氩气中高次谐波辐射的研究

报道了在４５ｆｓ－２ＴＷ激光装置上以Ａｒ惰性气体为介质产生高次谐波的实验结果,实验中通过研究气体密度和激光能量对谐波辐射的影响,找到了适当的气体密度和激光能量范围,并在Ａｒ气中观察到８１次（９．７ｎｍ）的皆波辐射,这时迄今为止,人们在Ａｒ气中所能观测到的最短波长的谐波辐射,经分析表明,高于５７次的谐波是由Ａｒ离子产生的。     

一种新型TEA CO2激光器的实验研究

设计了一种新型结构的激光器———双通道放电激励折叠腔TEA CO2激光器。该激光器通过提高脉冲能量输出水平来增加激光输出谱线数目和激光差分吸收雷达可探测的气体种类。它在增大激光器放电时间长度的同时保证了较小的激光器体积,更好地满足了激光差分吸收雷达光源体积小,重量轻,输出能量高的要求。得到激光器输出能量与气体工作气压的关系曲线,获得了激光器内工作气压与输出脉宽关系曲线,发现脉冲宽度大约在50~70ns之间变化,研究了气体压强对激光器输出脉冲峰值功率的影响。     

Residual gas properties in a field emission device with ZnO emitters

In this paper, a vacuum system is employed to compare the emission stabilities of the same ZnO cathode in a sealed field emission （FE） device and under ultrahigh vacuum （UHV） conditions. It is observed that the emission current is more stable under the UHV level than in the device. When all conditions except the ambient gases are kept unchanged, the emission current degradation is mainly caused by the residual gases in the sealed device. The quadrupole mass spectrometer （QMS） equipped on the vacuum system is used to investigate the residual gas components. Based on the obtained QMS data, the following conclusions can be drawn： the residual gases in ZnO-FE devices are H2, CH4, CO, Ar, and CO2. These residual gases can change the work function at the surface through adsorption or ion bombardment, thereby degrading the emission current of the cathode.     

Spectroscopic diagnostics of barrier discharge plasmas in mixtures of zinc diiodide with inert gases

The spectral characteristics of the emission of gas discharge atmospheric pressure plasmas in mixtures of zinc diiodide vapor with inert gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) are investigated. The formation of a gas discharge plasma and the excitation of the components of a working mixture were performed in a high-frequency (with a repetition frequency of sinusoidal voltage pulses of 100 kHz) barrier discharge. The gas discharge emission was analyzed in the spectral range 200–900 nm with a resolution of 0.05 nm. Emission bands of ZnI(B-X) exciplex molecules and I₂* excimer molecules, lines of inert gases, and emission bands of XeI* exciplex molecules (in Xe-containing mixtures) were revealed. It is ascertained that the strongest emission of ZnI* molecules is observed in ZnI₂/He(Ne) mixtures. The regularities in the spectral characteristics of the gas discharge plasma emission are considered.     

Characterization of X‐ray gas attenuator plasmas by optical emission and tunable laser absorption spectroscopies

X‐ray gas attenuators are used in high‐energy synchrotron beamlines as high‐pass filters to reduce the incident power on downstream optical elements. The absorption of the X‐ray beam ionizes and heats up the gas, creating plasma around the beam path and hence temperature and density gradients between the center and the walls of the attenuator vessel. The objective of this work is to demonstrate experimentally the generation of plasma by the X‐ray beam and to investigate its spatial distribution by measuring some of its parameters, simultaneously with the X‐ray power absorption. The gases used in this study were argon and krypton between 13 and 530 mbar. The distribution of the 2p excited states of both gases was measured using optical emission spectroscopy, and the density of argon metastable atoms in the 1s₅ state was deduced using tunable laser absorption spectroscopy. The amount of power absorbed was measured using calorimetry and X‐ray transmission. The results showed a plasma confined around the X‐ray beam path, its size determined mainly by the spatial dimensions of the X‐ray beam and not by the absorbed power or the gas pressure. In addition, the X‐ray absorption showed a hot central region at a temperature varying between 400 and 1100 K, depending on the incident beam power and on the gas used. The results show that the plasma generated by the X‐ray beam plays an essential role in the X‐ray absorption. Therefore, plasma processes must be taken into account in the design and modeling of gas attenuators.     

Experimental study of enhanced emission of the laser-ablated plume in backing gas

The effects of background gases on the optical emission of the excimer-laser-ablated plume from a brass target have been studied experimentally. It is found that the plume emission can be enhanced significantly in a proper gas ambient. In hydrogen, the highest peak intensity is detected, and in argon, there is a distinctive difference in the pressure-dependent emission between in He and in the other three gases, Ar, N₂ and H₂. Moreover, the monitored line peak intensity remains unchanged in Ar and N₂ and increases in H₂ within a distance above the target surface; but in He, the observed peak intensity decreases with distance like in vacuum. Furthermore, the emissions of several more atomic lines of Cu and Zn atoms from the plume are also found to be enhanced in the same manner in gas ambient. Some physical processes involved in the plume expansion and the possible mechanisms for the enhanced emission of the plume in backing gas are discussed.     

Radiation transport for MHD pollution control

A method for calculation of radiation cooling of MHD exhaust gases in a steam generator is given. A two-group radiation transport equation is derived which takes account of both an optically-thick diffusing component with an effective mean-free-path and an optically-thin component. The diffusing components cools the region near the wall making a radiation boundary layer. Real gas emissivities are used, based on known band profiles and strengths for the expected gas composition. Gas-dynamic effects are included and compressible and incompressible flows treated. Comparison is made with a simple, optically-thin calculation using radiation data of Hottel which gives results consistent with the average determined by the diffusion model. The radiation emission determines the gas cooling rate in the steam generator and, hence, the nitric oxide emission rate with stack gases. Results of a detailed gas-kinetic calculation based on two stage combustion show that for reasonable furnace size the NO emission rate is reduced below the corresponding EPA standard for coal combustion.     

脉冲Nd:YAG激光烧蚀Cu产生等离子体总辐射的时空分辨研究

通过时空分辨的光谱测量技术,测定了在环境气压下,Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ脉冲激光烧蚀金属Ｃｕ产生等离子体的总辐射随时间与空间的强度分布,研究了烧蚀环境气压对总辐射强度的影响,提出了电子碰撞与复合激发模型。     

Studies on threshold pressures of sonoluminescence for bubbles with different noble gases

Large oscillations of gas and vapor filled bubbles in liquid during acoustic cavitation. This highly nonlinear bubble motion is accompanied by the emission of light-sonoluminescence (SL)[1, 2]. The noble gases inside the bubble can influence the SL[3—5]. At an acoustic pressure, the intensity of SL increases with the molecular mass of noble gas inside the bubbles[6]. There are several kinds of theories about SL mechanism. At present, the bremsstrahlung mechanism is widely admitted. The b…     

Thermal efficiency of the principal greenhouse gases

Atmospheric gases are ranked according to the efficiency with which they absorb and radiate longwave radiation.The open international HITRAN database of gaseous absorption lines of high resolution together with inverse Fourier transform were used.The autocorrelation functions of the total dipole moment of the basic greenhouse gases molecules such as H2O,CO2,O3,N2O,and CH4were obtained.Absorption coefficient spectra and emission power spectra of infrared radiation of these gases were calculated.Analysis of the emissive ability of all gases under consideration was carried out.Compared to CO2,all the gases under investigation have more effective emission except ozone.An efficiency criterion of IR absorption and emission is defined and is calculated for each studied gas,and the gases are ranked accordingly as follows(from strong to weak):H2O,CH4,CO2,N2O,and O3.     

流动激光非稳定振荡器,放大器基本特性比较分析

根据流动激光腔中流动的非平衡混合气体各能态布居数和强辐射相互作用达到稳定振荡的过程和相应的三维分布状态的数值模拟计算结果,发展了相应的振荡器和放大器基本特性的简化计算公式.其计算结果与多种器件、多种腔体的实测结果相符.具体比较分析了流动激光振荡器与放大器的基本特性,得到一些基本原则,为相应器件的优化设计提供理论依据.     

Testing a spatial model of the spectral radiance of combustion product plumes

The results of testing of the Plume-2D-MC and Plume-3D-MC computer codes for calculating the spectral radiance (signature) of combustion product plumes and various gas volumes with light-scattering particles and for predicting the degree of attenuation of this emission by atmospheric gases at a great distance away. These codes are based on various algorithms for modeling the characteristic of radiative heat transfer and various models of the thermal radiation of hot gases (the NASA IR radiation model, HITRAN and CDSD-1000 databases, and statistical models of wide and narrow bands). These codes were used to simulate experimental data on the spectral radiance of hot gases.     

Enhanced emission of the laser generated plume in Ar gas

We report an effect of enhanced emission of laser generated plume in gas ambi-ent.Nonreactive argon gas was used in the experiment of UV laser ablation of copper plate.The emission of Cu atoms from the plume was increased more than the times.The emission in-tensity is sensitive to the gas pressure,but in a certain region of gas pressure,the enhanced ef-fect can be controlled stably.For the emission lines from other element,Zn,in the plume,the intensities are subjected to the same factor of increasement.     

利用混合载气提高COIL化学效率

 为进一步提高氧碘化学激光器效率,提出一种不改变激光器结构,仅变换主副载气的方法。在增益区长度为11.7 cm的激光器上进行实验,以N₂, Ar和CO₂做为氧碘化学激光器的主载气或副载气,对激光器的输出功率和化学效率进行了研究。实验结果表明,平均分子质量改变对主副气流的混合是有利的,因而可以提高激光器的输出效率。当N₂为主载气,Ar为副载气时,激光器输出功率和化学效率最高,分别达到3.09 kW,30.2%。     

脉冲电晕放电中OH自由基的发射光谱研究

采用发射光谱法测量了在加湿的空气、氮气、氩气3种气体背景下脉冲电晕放电产生的OH自由基,通过对发射谱线的分析,研究了在3种背景条件下,脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率等因素对OH自由基产生过程的影响,着重研究了气体湿度对OH自由基产生过程的影响以及OH自由基在放电电场中的分布特性。实验表明OH自由基的生成量随脉冲峰值电压和脉冲频率的增大而增大,而湿度变化对其影响则与放电背景环境有关,不同背景气体下其变化规律也不相同。空气中放电时产生的OH自由基数量随湿度的增大而增大,氮气中OH自由基的生成量随湿度增大呈先增大后减小趋势,而氩气中OH自由基数量随湿度的增大呈先减少后增大趋势。OH自由基在放电电场中的分布呈从针电极中心向四周逐渐减少趋势。     

Study of hysteresis behavior in reactive sputtering of cylindrical magnetron plasma

In order to make sufficient use of reactive cylindrical magnetron plasma for depositing compound thin films, it is necessary to characterize the hysteresis behavior of the discharge. Cylindrical magnetron plasmas with different targets namely titanium and aluminium are studied in an argon/oxygen and an argon/nitrogen gas environment respectively. The aluminium and titanium emission lines are observed at different flows of reactive gases. The emission intensity is found to decrease with the increase of the reactive gas flow rate. The hysteresis behavior of reactive cylindrical magnetron plasma is studied by determining the variation of discharge voltage with increasing and then reducing the flow rate of reactive gas,while keeping the discharge current constant at 100 m A. Distinct hysteresis is found to be formed for the aluminium target and reactive gas oxygen. For aluminium/nitrogen, titanium/oxygen and titanium/nitrogen, there is also an indication of the formation of hysteresis; however, the characteristics of variation from metallic to reactive mode are different in different cases. The hysteresis behaviors are different for aluminium and titanium targets with the oxygen and nitrogen reactive gases, signifying the difference in reactivity between them. The effects of the argon flow rate and magnetic field on the hysteresis are studied and explained.     

Theoretical and experimental studies on high-power laser-induced thermal blooming effect in chamber with different gases

High-power laser induced thermal blooming effects in a closed chamber with three different gases are investigated theoretically and experimentally in this work. In the theoretical treatment, an incompressible gas turbulent model is adopted. In the numerical simulation the gas refractive index as a function of both the temperature and pressure is taken into consideration. In the experimental study the pump-probe technology is adopted. A high-power 1064-nm fiber laser with maximum output power of 12 kW is used to drive the gas thermal blooming, and a 50-mW high-beam-quality 637-nm laser diode (LD) is used as a probe beam. The influences of the gas thermal blooming in the chamber on the probe beam wavefront and beam quality are analyzed for three different gases of air, nitrogen, and helium, respectively. The results indicate that nitrogen is well suitable for restraining thermal blooming effect for high-power laser. The measured data are in good agreement with the simulated results.     

基于光场离化电流机制产生强太赫兹辐射的参数优化研究

基于超短激光脉冲与气体作用通过光场离化电流产生太赫兹(THz)辐射的模型, 研究了用双色激光脉冲的方法产生强THz辐射的优化参数条件. 数值计算表明, 导致THz辐射产生的离化电流主要是由一阶电离过程产生的, 高阶离化对该电流产生的贡献很小. 通过调节基频光与倍频光的配比、相位差都能增大离化电流, 从而可以提高THz辐射振幅. 将激光波长拓展到中红外波段, 也有利于提高离化电流. 此外,改变作用气体的种类也能改变离化电流. 在激光和密度参数相等的情况下, 在氦气中可以产生高于氮气中2倍左右的离化电流.     

Effects of Buffer Gas N2 on Miniature Optically Pumped NH3 Submillimeter Wave Cavity Laser Emission at 67.2 μm

The effect of buffer gas N₂ on miniature optically pumped NH₃ submillimeter wave (SMMW) cavity laser emission at 67.2m was studied theoretically and experimentally. It has been found that: 1. N₂ had a positive effect on laser output of 67.2m, 2. sharp absorption in laser spectrum under certain gases mixture pressure corresponded to the threshold of 'bottleneck effect.     

脉冲Nd∶YAG激光烧蚀Al产生等离子体特征辐射的机理研究

采用时间与空间分辨光谱测量技术,研究了在Ar气为缓冲气体下,用脉冲Nd∶YAG激光烧蚀Al产生等离子体的发射光谱及其随气压的变化规律,对粒子的激发机理进行了讨论,认为特征谱线是由复合辐射为主要机理,并用此结论在一定程度上解释了实验结果。