Microwave-assisted one-pot regioselective synthesis of 2-alkyl-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazines

A protocol for regioselective one-pot synthesis of 2-alkyl-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazines under controlled microwave heating has been developed. Starting from commercially available 2-aminophenols, a base-mediated regioselective O-alkylation took place with 2-bromoalkanoates to give the acyclic intermediates, which underwent spontaneously an intramolecular amidation reaction to furnish 2-alkyl-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazines in 44-82% yields. For the acyclic intermediate possessing an electron-withdrawing group, microwave heating was necessary for the annulation reaction.     

Totally regio- and stereoselective synthesis of (E)-3-arylidene-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines under palladium catalyst

A new, one-pot palladium catalyzed reaction has been developed for the general synthesis of (E)-3-arylidene-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines at room temperature. The reaction procedure tolerates various functional groups. The method is characterized by regio- and stereoselectivity, operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and short reaction time.     

A palladium-catalyzed facile and general method for the stereoselective synthesis of (E)-3-arylidene-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines and their naphthoxazine analogues

Palladium-catalyzed cyclocondensation of an aryl iodide with N-tosyl-2-(prop-2′-ynyloxy)aniline at room temperature is shown to constitute a convenient general method for the synthesis of (E)-3-arylidene-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines in moderate to very good yields. The method could also be extended to the synthesis of (E)-3-arylidene-2H-naphth[1,2-b][1,4]oxazines. The regio- and stereo-selectivity of the process, short reaction time, operational simplicity, and use of inexpensive starting materials represent its attractive features.     

One-pot regioselective annulation toward 3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazine scaffolds under controlled microwave heating

An efficient and general synthesis of 2-alkyl-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazines under controlled microwave heating has been established. It consists of a microwave-assisted reductive N-arylmethylation of substituted 2-aminophenols with aromatic aldehydes followed by a one-pot base-mediated regioselective O-alkylation of the N-arylmethyl-2-aminophenols with 2-bromoalkanoates to give the acyclic intermediates, which cyclize spontaneously to furnish the benzoxazine scaffolds in good to excellent yields. It was found that microwave heating over 180 °C was necessary for ring closure of the acyclic intermediates possessing an electron-withdrawing group.     

A new efficient method for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines via iodocyclization

An efficient approach for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives is described by molecular iodine- mediated cyclization. The reaction condition is very simple, offers easy isolation, and affords good to excellent yields of the products.     

Synthesis of substituted salicylamines and dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazines

Phenols were converted to their magnesium salts with the MgCl₂-Et₃N base system and subsequently reacted with Eschenmoser's salt, affording N,N-dimethyl substituted benzylamines in high to excellent yields. A series of mono N-substituted benzylamines were prepared in one-pot syntheses by ortho-formylation of phenols to corresponding salicylaldehydes, which in turn reacted with amines to imines. The imines were subsequently reduced to mono N-substituted benzylamines. Some of these benzylamines were further converted, without work-up, to mono N-substituted dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazines.     

Synthesis of alkyl 4-alkyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylates as peptidomimetic building blocks

A general synthesis of new alkyl 4-alkyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylate peptidomimetic building blocks from the corresponding alkyl 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylates through carbanion oxidation is described.     

Synthesis and anticancer activity studies of novel 1-(2,3-dihydro-5H-1,4-benzodioxepin-3-yl)uracil and (6′-substituted)-7- or 9-(2,3-dihydro-5H-1,4-benzodioxepin-3-yl)-7H- or 9H-purines

On the basis of a molecular variation on an isosteric replacement (F→H) from the prototype (RS)-1-(2,3-dihydro-5H-1,4-benzodioxepin-3-yl)-5-fluorouracil, the derivative (RS)-1-(2,3-dihydro-5H-1,4-benzodioxepin-3-yl)uracil 4 was prepared. Later on, the pyrimidine base was substituted by the purine moiety with the objective of increasing both the lipophilicity and the structural diversity of the target molecules. The 6′-halogen substituent of the (RS)-9- or 7-(2,3-dihydro-5H-1,4-benzodioxepin-3-yl)-9H- or 7H-purines shows an interesting reactivity, which is presented and discussed. The anticarcinogenic potential of the target molecules is reported against the MCF-7 cancer cell line.     

Concise synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazines by three-component reactions of acyl chlorides, o-aminophenols and 1,2-dichloroethane

The Cu(OAc)₂-catalyzed three-component reactions of o-aminophenols, acyl chlorides and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) have been established for the efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazines (3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazines). This method features advantages of the one-pot operation enabling N-acylation, CCl bond amidation and etherification, as well as the structural divergence of the synthesized products.     

Indium-mediated regioselective mono-allylation of 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds and dehydrative cyclization to 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-ones and 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazines

An indium-mediated Barbier type mono-allylation of 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds and a subsequent acid-catalyzed dehydrative cyclization afforded 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-ones and 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazines.     

Oxidation and photochemical reactions of 3-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazines

3-Phenyl-2H-1, 4-benzoxazines 4-oxides are light sensitive compounds, irradiation leads to 3-phenyl-2H-1,4-benoxazines and to their 3-oxidized derivatives, whenever possible. Intermediate oxaziridines are formed during the photolysis and transformed into stable nitroxide radicals. The structure of these radicals was confirmed through peracid oxidation of 3-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazines and 3-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines. A reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of experimental observations.     

Palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation leading to heterocyclic structures with two heteroatoms: a highly regio- and stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-4-alkyl-2-alkyl(aryl)idene-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines and (Z)-3-alkyl(aryl)idene-4-tosyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines.

A highly convenient method has been developed for the synthesis of (Z)-4-alkyl-2-alkyl(aryl)idene-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines 9 and (Z)-3-alkyl(aryl)idene-4-tosyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines 34-38 through palladium-copper-catalyzed reactions. Aryl halides 7 reacted with 2-[N-alkyl(benzyl)-N-prop-2'-ynyl]aminophenyl tosylate 6 in the presence of (PPh3)2PdCl2 (3 mol %), CuI(5 mol %) in triethylamine at room temperature to yield 2-[N-alkyl(benzyl)-N-(3-aryl-prop-2'-ynyl)]-aminophenyl tosylates 8 in extremely good yields (72-96%). The latter could then be cyclized with KOH in ethanol-water to Z-9 in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner. Similarly, palladium-copper-catalyzed reaction of 2-(prop-2'-ynyloxy)aniline (21) with aryl iodides 7 led to 22-26 which after tosylation and cyclization with cuprous iodide in CH3CN in the presence of K2CO3 and Bu4-NBr led to the (Z)-3-alkyl(aryl)idene-4-tosyl 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines 34-38 in good overall yields. The Z-stereochemistry of the products was established from 1H NMR spectra, 3JCH values (between vinylic proton and methylenic carbon of the heterocyclic ring), NOE experiments, and X-ray analysis. The method was also found to be suitable for the synthesis of bis(benzoxazinylated) derivatives 17, 39, and 2-alkyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines 18. Our method for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines is highly efficacious, using easily available starting materials under very mild conditions. Also the synthesis of some novel 5-substituted uracil derivatives 40 and 41 containing the benzoxazinyl moiety and of potential biological interest is being reported.     

C-H activations on a 1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(3H)-one template

Air stable benzodiazepine containing palladacycles were synthesized by a C-H activation reaction and studied by mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Catalytic C-H functionalizations of 1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(3H)-one with diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate led to a mixture, which included the starting material and the expected product 1-methyl-5-(2′-biphenyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(3H)-one.     

A pentacyclic condensation product from 2,4-dimethyl-7-nitro-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylic acid

2,4-Dimethyl-7-nitro-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylic acid on preparation of a mixed anhydride, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride, affords 5,7a,13,13b-tetramethyl-2,10-dinitro-5a,7,7a,13,13a,13b-hexahydro-5H-[1,4]benzoxazino[3′,2′:4,5]pyrano[3,2-b][1,4]benzoxazine (3), the structure of which was established unambiguously by X-ray analysis.     

New efficient synthesis of 4-aminocarbonyl substituted 4H-3,1-benzoxazines by a Passerini 3CC/Staudinger/aza-Wittig sequence

α-Acyloxy-carboxamide azides 1, obtained from Passerini reaction of easily accessible o-azidobenzaldehyde with isocyanides and carboxylic acids, reacted with triphenylphosphine to give various 4-aminocarbonyl substituted 4H-1,3-benzoxazines 3 in moderate to high yields via sequential Staudinger and intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction. However, α-hydroxy carboxamide azides 5 were obtained in moderate yields when pyruvic acid was used in the Passerini reaction. Further sequential reaction of azides 5 with triphenylphosphine and isocyanates produced 2-amino-4-aminocarbonyl substituted 4H-1,3-benzoxazines 8 via a tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/heterocumulene-mediated annulation.     

2(H)-1,4-Oxazin-2-ones as ambident azadienes

3,5-Dichloro-6-phenyl-2(H)-1,4-oxazin-2-one 3, 5-chloro-3,6-dimethyl-2(H)-1,4-oxazin-2-one 4, 5-chloro-6-methyl-3-phenyl-2(H)-1,4-oxazin-2-one 5 and 5-chloro-3,6-diphenyl-2(H)-1,4-oxazin-2-one 7, are ambident azadienes reacting efficiently and selectively with both electron rich and electron poor dienophiles.     

The first enantioselective synthesis of 4-acetyl-3(R)- and 3(S)-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b]oxazine

A novel short and enantioselective synthetic approach to pyridobenzoxazines is reported in which (R)- and (S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazine were first synthesized from readily available chiral glycidyl derivatives.     

The design of efficient and selective routes to pyridyl analogues of 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-(benzothiazine or benzoxazine)-6-carbaldehydes

This Letter describes the synthesis of challenging pyridyl analogues of 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-(benzothiazine or benzoxazine)-6-carbaldehydes. The six different routes described are high yielding, contain no major purification issues and have been used to give gram quantities of each aldehyde.     

Preparation of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazines

N,N-Di(butoxymethyl)alkylamines react with phenols under mild conditions to yield substituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-l,3-benzoxazines.     

New 2-functionalized 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzothiazin-3-ones and their application in the synthesis of spiro heterocycles

The reaction of 2-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3-ones 1 with enamines is an efficient synthetic method to produce 2-substituted derivatives. The resulting bifunctional compounds such as 6a,b, 7c,d and 8b react with hydrazines to furnish the spiro derivatives of N-aminopyrrole or 3-pyridazinone depending on the direction of the primary nucleophilic attack and the nature of the nucleophile. Under the reaction conditions, spiro pyridazinones 13 are converted into the 3-pyridazinone-4-carboxylic acid derivatives 9 via the 1,4-thiazine ring opening.