Torque-balanced high-density steady states of single-component plasmas

Electron plasmas in a Penning-Malmberg trap are compressed radially using a rotating electric field (the "rotating-wall technique"). For large electric fields, plasmas can be compressed over a broad range of frequencies. This permits access to a novel high-density regime in which outward transport is insensitive to plasma density. The limiting density occurs when the plasma rotation frequency equals the rotating-wall frequency. Characteristics of the resulting torque-balanced steady states are described, and implications for high-density electron and positron plasma confinement are discussed.     

Feed optimization for the slotted line antenna for high-densityplasma production

Investigations on the optimization of feed structures for exciting the slotted line antenna for high-density plasma production are presented. Each feed structure used (except the direct feed) excites a preferred component of the wave electric/magnetic field. It is seen that the efficacy of plasma production using the different feeds depends directly on the relative importance of the field components (which the feeds excite) for the flow wave mode of the antenna. The optimal feed is shown to be a dipole antenna, oriented so as to excite the radial component of the electric field within the slotted line structure. The plasma characterization results as a function of the input microwave power and the magnetic field in the antenna region are also presented and discussed. The ability of the antenna to maintain high-density plasmas well away from electron-cyclotron resonance is demonstrated     

介质面刻槽抑制二次电子倍增蒙特卡罗模拟

利用蒙特卡罗方法,针对介质表面刻槽抑制二次电子倍增的实验现象,进行了数值模拟研究。给出了二次电子倍增动力学方程、刻槽边界条件、二次电子初始能量与角度分布以及发射率分布关系;讨论了槽深、槽宽对二次电子倍增的抑制效果,以及同一刻槽结构对不同微波场强度和频率的二次电子倍增抑制能力;分析了双边二次电子倍增区域。数值研究结果表明:增加槽深、缩短槽宽可以抑制二次电子倍增;同一刻槽结构,更易于抑制高频场、场强较低或较高下的二次电子倍增;刻槽尺寸的选择还应避开双边二次电子倍增区间。将数值模拟结果与相关实验现象进行了对比,吻合得较好。     

Surface polaritons in a dielectric at a boundary with a metal in a static electric field

The existence of surface polaritons in a dielectric at a boundary with an ideal metal or superconductor in a static electric field is predicted. The frequency regions in which polaritons exist are substantially different for opposite orientations of the electric field, so that a change in the direction of the field signifies “switching on” or “switching off” of surface polaritons with a fixed frequency. Pis'ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, No. 12, 876–880 (25 December 1998)     

Interaction of polar molecules with a resonant RF electric field: strong deflection of a NO molecular beam

Deflection of a cold supersonic NO beam seeded in He has been observed when these molecules interact with both static and a resonant oscillating electric field. The NO beam splits into two beams each one deflecting about 0.5° towards the positive and negative direction of the Stark field when the employed resonant frequency between the two Stark levels of the NO molecule is 1515 kHz. This deflection angle is about four orders of magnitude higher than the value one would expect from the NO dipole moment and the employed RF field gradient. This phenomenon suggests the possibility of a significant translational motion perpendicular to the beam axis, which is induced by the resonant RF electric field on the cold and high-density supersonic beam.     

THz media characterization by means of coherent homodyne detection, results and potential applications

This paper describes the performance of a coherent homodyne spectrometer to preserve phase information of the THz electric field. Thereby, optical constants of a high resistive silicon sample are presented between 200 GHz and 1.2 THz. The phase shift introduced by such a thick sample is much greater than 2π, and the manner of solving the ambiguity of the modulo 2π is discussed and can be used to surround the refractive index mainly at high frequency where the signal to noise ratio decreases. The analysis of the coherent homodyne signal as a function as the frequency at a fixed delay line permits deduction of sample thickness or measurement of distance without any mechanical displacement, and so facilitates potential ranging and tomography studies. PACS 73.40.sx; 33.20.Bx; 39.30.+w     

Dispersion behavior of electromagnetic wave near the resonance in 1D magnetized ferrite photonic crystals

In the present article, we have analyzed the dispersion of electromagnetic wave in the one dimensional magnetized ferrite photonic crystals near the resonance in the permeability of the constituent materials for transverse magnetization in the transverse electric mode. The dispersion relation is obtained by transfer matrix method. It is observed that in the vicinity of resonant frequency, large numbers of oscillations occur in the normalized Bloch wave number. These oscillations in the Bloch wave number are strongly dependent on external magnetic fields, filling factor, and damping constant. The frequency regime of these oscillations is found to be shifted in higher frequency range with increase in the magnitude of the magnetic fields. With increase in the filling factor keeping length of periods fixed, number of oscillations is found to be increased. Near the resonance, effect of incident angle is negligible. It is demonstrated that these nearly equidistant oscillations occurring in the vicinity of resonance may be used for making filter in micro wave frequency range.     

Current Oscillation and dc-Voltage-Controlled Chaotic Dynamics in Semiconductor Superlattices

We report a detailed theoretical study of current oscillation and dc-voltage-controlled chaotic dynamics in doped GaAs/AlAs resonant tunneling superlattices under crossed electric and magnetic fields. When the superlattice is biased at the negative differential velocity region, current self-oscillation is observed with proper doping concentration. The current oscillation mode and oscillation frequency can be affected by the dc voltage bias, doping density, and magnetic field. When an ac electric field with fixed amplitude and frequency is also applied to the system, different nonlinear properties show up in the external circuit with the change of dc voltage bias. We carefully study these nonlinear properties with different chaos-detecting methods.     

Electron field emission properties of highly dense carbon nanotube arrays

In this paper, we have studied field emission properties of highly dense arrays of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) used as cathodes in diode-type field emission devices with a phosphor screen. For the high-density CNT emitters it is demonstrated that the emission sites are located on the CNT-cathode edges, which is direct experimental evidence of the ‘edge effect’. The results of computer simulations (using ‘ANSYS Electromagnetic’ software) are presented to confirm the experimental data and to analyze the effect of patterning on the electric field distribution for high-density CNT arrays. It is shown that selective-area removal of nanotubes in the arrays leads to the formation of additional edges characterized by the high field enhancement factor and enhanced emission from the CNT cathodes. In addition, scanning probe microscopy techniques are employed to examine surface properties of the high-density CNT arrays. For CNT arrays of ‘short’ nanotubes, the work function distribution over the sample surface is detected using a scanning Kelvin microscopy method.     

Thickness-shear vibration of a quartz plate connected to piezoelectric plates and electric field sensing

We study thickness-shear vibration of a quartz plate connected to two piezoelectric ceramic plates with initial deformations caused by a biasing electric field. The theory for small deformations superposed on finite biasing deformations in an electroelastic body is used. It is shown that the resonant frequencies of the incremental thickness-shear vibration of the quartz plate vary with the biasing electric field. The biasing electric field induced frequency shift depends linearly on the field. Therefore this effect may be used for electric field sensing. The dependence of the electric field induced frequency shift on various material and geometric parameters is examined. When the electric field is of the order of 100 V/mm, the relative frequency shift is of the order of 10⁻⁵. The case when the piezoelectric plates are replaced by piezomagnetic plates is also investigated for magnetic field sensing, and similar results are obtained.     

Gravitomagnetic Effects on Collective Plasma Oscillations in Compact Stars

The effects of gravitomagnetic force on plasma oscillations are investigated using the kinetic theory of homogeneous electrically neutral plasma in the absence of external electric or magnetic field. The random phase assumption is employed neglecting the thermal motion of the electrons with respect to a fixed ion background. It is found that the gravitomagnetic force reduces the characteristic frequency of the plasma thus enhancing the refractive index of the medium. The estimates for the predicted effects are given for a typical white dwarf, pulsar, and neutron star.     

Generation of wakefields in a dielectric structure filled with plasma

The effect of plasma on the amplitude of the wakefield excited in a dielectric structure by a relativistic electron bunch train is studied. The structure under study is a dielectric cylindrical waveguide with an axial drift channel filled with plasma. The dependences of the amplitude of a longitudinal electric field on the plasma density are obtained for the following three cases: the parameters of the dielectric structure and bunches are fixed; the inside or outside radius of the dielectric tube changes according a change in the plasma frequency, and the bunch repetition frequency is adjusted to the plasma frequency and the frequency of the first radial mode of a dielectric wave. It is shown that, when the eigenwave frequencies are adjusted to the bunch repetition frequency via a change in the structure radii, the maximum of the accelerating field is determined by a plasma wave, and there is a plasma density range where a dielectric wave significantly contributes to the total field amplitude. In the case of changing the outside radius, this range is substantially wider.     

基于不动点理论的多系统兼容接收机频点选择问题的研究与遗传算法实现

基于不动点理论研究了多系统兼容接收机的频点选择问题,并引入遗传算法解决了这一问题.将Banach不动点理论引入频点空间,提出并证明了频点空间中频点集的遗传进化过程反映了频点空间呈现出的一种不动点物理特性;经过频点空间算子的足够多次的反复遗传进化作用,频点空间中的任一迭代序列源频点集都将最终收敛于唯一不动点目标频点集,而该不动点目标频点集中的目标频点即为该频点选择问题的最优解.完成了遗传算法应用于频点选择问题的理论研究与实现.仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效地解决多系统兼容接收机的频点选择问题. 关键词： 多系统 接收机 遗传算法 不动点     

Stability of capillary waves with arbitrary symmetry on the surface of a jet in a longitudinal electric field periodically varying with time

The Mathieu differential equation for the evolution of the amplitudes of arbitrarily symmetric capillary waves (with arbitrary azimuthal numbers) propagating over the surface of a incompressible dielectric cylindrical liquid jet is analyzed. The jet is placed in a time-periodic uniform electric field that is parallel to the symmetry axis of the jet unperturbed by the wave flow. It is found that the time-varying electric field pressure parametrically builds up both axisymmetric waves on the jet surface, flexural waves, and flexural deformation waves. At a fixed frequency of the external field, waves with different wavelengths and symmetries (different azimuthal numbers) may build up simultaneously in the main demultiplication resonance, as well as in secondary and tertiary resonances. The parametric buildup of flexural deformation waves has a threshold relative to the external field frequency: it takes place at the field frequency exceeding a certain value depending on the jet radius and physicochemical properties of the liquid.     

Effects of high-frequency and high-voltage pulsed electric field parameters on water chain formation

Separation methods utilizing high-frequency and high-voltage pulsed DC electric fields have been used extensively in the oil and petroleum industries, where the occurrence of water-in-oil dispersions is highly unwelcome because of physical constraints and the high maintenance costs required to treat these dispersions. This paper reports the results of studies of the effects of applied electric field parameters, including electric field strength, frequency, and duty ratio, on water chain formation in water-in-oil emulsions. The investigations were performed in a rectangular Perspex^® cell. The results of the studies show that dipole–dipole forces dominate the process of water chain formation. At low electric field strength, frequency, or duty ratio, dipole–dipole forces are negligible; therefore, the process of water chain formation and aqueous drop coalescence are inconspicuous. However, at high electric field strength, frequency, or duty ratio, significant dipole–dipole forces give rise to water chain formation and aqueous drop coalescence. At extremely high electric field strength, frequency, or duty ratio, aqueous drops are excessively polarized and disintegrate, inhibiting the processes of water chain formation and aqueous drop coalescence. The optimum electric field parameters for separation of water-in-oil dispersions are as follows: electric field strength, 3.80 kV cm⁻¹; frequency, 4.0 kHz; and duty ratio, 0.65.     

垂直极化平行板有界波电磁脉冲模拟器辐射近场的快速估算方法

为快速估算出垂直极化平行板有界波电磁脉冲(EMP)模拟器的时域近场,将散射传递函数法应用于该类型模拟器近场的时域计算中,即对于给定的脉冲源,先寻找有效频谱范围能覆盖该源的高斯脉冲源,并应用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法计算该高斯脉冲源激励时模拟器中测试点场的时域响应,再利用傅里叶变换、系统的传递函数及傅里叶逆变换计算得到给定脉冲源激励时各测试点场的瞬态响应。所得计算结果与直接使用给定脉冲源激励时FDTD方法的计算结果符合较好。所述方法可用于同一模拟器在不同脉冲源激励时辐射近场的快速估算,能大大减少FDTD模拟计算的次数,尤其对于中大型模拟器能有效减少计算时间和内存。     

基于电磁谐振分离的宽带低雷达截面超材料吸波体

基于超材料的电磁谐振特性, 设计、制作了一种极化无关的宽带低雷达散射截面 (radar cross section, RCS)超材料吸波体. 通过场分布和反演法分析了其吸波机理, 利用波导法和空间波法测试了其吸波率和RCS特性. 理论分析表明: 在平面波的作用下, 该吸波体对某一吸波频率在不同的位置分别提供电谐振和磁谐振, 对不同的吸波频率, 利用不同的介质层提供主要的能量损耗, 从而有效减弱了电磁耦合, 保证了宽频带的强吸收特性. 实验结果表明: 设计的三层结构吸波体吸波率达90%以上的带宽是单层结构的4.25倍, RCS减缩10 dB以上的带宽为5.1%, 其单元尺寸为0.17λ, 厚度仅为0.015λ. 该吸波体的低RCS特性还具有极化无关、宽入射角的特点, 且通过改变吸波体的夹层结构可以实现工作带宽的灵活调节. 关键词： 超材料吸波体 雷达散射截面 宽带 电磁谐振     

Structural arrest in an ideal gas

We report a molecular dynamics study of a simple model system that has the static properties of an ideal gas, yet exhibits nontrivial "glassy" dynamics behavior at high densities. The constituent molecules of this system are constructs of three infinitely thin hard rods of length L, rigidly joined at their midpoints. The crosses have random but fixed orientation. The static properties of this system are those of an ideal gas, and its collision frequency can be computed analytically. For number densities NL(3)/V>1, the single-particle diffusivity goes to zero. As the system is completely structureless, standard mode-coupling theory cannot describe the observed structural arrest. Nevertheless, the system exhibits many dynamical features that appear to be mode-coupling-like. All high-density incoherent intermediate scattering functions collapse onto master curves that depend only on the wave vector.     

Observations of Edge Plasma on HL-2A Tokamak

The edge plasma characteristics are studied by a movable array of Mach/Reynolds stress/Langmuir 10-probes and fast reciprocating 4-probes in the boundary region. These probes can measure edge plasma temperature, density, poloidal electric field, radial electric field, Reynolds stress, poloidal rotation velocities and their profiles obtained by changing the radial positions of the probe array in different discharges. Measurement resuits are used to analyze plasma confinement, turbulent fluctuations and their correlation. The fixed flush 3-probe arrays are mounted on the 4-divertor neutralization plates at the same toroidal cross-section in divertor chamber. These probes are used to measure the profiles of the electron temperature, density and float potential in divertor chamber.