水分子扩散阻力对IPMC致动特性的影响

基于Tadokoro理论模型,采用有限元方法对离子交换膜金属复合材料(ionic polymer metal composite,IPMC)的电致动特性进行了数值模拟.通过比较求解控制方程中不考虑水分子扩散阻力和考虑水分子扩散力的两种计算模型,着重探讨和比较了水分子扩散阻力对钠离子携带周围水分子的迁移运动规律和变形过程中各个特征物理量的影响.结果表明,控制方程中增加水分子扩散阻力这一非线性项,对最终的宏观挠曲位移影响并不明显;但是对于钠离子浓度、等效应变、内部平衡力分布等物理量影响很大;这种影响还具有区域性特征,主要集中于电极板附近区域,其他区域影响较弱.控制方程中增加水分子扩散力可以更准确地描述钠离子在迁移过程各物理量的变化规律.     

饱和-非饱和土壤中污染物运移过程的数值模拟

本文提出了一个模拟饱和 非饱和土壤中溶和污染物运移过程的数值模型．模拟的控制污染物运移的物理 化学现象包括：对流，机械逸散，分子弥散，吸附，蜕变，不动水效应．发展了一个修正的特征线Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ方法以离散污染物运移过程的控制方程并导出了一个用于有限元方程求解的显式算法．数值例题结果表明所提出模型和算法的功能     

Viscosity,first and second normal-stress coefficients,and molecular stretching in concentrated solutions and melts

A numerical method to solve the diffusion equation for the encapsulated FENE-dumbbell model is presented. Viscosity, first and second normal-stress coefficients, and molecular stretching for steady state shear flow are calculated. From the graphs of these quantities one can see the effect of anisotropy of Stokes' resistance and the Brownian force on rheological properties. The accuracy of the approximate method used by Bird and DeAguiar is assessed.     

Investigation on nonlinear multi-scale effects of unsteady flow in hydraulic fractured horizontal shale gas wells

A unified mathematical model is established to simulate the nonlinear unsteady percolation of shale gas with the consideration of the nonlinear multi-scale effects such as slippage, diffusion, and desorption. The continuous inhomogeneous models of equivalent porosity and permeability are proposed for the whole shale gas reservoir including the hydraulic fracture, the micro-fracture, and the matrix regions. The corresponding semi-analytical method is developed by transforming the nonlinear partial differential governing equation into the integral equation and the numerical discretization. The non-linear multi-scale effects of slippage and diffusion and the pressure dependent effect of desorption on the shale gas production are investigated.     

圆板在物体撞击下的非线性动力响应

本文在Von Kármán大位移的意义上,利用虚位移原理伽辽金方法建立了圆板在物体撞击下的非线性动力响应的控制微分方程,在研究响应问题时,考虑了冲击载荷与圆板位移响应之间的耦合影响,文中使用时间增量法和奇异摄动理论求解问题的控制方程,获得了固支圆板非线性动力响应的近似解,并且求解了具体算例,绘出了圆板位移、应力响应曲线以及冲击力随时间的变化曲线。     

NONLINEAR RESPONSES OF A FLUID-CONVEYING PIPE EMBEDDED IN NONLINEAR ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS

The nonlinear responses of planar motions of a fluid-conveying pipe embedded in nonlinear elastic foundations are investigated via the differential quadrature method discretization （DQMD） of the governing partial differential equation. For the analytical model, the effect of the nonlinear elastic foundation is modeled by a nonlinear restraining force. By using an iterative algorithm, a set of ordinary differential dynamical equations derived from the equation of motion of the system are solved numerically and then the bifurcations are analyzed. The numerical results, in which the existence of chaos is demonstrated, are presented in the form of phase portraits of the oscillations. The intermittency transition to chaos has been found to arise.     

Investigation of the numerical accuracy of shallow water flow estimation based on the ensemble Kalman filter using the SUPG FEM

ABSTRACT

The shallow water equation is employed as the governing equation to simulate flow behaviour in shallow water flow regions. The SUPG and the backward Euler methods, respectively, were employed for discretisation in space and time. In this paper, we carry out investigations on the numerical accuracy of shallow water flow estimation based on the ensemble Kalman filter using the SUPG FEM, and show the results of numerical experiments. The open channel model was employed as the numerical example in this study. The extended Kalman filter is generally employed to solve parameter identification problems. However, linearisation of the governing equation is carried out to apply parameter identification: it is known to be difficult to carry out computation reliably if problems that include a high degree of non-linearity need to be solved. On the other hand, linearisation of the governing equation is not carried out in the ensemble Kalman filter, so there is potential for the unknown parameter to be simultaneously identified in the computation of the data assimilation. The distribution of the unknown kinematic viscosity coefficient was therefore also investigated.     

Nonlinear natural responses of a rotating circular string

This study investigates the nonlinear dynamics of a rotating circular string subjected to a spring force fixed in space. The governing equation for out-of-plane vibration is developed using Hamilton's principle. The nonlinearities of the string deformation and the spring stiffness are considered in the governing equation. Applying Galerkin's method, the governing equation is transformed from a nonlinear partial differential equation into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations through orthogonal trigonometric shape functions. Butenin's method is adopted to develop a closed-form analytical solution for single-mode oscillations of the system. Comparison shows that the closed-form solution is in a good agreement with the numerical results over a wide range of the nonlinearities. Multi-mode responses of the string are investigated by means of numerical integration. Based on the results, the nonlinear dynamics of the string are discussed.     

Molecular models and flow calculations: II. Simulation of steady planar flow

A multibead-rod model is used to replace the constitutive equation of continuum mechanics in solving flow problems of steady-state planar flows of rigid-rodlike molecular suspensions. The governing equations then constitute a set of differential equations of the elliptic type, which is more amenable to numerical treatment than those of the mixed type. The conservation equations of the flow fields are solved by the boundary element method with linear boundary elements in physical space and the diffusion equation of the distribution function is solved separately by the Galerkin method in phase space. The solution to the flow problem is obtained when the convergence of the iteration procedure between the two spaces has been reached. Several numerical examples are shown and the interesting features of the present method are discussed in this paper. The project supported by the National Nature Science Fundation of China.     

Numerical Investigation on the Effects of a Precursor Wetting Film on the Displacement of Two Immiscible Phases Along a Channel

A set of numerical experiments has been conducted to study the effect of a precursor fluid layer on the motion of two phase system in a channel. This system is characterized by coupled Cahn-Hillard and Navier-Stokes system together with slip boundary conditions. The solution of the governing equation involves first the solution of Cahn-Hillard equation with semi-implicit and Mixed finite element discritization with a convex splitting scheme. The Navier-Stokes equations are then solved with a P2-P0 mixed finite element method. Three cases have been investigated; in the first the effect of different wettability scenarios with no precursor layer has been investigated. In the second scenario, the effect of the precursor layer for different wettability conditions is investigated. In the third case, the effect of the thickness of the precursor layer is investigated. It is found that, wettability conditions have considerable effect on the flow of the considered two-phase system. Furthermore the existence of the precursor layer has additional influence on the breakthrough of the phases.     

基于表面力模型的液滴冲击弹性基底SPH模拟

采用光滑粒子动力学SPH方法建立液滴冲击弹性基底的流固耦合数值模型,给出描述粘性流体和弹性固体运动的SPH离散方程和数值处理格式,引入人工耗散项来抑制标准SPH方法的数值震荡。为模拟液滴的表面张力效应,通过精确检测边界粒子,采用拉格朗日插值方法计算表面法向量和曲率,结合界面理论中的连续表面力CSF方法,建立了适用于自由表面液滴的表面力模型,方形液滴变形的模拟结果与拉普拉斯理论解吻合较好。随后,采用SPH流固耦合模型模拟1.0 mm直径水滴以不同速度(0.2 m/s～3.0 m/s)冲击两种薄板型基底,分析了基底弹性变形对液滴铺展、收缩以及回弹行为的影响。     

A least-squares procedure for the solution of transport problems

In this paper a least-squares formulation associated with a conjugate gradient algorithm is proposed for the solution of transport problems. In this procedure the advection–diffusion equation is first discretized in time using an implicit scheme. At each time step the resulting partial differential equation is replaced by an optimal control problem. This minimization problem involves the minimization of a functional defined via a state equation. This functional is chosen in order to force the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation to be equal to the hyperbolic advective part of this equation. The effectiveness of the method is shown through a one-dimensional example involving advective and diffusive transport. No oscillation and high accuracy have been obtained for the entire range of Peclet numbers with a Courant number well in excess of unity.     

轴向受载的Bernoulli—Euler薄壁梁固有振动和稳定性的理论研究

通过直接求解轴向受载的单对称均匀Bernoulli-Euler薄壁梁单元弯扭耦合振动的运动微分方程,推导了其动态传递矩阵,讨论了轴向载荷的变化对薄壁梁弯扭耦合振动固有频率的影响,并由此得到零频率振动（弹性屈出）发生时相应的轴向载荷,数值结果表明本文方法在其适应范围内是精确有效的。     

An efficient operator splitting scheme for three-dimensional hydrodynamic computations

A new efficient numerical method for three-dimensional hydrodynamic computations is presented and discussed in this paper. The method is based on the operator splitting method and combined with Eulerian–Lagrangian method, finite element method and finite difference method. To increase the efficiency and stability of the numerical solutions, the operator splitting method is employed to partition the momentum equations into three parts, according to physical phenomena. A time step is divided into three time substeps. In the first substep, advection and Coriolis force are solved using the explicit Eulerian–Lagrangian method. In the second substep, horizontal diffusion is approximated by implicit FEM in each horizontal layer. In the last substep, the continuity equation is solved by implicit FEM, and vertical diffusion and pressure gradient are discretized by implicit FDM in each nodal column. The stability analysis shows that this method is unconditionally stable. A number of numerical experiments have been performed. The results simulated by the present scheme agree well with analytical solutions and the other documented model results. The method is efficient for 3D shallow water flow computations and fully fits complicated configurations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamical Stability of Viscoelastic Column with Fractional Derivative Constitutive Relation

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｉｎｓｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｈａｖｅｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄｔｈｅｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅｖｉｓｃｏｅｌａｓｔｉｃｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｂｒｏａｄａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ .Ｉｎ [1]ＣｅｄｅｒｂａｕｍａｎｄＭｏｎｄａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｈｅｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ＿ｓｃａｌｅｓｍｅｔｈｏｄｔｏｔｒｅａｔｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆａｖｉｓｃｏｅｌａｓｔｉｃｃｏｌｕｍｎｕｎｄｅｒａｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃａｘｉａｌｌ…     

The solution of a convection–diffusion–reaction equation arising from cathodic reduction in a pulsating crack

This paper derives the convection–diffusion-reaction equation governing the reaction between the dissolved oxygen in sea-water and the steel walls of a pulsating crack. By the neglect of the diffusion term it is shown that an exact solution of the convection-reaction equation can be obtained. A numerical method for the solution of the complete convection–diffusion-reaction equation is derived by the use of finite differences. The numerical computation of the initial transient and the final periodic steady-state values is also discussed.     

Numerische Berechnung des Partikeltransportes zu einer laminar angeströmten Kreisscheibe

Increasingly process steps become important, in which particles as product particles or contaminants are deposited on substrates out of the gas phase. In this paper the particles transport processes are investigated close to the surface of a circular plate surrounded by a laminar flow. The analogy between the governing equations of momentum, energy and mass is applied to the extended diffusion equation. In the nondimensional form the results of the numerical calculations give informations about velocity, temperature and particle concentration boundary layer thickness as well as their distributions. Especially the impact of external forces on particle concentration boundary layer thickness and profile is discussed. The transport of submicron particles to the surface due to convection, diffusion, gravity and thermophoretic forces acting independently is investigated. In the used normalized form the different forces are acting as one resulting force independently of their origin. Their resulting effect in comparison to the effect due to convective diffusive transport is important for particle deposition.     

Stability of a disperse-mixture flow in a boundary layer

The hydrodynamic stability of a dilute disperse mixture flow in a quasi-equilibrium region of a boundary layer with a significantly nonuniform particle concentration profile is investigated. The mixture is described by a two-fluid model with an incompressible viscous carrier phase. In addition to the Stokes drag, the Saffman lifting force is taken into account in the interphase momentum exchange. On the basis of a numerical solution of the boundary-value problem for a modified Orr-Sommerfeld equation, neutral stability curves are analyzed and the dependence of the critical Reynolds number on the governing parameters is studied. It is shown that taking into account the particle concentration nonuniformity in the main flow and the Saffman lifting force significantly changes the stability limits of the two-phase laminar boundary layer flow. The effect of these factors on the boundary layer stability is considered for the first time.     

An Analytical Solution and Nonlinear Regression Analysis for Sandface Temperature Transient Data in the Presence of a Near-Wellbore Damaged Zone

Throughout this study, we present a dual-continuum model of transport of the natural gas in shale formations. The model includes several physical mechanisms such as diffusion, adsorption and rock stress sensitivity. The slippage has a clear effect in the low-permeability formations which can be described by the apparent permeability. The adsorption mechanism has been modeled by the Langmuir isotherm. The porosity-stress model has been used to describe stress state of the rocks. The thermodynamics deviation factor is calculated using the equation of state of Peng–Robinson. The governing differential system has been solved numerically using the mixed finite element method (MFEM). The stability of the MFEM has been investigated theoretically and numerically. A semi-implicit scheme is employed to solve the two coupled pressure equations, while the thermodynamic calculations are conducted explicitly. Moreover, numerical experiments are performed under the corresponding physical parameters of the model. Some represented results are shown in graphs including the rates of production as well as the pressures and the apparent permeability profiles.

     

An operator splitting algorithm for the three-dimensional advection–diffusion equation

Operator splitting algorithms are frequently used for solving the advection–diffusion equation, especially to deal with advection dominated transport problems. In this paper an operator splitting algorithm for the three-dimensional advection–diffusion equation is presented. The algorithm represents a second-order-accurate adaptation of the Holly and Preissmann scheme for three-dimensional problems. The governing equation is split into an advection equation and a diffusion equation, and they are solved by a backward method of characteristics and a finite element method, respectively. The Hermite interpolation function is used for interpolation of concentration in the advection step. The spatial gradients of concentration in the Hermite interpolation are obtained by solving equations for concentration gradients in the advection step. To make the composite algorithm efficient, only three equations for first-order concentration derivatives are solved in the diffusion step of computation. The higher-order spatial concentration gradients, necessary to advance the solution in a computational cycle, are obtained by numerical differentiations based on the available information. The simulation characteristics and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated by several advection dominated transport problems. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.