measurement of Trace Elements in Food

Considerable interest in determining levels of trace elements in foods has occurred in the last twenty years. This interest comes from studies attempting to determine the role that elements play in the flavor and in the toxicology of food. Radiochemical methods, like instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), are common techniques used to determine dietary trace levels of various elements. A summary of other methods are also referenced in this updated review of past, present, and future uses of radiochemical methods to determine trace elements in food.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定古造液酒中微量元素含量及功能评价

目的测定古造液酒中微量元素含量,并与饮用白酒、国囍酒比较,看其微量元素含量高低情况。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定微量元素含量。检测限为0.30~3.43μg·L~(-1),回收率范围在95.4%~104.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)范围在1.1%~2.0%。结果测定方法准确可靠。古造液酒中的微量元素明显高于饮用白酒和国囍酒。结论古造液酒富含微量元素,具有较高的临床价值。     

Study on chemical species of inorganic elements in some marine algae by neutron activation analysis combined with chemical and biochemical separation techniques

The compositional changes of inorganic elements on freshwater leaching of 35 species of Chinese algae were studied by the determination of the element contents in marine algae using instrumental neutron activation analysis. It was found that alkali metals and chlorine mainly exist as ions in algae, in which, water-soluble K and Na exist as chlorides. While, other elements exist as the states of both ions and organic combination in which the water leaching ratios of alkaline earth metals are the lowest. The combination of trace elements with various organic macromolecules inSargassum kjellmanianum was also studied using neutron activation analysis combined with chemical and biochemical separation techniques. The results indicate that the concentration of many trace elements, such as Zn, Fe, Sc, Th are earths in protein are quite high, and some trace elements can also be combined by pigment and polyphenol. Alkaline earth metal mainly bind with alginic acid inSargassum kjellmanianum.