Wave front fragmentation due to ventricular geometry in a model of the rabbit heart

The role of the heart's complex shape in causing the fragmentation of activation wave fronts characteristic of ventricular fibrillation (VF) has not been well studied. We used a finite element model of cardiac propagation capable of simulating functional reentry on curved two-dimensional surfaces to test the hypothesis that uneven surface curvature can cause local propagation block leading to proliferation of reentrant wave fronts. We found that when reentry was induced on a flat sheet, it rotated in a repeatable meander pattern without breaking up. However, when a model of the rabbit ventricles was formed from the same medium, reentrant wave fronts followed complex, nonrepeating trajectories. Local propagation block often occurred when wave fronts propagated across regions where the Gaussian curvature of the surface changed rapidly. This type of block did not occur every time wave fronts crossed such a region; rather, it only occurred when the wave front was very close behind the previous wave in the cycle and was therefore propagating into relatively inexcitable tissue. Close wave front spacing resulted from nonstationary reentrant propagation. Thus, uneven surface curvature and nonstationary reentrant propagation worked in concert to produce wave front fragmentation and complex activation patterns. None of the factors previously thought to be necessary for local propagation block (e.g., heterogeneous refractory period, steep action potential duration restitution) were present. We conclude that the complex geometry of the heart may be an important determinant of VF activation patterns. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics.     

Tensor optimized antisymmetrized molecular dynamics for relativistic nuclear matter

We apply a newly developed many-body theory, tensor optimized antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (TOAMD), to nuclear matter using a relativistic bare nucleon-nucleon interaction in the relativistic framework. It becomes evident that the tensor interaction plays an important role in nuclear many-body system due to the role of the pion in a strongly interacting system. We take the relativistic nuclear matter (RNM) wave function as a basic state and add tensor and short-range correlation operators in the form of pion and omega-meson correlation functions acting on the RNM wave function using the concept of TOAMD. We use the Monte Carlo (Metropolis) method based on the Gaussian integration and the second quantization method for antisymmetrization to calculate all the matrix elements of the many-body Hamiltonian. We write the whole formula of the TOAMD method for numerical calculations of the nuclear binding and saturation properties of nuclear matter using one-boson exchange potential.     

Numerical, analytical, and experimental studies of scattering from very rough surfaces and backscattering enhancement

This paper Presents numerical simulations, theoretical analysis, and millimeter wave experiments for scattering from one-dimensional very rough surfaces. First, numerical simulations are used to investigate the effects of roughness spectrum, height variation, interface medium, polarization, and incident angle on the backscattering enhancement. The enhanced backscattering due to rough surface scattering is divided into two cases; the RMS height close to a wavelength and RMS slope close to unity, and RMS height much smaller than a wavelength with surface wave contributions. Results also show that the enhancement is sensitive to the roughness spectrum. Next, a theory based on the first- and second-order Kirchhoff approximation modified with angular and propagation shadowing is developed. The theoretical solutions provide a physical explanation of backscattering enhancement and agree well with the numerical results. In addition to the scattering of a monochromatic wave, the analytical results of the broadening and lateral spreading of a pulsed beam wave scattering from rough surfaces are also discussed. Finally, the existence of backscattering enhancement from one-dimensional very rough conducting surfaces with exact Gaussian statistics and Gaussian roughness spectrum is verified by a millimeter-wave experiment. Experimental results which show enhanced backscattering for both TE and TM polarizations for different angles of incidence are presented.     

Numerical modelling of spectral,temporal and statistical properties of Raman fiber lasers

Efficient numerical modelling of the power, spectral and statistical properties of partially coherent quasi-CW Raman fiber laser radiation is presented. XPM between pump wave and generated Stokes wave is not important in the generation spectrum broadening and XPM term can be omitted in propagation equation what sufficiently speeds-up simulations. The time dynamics of Raman fiber laser (RFL) is stochastic exhibiting events several times more intense that the mean value on the ps timescale. However, the RFL has different statistical properties on different time scales. The probability density function of spectral power density is exponential for the generation modes located either in the spectrum centre or spectral wings while the phases are distributed uniformly. The pump wave preserves the initial Gaussian statistics during propagation in the laser cavity. Intense pulses in the pump wave are evolved under the SPM influence and are not disturbed by the dispersion. Contrarily, in the generated wave the dispersion plays a significant role that results in stochastic behavior.     

Effect of rippled laser beam on excitation of ion acoustic wave

Growth of a radially symmetrical ripple, superimposed on a Gaussian laser beam in collisional unmagnetised plasma is investigated. From numerical computation, it is observed that self-focusing of main beam as well as ripple determine the growth dynamics of ripple with the distance of propagation. The effect of growing ripple on excitation of ion acoustic wave (IAW) has also been studied.     

Wavelet based spectral analysis of optical solitons

The propagation of solitons or a pulse or a signal through optical fibers has been a major area of research given its potential applicability in all optical communication systems. In a modern optical communication system, the transmission link is composed of optical fibers and amplifiers. This manifests in noise, clutters and distortion when the signal propagates through optical fibers, consequently affecting the capacity and performance of the optical system. The dynamics of solitons has therefore become an active field of research in nonlinear optics for couple of decades. The nonlinear Schrodinger's equation (NLSE) with log law nonlinearity governs the propagation of optical solitons through optical fibers and its dynamics. Most of the studies reveal that the optical solitons have Gaussian wave profile called Gaussons. This entails the use of wavelet techniques for the processing of optical solitons.     

Numerical,analytical, and experimental studies of scattering from very rough surfaces and backscattering enhancement

Abstract

This paper Presents numerical simulations, theoretical analysis, and millimeter wave experiments for scattering from one-dimensional very rough surfaces. First, numerical simulations are used to investigate the effects of roughness spectrum, height variation, interface medium, polarization, and incident angle on the backscattering enhancement. The enhanced backscattering due to rough surface scattering is divided into two cases; the RMS height close to a wavelength and RMS slope close to unity, and RMS height much smaller than a wavelength with surface wave contributions. Results also show that the enhancement is sensitive to the roughness spectrum. Next, a theory based on the first- and second-order Kirchhoff approximation modified with angular and propagation shadowing is developed. The theoretical solutions provide a physical explanation of backscattering enhancement and agree well with the numerical results. In addition to the scattering of a monochromatic wave, the analytical results of the broadening and lateral spreading of a pulsed beam wave scattering from rough surfaces are also discussed. Finally, the existence of backscattering enhancement from one-dimensional very rough conducting surfaces with exact Gaussian statistics and Gaussian roughness spectrum is verified by a millimeter-wave experiment. Experimental results which show enhanced backscattering for both TE and TM polarizations for different angles of incidence are presented.     

非傍轴高斯光束传输方程解的探讨

由洛伦兹规范下光场满足的矢势和标势方程出发, 探讨了初始光场具有任意对称性的一般非傍轴光束在空间的传输情况。利用角频谱并结合傅里叶变换处理得到了非傍轴光束的传输方程。利用扰动方法并结合新近似取法得到了非傍轴横向光场的扰动形式解, 该解对于近场弱非傍轴情况下的效果比强非傍轴条件下要好。给出了光束非傍轴传输高阶(八阶)修正解。对于零阶情况, 非傍轴光束退化为傍轴光束, 传输方程也相应退化为傍轴传输的模型方程。高斯解为扰动参量的零阶修正解。     

Propagation characteristics of oblique incidence terahertz wave through non-uniform plasma

The propagation characteristics of oblique incidence terahertz(THz) waves through non-uniform plasma are investigated by the shift-operator finite-difference time-domain(SO-FDTD) method combined with the phase matching condition.The electron density distribution of the non-uniform plasma is assumed to be in a Gaussian profile. Validation of the present method is performed by comparing the results with those obtained by an analytical method for a homogeneous plasma slab.Then the effects of parameters of THz wave and plasma layer on the propagation properties are analyzed. It is found that the transmission coefficients greatly depend on the incident angle as well as on the thickness of the plasma, while the polarization of the incident wave has little influence on the propagation process in the range of frequency considered in this paper. The results confirm that the THz wave can pass through the plasma sheath effectively under certain conditions,which makes it a potential candidate to overcome the ionization blackout problem.     

A numerical technique for solving the scalar wave equation for Gaussian and smoothed-out profiles

A numerical technique, based on transforming the scalar wave equation to a finite interval before discretization is applied, is proposed for the solution of the scalar wave equation defining the modal fields and propagation constants of optical fibres. It is used to compute the propagation constants and modal fields of weakly guiding fibres of circular cross-section when the refractive index profile has a Gaussian or smoothed-out form. The smoothed-out profiles are studied because they vary continuously from the Gaussian to the step profile. Results are compared with and shown to be accurately approximated by simply explicit functions, dependent only on the fibre parameter.     

Coupled THz Waveguide Utilizing Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Thin Dielectric Slab Sandwiched between Two Corrugated Metallic Claddings

We present a comprehensive experimental study of terahertz （THz） wave propagation utilizing surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） on the interfaces of a thin dielectric core layer sandwiched between two corrugated metallic claddings. THz wave impinges on the structured surfaces at normal incidence. Long-lasting oscillation propagation features are observed in the temporal waveform after traveling through the periodic arrays. The enhanced THz transmission can be achieved due to the coupling between incident waves to SPPs at the bottom and top interfaces. The finite element method is used to simulate the field distribution and the transmission mode in the waveguide. The hybrid waveguide with low absorption has great potential applications in THz integrated devices.     

基于轴棱锥产生近似无衍射Mathieu光束的新方法

提出了一种基于轴棱锥产生零阶近似无衍射Mathieu光束的新方法,利用轴棱锥聚焦具有椭圆高斯振幅调制的平面波,得到近似零阶无衍射Mathieu光束.根据椭圆高斯平面波经轴棱锥衍射的衍射积分公式,对光强分布进行了数值模拟,依据几何光学模型计算了近似无衍射Mathieu光束的最大无衍射距离,并设计了实验对理论模拟的结果进行了验证.实验采用柱透镜和准直扩束系统变换圆高斯光束产生具有椭圆高斯振幅调制的平面波,用轴棱锥聚焦该平面波后得到近似无衍射Mathieu光束,实验结果与理论模拟和计算相符.     

Nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics using linear-response time-dependent density functional theory

We review our recent work on ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, based on linear-response timedependent density functional theory for the calculation of the nuclear forces, potential energy surfaces, and nonadiabatic couplings. Furthermore, we describe how nuclear quantum dynamics beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation can be performed using quantum trajectories. Finally, the coupling and control of an external electromagnetic field with mixed quantum/classical trajectory surface hopping is discussed.     

Weakenings and redshifts induced by random propagation times

The crossing by light of a turbulent medium results in a random propagation time. We show that the broadening of monochromatic sources leads to a redshift for a part of the transmitted wave and a spreading for the other part. Gaussian shaped spectra and Gaussian propagation times allow to perform computations about the properties of the received wave. In particular, when it is possible to give a strong enough random character to the propagation, the shift parameter z can reach a sizeable amount, taking smooth hypotheses about the parameters of used Gaussian.     

高斯光束在梯度折射率纤维中的传播—振幅与光斑分布的解析解族

从近轴波动方程出发，导出在梯度折射率纤维中传播的高斯光束振幅与光斑分布的解析解族。从这一结果可得到高斯光束在抛物型、锥形、类锥形梯度折射率纤维中传播的一系列特解。     

Propagation aspects of Mathieu–Gaussian beams in turbulence

Based on our recent source plane formulation, the propagation characteristics of Mathieu–Gaussian beams in turbulent atmosphere are investigated. In this connection, the average receiver plane intensity expression is deduced using the Huygens–Fresnel integral. Our results offered in the form of graphical illustrations reveal that, for some settings of source and propagation parameters, the center of the source beam is evacuated after propagation, while the initially smaller side lobes begin to grow. In a parallel development, the angular distribution of the beam also changes. At small Gaussian source sizes and transverse components of the wave vector, the source beam profile remains almost invariant throughout the propagation. The larger refractive index structure constant values cause the final Gaussian beam profile to be attained at earlier propagation distances. Smaller refractive index structure constants, on the other hand, do not change the beam profile substantially from that of free space.     

Propagation dynamics of optical vortices in Laguerre–Gaussian beams

We have calculated the propagation dynamics of an initial off-axis vortex with topological charge 1 in Laguerre–Gaussian background beams , which are examples of background beams with non-generic dislocation surfaces, on which the real and imaginary parts of the light field are zero. When initially a vortex with broad core (e.g., r-vortex) is embedded in the background beam, the dislocation surfaces are destroyed during propagation and two vortices with opposite charge are created per dislocation surface in planes perpendicular to the propagation direction. For a vortex with narrow core (e.g., point vortex) diffraction is important and leads to the birth of more than two vortices per dislocation surface. These results are also valid for other background beams with dislocation surfaces, e.g., Hermite–Gaussian and Ince–Gaussian beams. We investigated experimentally the spatial evolution of the intensity distribution of an initial off-axis vortex with narrow core and topological charge 1 in background beams. The experimental results are in good agreement with the calculated intensity distributions.     

Principle of phase-locking of axisymmetric concentric cavity CO2 laser

Based on the phase-locking principle of Gaussian beam, the phase-locking mechanisms of the spherical wave from axisymmetric concentric cavity (ASCC) CO₂ laser are analyzed. And then we study the variety laws of the equiphase surfaces and the light spots of the injected beam. The numerical calculations show that the injected beam could be considered as a spherical wave approximately in the ASCC. The phase-locking of the spherical wave is different from the phase-locking of the Gaussian beam; there are different field distributions between Gaussian beam and spherical wave. And the phase-locking method could improve the maximum value of the light intensity, the encircled energy reflects the degree of phase-locking.