共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Organic peroxides (OPs) have caused many momentous explosions and runaway reactions, resulting from thermal instability, chemical
pollutants, and even mechanical shock. In Taiwan, dicumyl peroxide (DCPO), due to its unstable reactive nature, has caused
two thermal explosions and runaway reaction incidents in the manufacturing process. To evaluate thermal hazards of DCPO in
a batch reactor, we studied thermokinetic parameters, such as heat of decomposition (†H
d), exothermic onset temperature (T
0), maximum temperature rise ((dT/dt)max), maximum pressure rise ((dP/dt)max), self-heating rate (dT/dt), etc., via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vent sizing package 2 (VSP2). 相似文献
2.
Chun-Chin Huang Jiou-Jhu Peng Sheng-Hung Wu Hung-Yi Hou Mei-Li You Chi-Min Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2010,102(2):579-585
Cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) being catalyzed by acid is one of the crucial processes for producing phenol and acetone globally.
However, it is thermally unstable to the runaway reaction readily. In this study, various concentrations of phenol and acetone
were added into CHP for determination of thermal hazards. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were used to obtain
the parameters of exothermic behaviors under dynamic screening. The parameters included exothermic onset temperature (T
0), heat of decomposition (ΔH
d), and exothermic peak temperature (T
p). Vent sizing package 2 (VSP2) was employed to receive the maximum pressure (P
max), the maximum temperature (T
max), the self-heating rate (dT/dt), maximum pressure rise rate ((dP/dt)max), and adiabatic time to maximum rate ((TMR)ad) under the worst case. Finally, a procedure for predicting thermal hazard data was developed. The results revealed that phenol
and acetone sharply caused a exothermic reaction of CHP. As a result, phenol and acetone are important indicators that may
cause a thermal hazard in the manufacturing process. 相似文献
3.
J. M. Tseng R. H. Chang J. J. Horng M. K. Chang C. M. Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2006,85(1):189-194
Methyl
ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) possesses complex structures which have caused
many incidents involving fires or explosions by mixing with incompatible substances,
external fires, and others. In this study, reactivities or incompatibilities
of MEKPO with inorganic acids (HCl, HNO3, H3PO4
and H2SO4) were assessed by
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vent sizing package 2 (VSP2).
Parameters obtained by the above-mentioned devices could be readily employed
to discuss the runaway reaction, such as onset temperature (T
0),
heat of reaction (ΔH
d),
time to maximum rate (TMR), maximum self heat rate (dT/dt)max, adiabatic temperature
rise (ΔT
ad),
maximum pressure of decomposition (P
max)
and so on.
Mixing MEKPO with hydrochloric acid resulted in the
lowest T
0 among
inorganic acids. Nitric acid not only lowered the T
0
but also delivered the highest heat releasing rate or self heat rate (dT/dt), which was
concluded to be the worst case in terms of contamination hazards during storage
or transportation of MEKPO. 相似文献
4.
C.-Y. Jhu Y.-W. Wang C.-Y. Wen C.-C. Chiang C.-M. Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2011,106(1):159-163
Vent sizing package 2 (VSP2) was used to measure the thermal hazard and runaway characteristics of 18650 lithium-ion batteries, which were manufactured by Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Runaway reaction behaviors of these batteries were obtained: 50% state of charge (SOC), and 100% SOC. The tests evaluated the thermal hazard characteristics, such as initial exothermic temperature (T 0), self-heating rate (dT?dt ?1), pressure-rise rate (dP?dt ?1), pressure temperature profiles, maximum temperature, and pressure which were observed by adiabatic calorimetric methodology via VSP2 using customized test cells. The safety assessment of lithium-ion cells proved to be an important subject. The maximum self-heating rate (dT?dt ?1)max and the largest pressure-rise rate (dP?dt ?1)max of Sanyo 18650 lithium-ion battery of 100% SOC were measured to be 37,468.8???C?min?1 and 10,845.6?psi?min?1, respectively, and the maximum temperature was 733.1???C. Therefore, a runaway reaction is extremely serious when a lithium-ion battery is exothermic at 100% SOC. This result also demonstrated that the thermal VSP2 is an alternative method of thermal hazard assessment for battery safety research. Finally, self-reactive ratings on thermal hazards of 18650 lithium-ion batteries were studied and elucidated to a deeper extent. 相似文献
5.
Thermal explosion simulation and incompatible reaction of dicumyl peroxide by calorimetric technique
Sun-Ju Shen Sheng-Hung Wu Jen-Hao Chi Yih-Wen Wang Chi-Min Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2010,102(2):569-577
Dicumyl peroxide (DCPO) is usually employed as an initiator for polymerization, a source of free radicals, a hardener, and
a linking agent. In Asia, due to its unstable reactive nature, DCPO has caused many thermal explosions and runaway reaction
incidents in the manufacturing process. This study was conducted to elucidate its essentially thermal hazard characteristics.
In order to analyze the runaway behavior of DCPO in a batch reactor, thermokinetic parameters, such as heat of decomposition
(ΔH
d) and exothermic onset temperature (T
0), were measured via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal runaway phenomena were then thoroughly investigated
by DSC. The thermokinetics of DCPO mixed with acids or bases were determined by DSC, and the experimental data were compared
with kinetics-based curve fitting of thermal safety software (TSS). Solid thermal explosion (STE) and liquid thermal explosion
(LTE) simulations of TSS were applied to determine the fundamental thermal explosion behavior in large tanks or drums. Results
from curve fitting indicated that all of the acids or bases could induce exothermic reactions at even an earlier stage of
the experiments. In order to diminish the extent of hazard, hazard information must be provided to the manufacturing process.
Thermal hazard of DCPO mixed with nitric acid (HNO3) was more dangerous than with other acids including sulfuric acid (H2SO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and hydrochloric acid (HCl). By DSC, T
0, heat of decomposition (ΔH
d), and activation energy (E
a) of DCPO mixed with HNO3 were calculated to be 70 °C, 911 J g−1, and 33 kJ mol−1, respectively. 相似文献
6.
Sheng-Hung Wu Meng-Lung Lin Chi-Min Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2012,109(2):975-980
Tert-butyl peroxide (TBPO), is a typical organic peroxides (OPs),which is widely applied as initiator in poly-glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) reaction, and is employed to provide a free-radical in frontal polymerization, and which has also caused many thermal runaway reactions and explosions worldwide. To find an unknown and insufficient hazard information for an energetic material, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vent sizing package 2 (VSP2) were employed to detect the fundamental thermokinetic parameters involving the exothermic onset temperature (T 0), heat of decomposition (??H d), temperature rise rate (dT · dt ?1), time to maximum rate under adiabatic situation (TMRad), pressure rise rate (dP · dt ?1), and maximum pressure (P max), etc. The T 0 was calculated to be 130?°C using DSC and VSP2. Activation energy (E a) of TBPO was evaluated to be 136?kJ?mol?1 by VSP2. In view of the loss prevention, calorimetric applications and model evaluation to integrate thermal hazard development are adequate means for inherently safer design. 相似文献
7.
Sheng-Hung Wu Jun-Yen Wu Yung-Tin Wu Jin-Chuan Lee Yi-Hao Huang Chi-Min Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,111(1):669-675
Plenty of thermal explosions and runaway reactions of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) were described from 1981 to 2010 in Taiwan. Therefore, a thermal explosion accident of CHP in oxidation tower in 2010 in Taiwan was investigated because of piping breakage. In general, high concentration of CHP for thermal analysis using the calorimeter is dangerous. Therefore, a simulation method and a kinetic parameter were used to simulate thermal hazard of high concentrations of CHP only by the researcher. This study was applied to evaluate thermal hazard and to analyze storage parameters of 80 and 88 mass% CHP using three calorimeters for the oxidation tower, transportation, and 50-gallon drum. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (a non-isothermal calorimeter), thermal activity monitor III (TAM III) (an isothermal calorimeter), and vent sizing package 2 (VSP2) (an adiabatic calorimeter) were employed to detect the exothermic behavior and runaway reaction model of 80 and 88 mass% CHP. Exothermic onset temperature (T 0), heat of decomposition (ΔH d), maximum temperature (T max), time to maximum rate under isothermal condition (TMRiso) (as an emergency response time), maximum pressure (P max), maximum of self-heating rate ((dT/dt)max), maximum of pressure rise rate ((dP/dt)max), half-life time (t 1/2), reaction order (n), activation energy (E a), frequency factor (A), etc., of 80 and 88 mass% CHP were applied to prevent thermal explosion and runaway reaction accident and to calculate the critical temperature (T c). Experimental results displayed that the n of 80 and 88 mass% CHP was determined to be 0.5 and the E a of 80 and 88 mass% CHP were evaluated to be 132 and 134 kJ mol?1, respectively. 相似文献
8.
Mei-Li You Sheng-Yi Weng Min-Siou Liao Can-Yong Jhu Yun-Ting Tsai Quentin Lineberry Chi-Min Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2014,116(3):1453-1459
Isoprene monomer (IPM) is a colorless, volatile liquid obtained from petroleum or coal tar that occurs naturally in many process plants. It is used chiefly to make synthetic rubber. Our study used calorimetric approaches to conduct thermal analysis and hazard assessment of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and IPM relevant studies. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermal activity monitor III, thermogravimetry, and vent sizing package 2 were used to discuss thermal instability reaction of Al2O3, which adsorbed IPM, and find every possible reason for cases of fire to prevent any future recurrence of the package store and transport related hazards. By means of calorimetric analysis technology, we can observe thermal decomposition or mass loss for different adsorbed concentrations of IPM and Al2O3 to discuss the related thermal stability parameters, such as exothermic onset temperature (T 0), heat of decomposition (ΔH d), self-accelerating exothermic rate (dT dt ?1), pressure rise rate, and maximum reaction temperature (T max). Then, we can understand the potential hazard factors that contribute to disasters related to processing, transport, and storage of security controls and reaction process design. 相似文献
9.
Ang-Cian Li Yun-Ting Tsai Sheng-Hung Wu Chen-Wei Chiu Sun-Ju Shen Ron-Hsin Chang Chi-Min Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,113(3):1611-1618
In recent years, organic peroxides, including methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), have often caused thermal runaway reactions, fires, and thermal explosions worldwide. Under normal circumstances, H2O and dry fire-extinguishing chemicals are often employed to eliminate fire situations. We evaluated the thermal runaway reaction for MEKPO and CHP mixed with H2O and dry fire-extinguishing chemicals by differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal runaway reaction for CHP mixed with dry fire-extinguishing chemicals by vent sizing package 2. The results showed that ABC dry chemical, BC dry chemical, and XBC dry chemical all caused the decomposition of MEKPO to occur at lower onset temperature and H2O caused the ΔH d of MEKPO to become higher. On the other hand, H2O and XBC dry chemical induced the decomposition of CHP to occur at lower onset temperature as well as lower thermal explosion temperature. The maximum of self-heating rate ((dT/dt)max) and the maximum pressure-rise rate ((dP/dt)max) of CHP mixed with dry fire-extinguishing chemicals were measured lower than CHP alone. The results indicated that MEKPO and CHP are highly hazardous when mixed with H2O and some dry fire-extinguishing chemicals. In view of loss prevention, the results can be useful references for fire fighters dealing with thermal upsets in chemical plants. 相似文献
10.
Tien-Yuan Lu Chung-Cheng Chiang Sheng-Hung Wu Kuan-Chung Chen Shinn-Jou Lin Chia-Yuan Wen Chi-Min Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,114(3):1083-1088
In this study, the thermal hazard features of various lithium-ion batteries, such as LiCoO2 and LiFePO4, were assessed properly by calorimetric techniques. Vent sizing package 2 (VSP2), an adiabatic calorimeter, was used to measure the thermal hazards and runaway characteristics of the 18650 lithium-ion batteries under an adiabatic condition. The thermal behaviors of the lithium-ion batteries were obtained at normal and abnormal conditions in this study. The critical parameters for thermal hazardous behavior of lithium-ion batteries were obtained including the exothermic onset temperature (T 0), heat of decomposition (ΔH), maximum temperature (T max), maximum pressure (P max), self-heating rate (dT/dt), and pressure rise rate (dP/dt). Therefore, the result indicates the thermal runaway situation of the lithium-ion battery with different materials and voltages in view the of TNT-equivalent method by VSP2. The hazard gets greater with higher voltage. Without the consideration of other anti-pressure measurements, different voltages involving 3.3, 3.6, 3.7, and 4.2 V are evaluated to 0.11, 0.23, 0.88, and 1.77 g of TNT. Further estimation of thermal runaway reaction and decomposition reaction of lithium-ion battery can also be confirmed by VSP2. It shows that the battery of a fully charged state is more dangerous than that of a storage state. The technique results showed that VSP2 can be used to strictly evaluate thermal runaway reaction and thermal decomposition behaviors of lithium-ion batteries. The loss prevention and thermal hazard assessment are very important for development of electric vehicles as well as other appliances in the future. Therefore, our results could be applied to define important safety indices of lithium-ion batteries for safety concerns. 相似文献
11.
Kun-Yue Chen Wei-Ting Chen Chen-Wei Chiu Tsung-Chih Wu Chi-Min Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2011,106(1):235-241
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO), which has highly reactive and exothermically unstable characteristics, has been extensively
employed in the chemical industries. It has also caused many thermal explosions and runaway reaction accidents in manufacturing
processes during the last three decades in Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and China. The goal of this study was to simulate thermal
upset by MEKPO for an emergency response. Vent sizing package 2 (VSP2) was used to determine the thermokinetics of 20 mass%
MEKPO. Data of thermokinetics and hazard behaviors were employed to simulate thermal explosion in three types of vessel containing
20 mass% MEKPO under various scenarios at the same volume. To compare and appraise the difference of important parameters,
such as maximum temperature (T
max), maximum pressure (P
max), etc. This was necessary and useful for investigating the emergency response procedure associated with industrial applications. 相似文献
12.
L. -K. Wu K. -Y. Chen S. -Y. Cheng B. -S. Lee C. -M. Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2008,93(1):115-120
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is popularly employed as a reaction reagent in cleaning processes for the chemical industry and semiconductor plants. By
using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vent sizing package 2 (VSP2), this study focused on the thermal decomposition
reaction of H2O2 mixed with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with low (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 N), and high concentrations of 96 mass%, respectively. Thermokinetic data, such as exothermic
onset temperature (T
0), heat of decomposition (ΔH
d), pressure rise rate (dP/dt), and self-heating rate (dT/dt), were obtained and assessed by the DSC and VSP2 experiments. From the thermal decomposition reaction on various concentrations
of H2SO4, the experimental data of T
0, ΔH, dP/dt, and dT/dt were obtained. Comparisons of the reactivity for H2O2 and H2O2 mixed with H2SO4 (lower and higher concentrations) were evaluated to corroborate the decomposition reaction in these systems. 相似文献
13.
Thermal runaway features of 18650 lithium-ion batteries for LiFePO4 cathode material by DSC and VSP2 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chia-Yuan Wen Can-Yong Jhu Yih-Wen Wang Chung-Cheng Chiang Chi-Min Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2012,109(3):1297-1302
In view of availability, accountability, and applicability, LiFePO4 cathode material has been confirmed to be better than LiCoO2 cathode material. Nevertheless, few related researches were conducted for thermal runaway reaction of the LiFePO4 batteries. In this study, vent sizing package 2 (VSP2) and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to observe the thermal hazard of 18650 lithium-ion batteries and their content??LiFePO4 cathode material, which were manufactured by Commercial Battery, Inc. Two states of the batteries were investigated, which was charged to 3.6?V (fully charged) and 4.2?V (overcharged), respectively, and important parameters were obtained, such as self-heating rate (dT?dt ?1), pressure-rise rate (dP?dt ?1), and exothermic onset temperature (T 0). The results showed that T 0 for fully charged is about 199.94?°C and T max is about 243.23?°C. The entire battery for LiFePO4 cathode material is more stable than other lithium-ion batteries, and an entire battery is more dangerous than a single cathode material. For process loss prevention, the data of battery of VSP2 test were applied as reference for design of safer devices. 相似文献
14.
J.-M. Tseng M.-Y. Liu S.-L. Chen W.-T. Hwang J.-P. Gupta C.-M. Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2009,96(3):789-793
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) is an unstable material above certain limits of temperature, decomposing into chain reactions
by radicals. The influence of runaway reactions on this basic characteristic was assessed by evaluating kinetic parameters,
such as activation energy (E
a
), frequency factor (A), etc., by thermal activity monitor III (TAM III). This was done under three isothermal conditions of 70, 80, and 90 °C,
with MEKPO 31 mass% combined with nitric acid (HNO3 6 N) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3 6 N). Nitric acid mixed with MEKPO gave the maximum heat of reaction (△H
d
) and also induced serious reactions in the initial stage of exothermic process under the three isothermal temperatures. The
time to maximum rate (TMR) also decreased when HNO3 was mixed with MEKPO. Thus, MEKPO combined with HNO3 6 N forms a very hazardous mixture. Results of this study will be provided to relevant plants for alerting their staff on
adopting best practices in emergency response or accident control. 相似文献
15.
Jian-Ming Wei Mei-Li You Yung-Chuan Chu Chi-Min Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2012,109(3):1237-1243
When above certain temperature limits, lauroyl peroxide is an unstable material. If the thermal source cannot be properly governed during any stage in the preparation, manufacturing process, storage or transport, runaway reactions may inevitably be induced immediately. In this study, the influence of runaway reactions on its basic thermal characteristic was assessed by evaluating thermokinetic parameters, such as activation energy (E a) and frequency factor (A) by thermal activity monitor III (TAM III). This was achieved under five isothermal conditions of 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90?°C. Vent sizing package 2 (VSP2) was employed to determine the maximum pressure (P max), maximum temperature (T max ), maximum self-heating rate ((dT?dt ?1)max), maximum pressure rise rate ((dP?dt ?1)max), and isothermal time to maximum rate ((TMR)iso) under the worst case. Results of this study will be provided to relevant plants for adopting best practices in emergency response or accident control. 相似文献
16.
A. I. Kazakov Yu. I. Rubtsov G. B. Manelis L. P. Andrienko 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1997,46(12):2015-2020
Kinetic regularities of thermal decomposition of dinitramide in aqueous and sulfuric acid solutions were studied in a wide
temperature range. The rate of the thermal decomposition of dinitramide was established to be determined by the rates of decomposition
of different forms of dinitramide as the acidity of the medium increases: first, N(NO2)− anions, then HN(NO2)2 molecules, and finally, protonated H2N(NO2)2
+ cations. The temperature dependences of the rate constants of the decomposition of N(NO2)− (k
an) and HN(NO2)2 (k′ac) and the equilibrium constant of dissociation of HN(NO2)2 (K
a) were determined:k
an=1.7·1017 exp(−20.5·103/T), s−1,k′ac=7.9·1016 exp(−16.1·103/T), s−1, andK
a=1.4·10 exp(−2.6·103/T). The temperature dependences of the decomposition rate constant of H2N(NO2)2
+ (k
d) and the equilibrium constant of the dissociation of H2N(NO2)2
+ (K
d) were estimated:k
d=1012 exp(−7.9·103/T), s−1 andK
d=1.1 exp(6.4·103/T). The kinetic and thermodynamic constants obtained make it possible to calculate the decomposition rate of dinitramide solutions
in a wide range of temperatures and acidities of the medium.
In this series of articles, we report the results of studies of the thermal decomposition of dinitramide performed in 1974–1978
and not published previously.
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2129–2133, December, 1997. 相似文献
17.
Z. Fengqui H. Rongzu S. Jirong G. Hongxu 《Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Focus on Chemistry》2006,80(7):1034-1036
The kinetic parameters of the exothermic decomposition of the title compound in a temperatureprogrammed mode have been studied
by means of DSC. The DSC data obtained are fitted to the integral, differential, and exothermic rate equations by the linear
least-squares, iterative, combined dichotomous, and least-squares methods, respectively. After establishing the most probable
general expression of differential and integral mechanism functions by the logical choice method, the corresponding values
of the apparent activation energy (E
a), preexponential factor (A), and reaction order (n) are obtained by the exothermic rate equation. The results show that the empirical kinetic model function in differential
form and the values of E
a and A of this reaction are (1 − α)−4.08, 149.95 kJ mol−1, and 1014.06 s−1, respectively. With the help of the heating rate and kinetic parameters obtained, the kinetic equation of the exothermic
decomposition of the title compound is proposed. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of the compound is 155.71°C.
The above-mentioned kinetic parameters are quite useful for analyzing and evaluating the stability and thermal explosion rule
of the title compound.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
18.
The conversion of glucose and fructose into gluconic acid (GA) and sorbitol (SOR) was conducted in a batch reactor with free
(CTAB-treated or not) or immobilized cells of Zymomonas mobilis. High yields (more than 90%) of gluconic acid and sorbitol were attained at initial substrate concentration of 600 g/L (glucose
plus fructose at 1:1 ratio), using cells with glucose-fructose-oxidoreductase activity of 75 U/L. The concentration of the
products varied hyperbolically with time according to the equations (GA)=t(GA)max/(WGA +t), (SOR)=t (SOR)max/(WSor+t), vGA=[WGA (GA)max]/(WGA+t)2 and VSOR=[WSOR (SOR)max]/(WSOR+t)2. Taking the test carried out with free CTAB-treated cells as an example, the constant parameters were (GA)max= 541 g/L, (SOR)max=552 g/L, WGA=4.8h, WSOR=4.9h, υGA=112.7 g/L· and υSOR=112.7 g/L·. 相似文献
19.
Effects of flammability characteristics of steam inerting to solution of acetone in water 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
C. -H. Lin Y. -M. Chang J. -C. Lee S. -Y. Lin C. -M. Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2008,93(1):195-200
Preventing accidental explosions of flammable liquid/gas mixtures is very important. As far as flammability characteristics
are concerned, we simulated the effects of inert liquid/gas, which was filled with reactors, vessels, or closed space, employed
in the chemical process industries. The inert liquid/gas (H2O) weakened the oxygen concentration and reduced solvent vapor concentration in a 20-L-Apparatus. This study investigated
the flammability characteristics of acetone/water solutions (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 vol.%) that are controlled at
a temperature of 150°C and pressures of 101/202 kPa, respectively. The flammability parameters included flammability limits
(LEL and UEL), maximum explosion pressure (P
max), maximum explosion pressure rise ((dP dt
−1)max), and vapor deflagration index (K
g). The results of a series of experimental tests showed that UEL, P
max, and K
g all decreased with steam rising under the experimental conditions. The results can be applied to process safety design/operation
for identifying whether the inert liquid/gas (H2O) content has any substantial effects in reducing the fire and explosion hazard of the solution of interest. 相似文献
20.
Hung-Cheng Chou Nan-Chi Chen Shu-Ting Hsu Chih-Hsing Wang Sheng-Hung Wu I-Jyh Wen Sun-Ju Shen Chi-Min Shu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2014,117(2):851-855
Possessing thermal instability inherently, organic peroxides have caused many severe accidents in chemical industries all over the world. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) is usually used as initiator or oxidant because of its strong oxidizing ability in the chemical process. In this study, the thermal hazard analysis of TBHP mixed with various acids was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vent sizing package 2 were used to figure out the thermal runaway behaviors of TBHP. Thermokinetic parameters, such as exothermic onset temperature (T 0), maximum temperature (T max), and enthalpy (ΔH), were obtained from thermal curves. In addition, the activation energy (E a) and rate constant (k) were calculated by the Arrhenius equation. Therefore, the T 0 was determined to be 91.6 °C for exothermic reaction using DSC under 4 °C min?1 of heating rate. The E a for exothermic reaction was calculated to be 92.38 kJ mol?1 by DSC in this study. As far as loss prevention is concerned, thermokinetic parameters are crucial to the relevant processes in the chemical industries, particularly under process upsets. 相似文献