Photonic Spin Hall Effect as a Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensing Platform for Glucose

This study presents an innovative refractive index (RI) sensor that measures glucose concentration by utilizing the photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) in a resonant optical tunneling effect (ROTE) structure. The ROTE structure consists of three InP layers with the high RI and two analyte layers (with a high-low-high-low-high RI distribution), in which glucose solution samples with the low RI are injected. By subjecting the InP layers to external bias-assisted light, the photonic SHE can be flexibly manipulated, enabling the modulation of the sensing performance accordingly. It is found that the transverse shift of photonic SHE presents a large variation in response to the tiny change in glucose concentrations. By optimizing the parameters (i.e., intensity or wavelength) of bias light, the sensitivity of this sensor can reach as high as 735.7 µm RIU⁻¹. Compared to traditional glucose sensors, this original work implements the novel photonic SHE with the superior sensing performance. Therefore, the proposed design shows promising potential for biomedical applications, such as medical diagnoses and drug discovery.     

A Promising Mechanism for Photonic Spin Hall Effect and Refractive Index Sensing: Surface Exciton Polaritons

Surface polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of a medium, which play an important role in enhancing the photonic spin Hall effect (SHE). Among them, the successful excitation of surface exciton polaritons (SEPs) often requires cryogenic temperature, which limits their practical applications. In this contribution, a promising mechanism is presented for enhancing the photonic SHE by taking advantage of room-temperature SEPs in a prism-glass-TDBC-air configuration. By depositing the TDBC layer on plasmon active metal, the hybrid polariton, namely, surface plasmon exciton polariton (SPEP) can be observed, which gives rise to the further enhancement of photonic SHE. Furthermore, a refractive index sensor based on SEP (or SPEP) enhanced photonic SHE is proposed with the superior sensing performance. The results pave the way for the realization of giant photonic SHE in this simple and promising method, and offer the opportunity for developing highly sensitive optical sensors.     

Enhancing terahertz photonic spin Hall effect via optical Tamm state and the sensing application

The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE), characterized by two splitting beams with opposite spins, has great potential applications in nano-photonic devices, optical sensing fields, and precision metrology. We present the significant enhancement of terahertz (THz) PSHE by taking advantage of the optical Tamm state (OTS) in InSb-distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure. The spin shift of reflected light can be dynamically tuned by the structural parameters (e.g. the thickness) of the InSb-DBR structure as well as the temperature, and the maximum spin shift for a horizontally polarized incident beam at 1.1 THz can reach up to 11.15 mm. Moreover, we propose a THz gas sensing device based on the enhanced PSHE via the strong excitation of OTS for the InSb-DBR structure with a superior intensity sensitivity of 5.873×10⁴ mm/RIU and good stability. This sensor exhibits two orders of magnitude improvement compared with the similar PSHE sensor based on InSb-supported THz long-range surface plasmon resonance. These findings may provide an alternative way for the enhanced PSHE and offer the opportunity for developing new optical sensing devices.     

多层介质中的光自旋霍尔效应研究

本文研究了光束通过多层介质分界面的光自旋霍尔效应. 以三层介质为例,建立了光束通过棱镜-空气-棱镜结构的传输模型,揭示了横移与空气介质的厚度、折射率梯度以及入射角等因素的定性关系. 发现对某一特定的圆偏振光束,改变两棱镜之间的折射率梯度可以调控横移,反射场与传输场的横移方向取决于折射率梯度. 相对于两层介质来说,高斯光束通过三层介质能明显地增强光自旋霍尔效应. 研究多层介质中光自旋霍尔效应横移的影响因素可为调控和增强光自旋霍尔效应提供理论依据. 关键词： 光自旋霍尔效应 横移 折射率梯度     

Flexibly Enhanced Photonic Spin Hall Effect via Selective Brewster Angle

The manipulating of photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) plays a crucial role for development of spin-dependent nanodevices and systems. Since the photonic SHE is generally enhanced near the Brewster angle, the choice of incident angle usually has low flexibility with natural materials due to their dielectric constants. Herein, an efficient method to flexibly enhance the photonic SHE by utilizing selective Brewster angle in an anisotropic metamaterial is proposed. Through adjusting the thickness ratio of two media in metamaterial, the Brewster angle can be flexibly adjusted in a broad range (nearly 0–90°). With the selective Brewster angle, the spin-dependent transverse shift can be enhanced at nearly arbitrary incident angles. Furthermore, based on this structure, a binary encoding system is demonstrated, realizing information conversion around incident angles. This research work provides more possibilities for applications in manipulating photonic SHE.     

Photonic spin Hall effect in PT symmetric metamaterials

We proposed and demonstrated that PT symmetric metamaterials could be used to achieve enhanced spin Hall effect (SHE) of light. We find that when laser mode is excited in PT symmetric system, the enhanced SHE could be obtained in both transmitted and reflected beams. In addition, as exceptional points (EPs) of PT symmetric system can happen for both p- and s-polarizations, the enhanced SHE of reflected light can function for both horizontally and vertically polarized incident beams. Particularly, these EPs can lead to unidirectional reflectionlessness, asymmetric SHE with maximum contrast ratio of 48 is obtained by launching light beams near EPs. Our work opens up a new path to obtain enhanced transverse displacement for both reflected and transmitted light and enables more opportunities in manipulating photonic SHE.     

Switching the direction of spin accumulation in the spin Hall effect of light by adjusting the optical axis of an uniaxial crystal

We theoretically and experimentally investigate a switchable spin Hall effect (SHE) of light in reflection near the Brewster angle at an air-uniaxial crystal interface. We find a large transverse spin splitting near the Brewster angle, whose sign can be altered by rotating the optical axis. As an analogy of the SHE in an electronic system, a switchable spin accumulation in the SHE of light is detected. We are able to switch the direction of the spin accumulation by adjusting the optical axis angle of the uniaxial crystal. These findings may give opportunities for photon spin manipulating and developing a new generation of nano-photonic devices.     

A review of photonic crystal fiber sensor applications for different physical quantities

Since the early conceptual and practical demonstrations in the late 1990s, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have attracted considerable interest by virtue of their promise to deliver a unique range of optical properties that are simply not possible in standard fiber types. Hollow-core photonic band gap fiber has the potential to overcome some of the fundamental limitations of solid fiber as they also provide a unique medium for a range of light. PCF also be used as a unique optical material to make sensors due to the air-holes that can be filled with different materials (liquid, gas or even solid) to alter the difference of refractive index (RI) in the two modes, has been used in various sensing search fields. The application of PCF on physical quantities is discussed, and the recent results on temperature, magnetic, strain and vibration are reviewed. These developments demonstrate that the enlarged complexity and decreased accuracy of sensors offered by PCF make it useful in a wide range of engineering monitoring applications.     

光子自旋霍尔效应及其在物性参数测量中的应用

光子自旋霍尔效应是指光束在非均匀介质中传输时,自旋角动量相反的光子在垂直于入射 面的方向发生的横向自旋相关分裂。光子自旋霍尔效应可以和电子自旋霍尔效应作类比：自旋光 子扮演自旋电子的角色,折射率梯度扮演外场的角色。光子自旋霍尔效应源于光的自旋-轨道相互 作用,和两类几何相位有关：一类是动量空间的自旋重定向Rytov-Vlasimirskii-Berry 相位;另 一类是斯托克斯参数空间的Pancharatnam-Berry 相位。光子自旋霍尔效应对物性参数非常敏感, 结合量子弱测量技术,在物性参数测量、光学传感等领域具有重要的应用前景。本文将简单分析 光子自旋霍尔效应的物理根源,回顾近几年不同物理系统中光子自旋霍尔效应的研究进展,介绍 光子自旋霍尔效应在物性参数测量中的应用。最后,展望其在光学模拟运算、显微成像、量子成 像等领域的可能发展方向。     

基于合金介电常数的可控特性增强光子自旋霍尔效应

基于平面角谱理论,系统研究了BK7玻璃-合金薄膜-空气结构中合金介电常数的变化对反射光自旋霍尔效应的调控规律.数值仿真结果表明,该结构发生表面等离激元共振的共振角主要受合金介电常数实部的影响,随介电常数实部的增加而增大,而虚部对共振角变化的影响相对较小.不同介电常数合金在其共振角处得到的较大光子自旋霍尔效应横移呈集中的带状分布,选取介电常数-2.8+1.6i的Ag-Ni合金时,光子自旋霍尔效应横移能达到1.2×10~5 nm.研究还发现将入射角固定为44.1°时,光子自旋霍尔效应横移随合金介电常数的变化呈轴对称分布,并以最大值为中心呈球面状辐射,离中心点越远光子自旋霍尔效应横移越小.选取介电常数-10.6+1.2i的Ag-Au合金时,光子自旋霍尔效应横移最大能达到8000 nm,相比于以往纯金属纳米结构BK7玻璃-金-空气中得到的最大光子自旋霍尔效应横移3000 nm有了较大的提高.该研究不仅能够有效增强光子自旋霍尔效应,还能为设计等离激元共振传感器等纳米光子器件提供理论依据.     

折射率梯度引起反转的光自旋霍尔效应研究

从经典电动力学出发,研究了由折射率梯度导致的反转光自旋霍尔效应。通过分析光从光疏介质入射到光密介质和从光密介质入射到光疏介质两种情况,揭示了光自旋霍尔效应中的横移与偏振态、折射率梯度以及入射角等因素的定性关系。当入射角一定时,光从光疏介质入射到光密介质时的水平偏振横移绝对值大于垂直偏振横移,而从光密介质入射到光疏介质的情况正好与之相反,并且传输场的横移方向取决于折射率梯度方向,增大入射角能明显增强光自旋霍尔效应,对某一特定的线偏振光束,其左、右旋圆偏振光分量的横移等值反向。这些研究结果为调控光自旋霍尔效应提供了有效途径。     

Optically induced spin-Hall effect in atoms

We propose an optical means to realize the spin-Hall effect (SHE) in a neutral atomic system by coupling the internal spin states of atoms to radiation. The interaction between the external optical fields and the atoms creates effective magnetic fields that act in opposite directions on "electrically" neutral atoms with opposite spin polarizations. This effect leads to a Landau level structure for each spin orientation in direct analogy with the familiar SHE in semiconductors. The conservation and topological properties of the spin current, and the creation of a pure spin current are discussed.     

Enhanced photonic spin Hall effect with subwavelength topological edge states

Photonic structures offer unique opportunities for controlling light‐matter interaction, including the photonic spin Hall effect associated with the transverse spin‐dependent displacement of a light beam that propagates in specially designed optical media. However, due to small spin‐orbit coupling, the photonic spin Hall effect is usually weak at the nanoscale. Here we suggest theoretically and demonstrate experimentally, in both optics and microwave experiments, the photonic spin Hall effect enhanced by topologically protected edge states in subwavelength arrays of resonant dielectric particles. Based on direct near‐field measurements, we observe the selective excitation of the topological edge states controlled by the handedness of the incident light. Additionally, we reveal the main requirements to the symmetry of photonic structures to achieve the topology‐enhanced spin Hall effect, and also analyse the robustness of the photonic edge states against the long‐range coupling.

     

Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in spin Hall effect of light

From the viewpoint of classical electrodynamics, we identify the role of spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in spin Hall effect (SHE) of light. We introduce a distinct separation between spin and orbital angular momenta to clarify the spin–orbital interaction in conventional beam refraction. We demonstrate that the refractive index gradient can enhance or suppress the spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion, and thus can control the SHE of light. We suggest that the metamaterial whose refractive index can be tailored arbitrarily may become a good candidate for amplifying or eliminating the SHE of light, and by properly facilitating the spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion the SHE may be enhanced dramatically. The transverse spatial shifts governed by the spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion, provide us a clear physical picture to clarify the role of refractive index gradient in the SHE of light. These findings provide a pathway for modulating the SHE of light and can be extrapolated to other physical systems.     

一维缺陷光子晶体温度的测量

采用Si和SiO₂两种介质材料构造一维缺陷光子晶体,缺陷层介质为Si,利用传输矩阵法对带有缺陷的一维光子晶体的传光特性进行了理论分析,并得到其带隙特性.由于缺陷的存在,使得光子晶体的透射谱中产生缺陷峰.当被测温度变化时,根据两种介质的热光效应和热膨胀效应,光子晶体介质和缺陷层的光学厚度和折射率发生变化,透射谱缺陷峰产生漂移,由缺陷峰的中心波长漂移量得到被测温度的大小.构建了一维缺陷光子晶体测量温度的实验系统,实验结果表明缺陷峰中心波长与光子晶体所受的温度呈线性关系,测量灵敏度为0—2 关键词： 温度测量 一维光子晶体 传输矩阵法 缺陷峰     

光子晶体的相位特性在高灵敏温度传感器中的应用

对含耦合缺陷的不对称结构光子晶体的研究发现,其缺陷模频率附近的反射率接近于1,而缺陷模频率附近反射光的相移随频率迅速改变;当缺陷层为折射率的温度敏感材料时,温度的极微小变化就能使处于缺陷模频率的反射光相移发生很显著变化.根据这一原理,设计了高灵敏高分辨率的相位温度传感器.以高灵敏高分辨率的温度传感器为例,介绍高灵敏高分辨率的相位传感器的工作原理. 关键词： 光子晶体 相位 传感器     

Transmission of terahertz radiation using a microstructured polymer optical fiber

A hollow-core microstructured polymer optical fiber was analyzed in the terahertz (THz) region. Spectral analysis of time domain data shows propagation of THz waves in both the hollow-core and the microstructured cladding with a time delay of approximately 20 ps. The frequency range and shift of the transmission bands between different sized waveguides suggested photonic bandgap or resonant guidance. Finite-difference time domain calculations agree relatively well to the experimental transmission results. Propagation losses were estimated to be as low as 0.9 dB/cm.     

从光子晶体效应到表面等离子波的实时演变

文章报道了激光诱导太赫兹表面等离子谐振效应。采用激光抽运-太赫兹波探测技术，实时改变单晶硅中的载流子浓度，使其介电特性从类绝缘体演变为类金属导体，以支持表面等离子谐振效应，进而实现太赫兹波在周期性亚波长单晶硅孔阵列中的实时可控制谐振增强传输。同时还通过实验观测到太赫兹波从光子晶体效应到表面等离子波的实时演变。文章作者采用Fano模型对实验结果进行模拟分析，获得了与实验数据一致的理论拟合。     

基于自准直效应的光子晶体异质结偏振分束器

基于光子晶体的自准直效应和禁带特性,提出了一种具有非正交异质结结构的光子晶体偏振分束器.无需引入缺陷或波导,可使光波在该结构中准直无发散地传输并实现分束功能,对制造工艺的要求大大降低.利用Rsoft软件,结合平面波展开法和二维时域有限差分法,对提出的偏振分束器进行了仿真研究.结果表明,该偏振分束器在一个较大的频率范围f=0.275—0.285(a/λ)内可实现横电(TE)和横磁(TM)模的大角度偏振分离,TE和TM模的透过率均在88%以上,偏振消光比分别大于26.57 dB和17.50 dB.该结构可应用到太赫兹波段的传输系统中,a=26μm,尺寸大小为572μm×546μm,在91—95μm波长范围内可实现TE和TM模的分离.利用该结构可设计用于光通信系统(n=3.48)的偏振分束器,a=426.25 nm,结构仅为9.38μm×8.95μm.本方案结构简单,易于集成,有望在集成光路的发展中发挥重要作用.     

Numerical analysis of a temperature sensor based on the photonic band gap effect in a photonic crystal fiber

In this paper we investigate, by the plane wave expansion method and an analytical model, the temperature effect on the photonic band gap fiber, and we report on a numerical demonstration of a temperature sensor based on the photonic band gap (PBG) shift in a solid core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) infiltrated with a high refractive index oil. The bandwidth and the position of the central wavelength of the band gap are the parameters of interests for our temperature sensing purpose. Simulation results were found to be in excellent agreement with the refractive index scaling law and the highest sensitivity of 3.21?nm/°C was achieved, and it will be even higher than the grating based sensors written in PCFs with similar structure.