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天然产物结构复杂,生理活性独特,常被用作先导化合物,经过结构修饰和改造,发展为具有重要药用价值的化合物,在保障人类健康方面发挥重要的作用.近年来,具有独特立体结构、多修饰位点、良好生物相容性和生物活性的天然产物作为构筑单元,已应用到基于分子自组装的有机功能材料研究领域中.介绍以天然甾体、三萜、肽、糖等为结构骨架,设计合成的功能分子在有机凝胶方面的研究现状及其潜在的应用. 相似文献
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天然产物骨架的复杂性和丰富的官能团化赋予了天然产物类化合物独有的生物学活性,因此天然产物作为药物研究的先导化合物有其无法替代的独特性质,比如紫杉醇、红霉素和利福霉素帮助科学家们理解重要的生物过程。以往化学家对天然产物独有情钟,但仅仅以合成天然产物本身为最终目的。今天,化学家们开始利用传统的合成方法来制备结构多样性的类天然产物化合物。这种利用合成手段制备的小分子化合物在生物学的基础研究和药物研究中将起到关键的作用。 相似文献
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通常制备有机分子凝胶是在高温下溶解凝胶剂,凝胶剂分子在冷却过程中进行自组装并使有机溶剂凝胶化.该方法限制了某些低沸点溶剂的凝胶化.利用甲苯二异氰酸酯与烷基胺的高反应活性,制备了3种反应型凝胶剂.这种反应型凝胶剂能以较低的浓度在室温下使某些芳香族和卤代烃溶剂形成热可逆的有机分子凝胶.场发射扫描电镜表明这种反应型凝胶剂在有机溶剂中自组装形成纤维状三维网络结构.随着烷基胺中的烷基链长度不同,形成的纤维状聚集体的形态也不同.FT-IR和1H NMR研究表明分子间氢键作用是反应型凝胶剂自组装的驱动力.通过XRD和分子模拟推测了其聚集体的结构形态. 相似文献
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报导了用环戊二烯作原料合成了(iridoids)和9-异氰(9-isocyanopupukeanane)的路线。 相似文献
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天然产物Epibatidine的作用受体初探徐建平,何东,王志中,沈家骢,高连勋,宋雅茹(吉林大学化学系,理论化学研究所,长春,130023)(中国科学院长春应用化学研究所)(北京师范大学化学系)关键词Epibatidine,尼古丁,受体,AM119... 相似文献
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回顾了Haouamine类化合物分离提取和结构鉴定,指出HaouamineA和Haouamine B区别在于茚环中的芳香环的氧化程度.Haouamine类化合物具有良好的抗肿瘤生物活性.综述了2003年至今HaouamineA全合成进展,特别总结了HaouaminA化合物的基本骨架和不对称合成研究,指出构建茚并四氢吡啶环中的二芳基季碳手性中心和高度张力的对环芳烷11元大环是合成的亮点,也是合成Haouamines类生物碱过程中难点. 相似文献
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有机小分子化合物在分子间氢键、π-π堆积、亲疏水作用、范德华力等非共价键弱相互作用力驱动下,自组装形成三维网络结构的物理凝胶称为超分子凝胶。含有脲基的凝胶因子由于其强氢键缔合能力以及与阴离子、金属离子、卤素化合物等作用的可调变多样性,成为组装超分子凝胶中特别有效的氢键组装单元。本文分别从单脲基、双脲基和多脲基的凝胶因子分类综述了基于脲基氢键组装的功能超分子凝胶的研究工作,特别是近几年来的重要进展。对一些成功例子,从分子设计及成胶操作条件控制等方面的精细调谐如何解决聚集-溶解这对主要矛盾,从而实现溶胶-凝胶的转化及其可能的应用前景进行了评述。本文展望了该领域的发展方向与趋势,指出超分子凝胶研究经过多年的快速发展,深化对其蕴含机制以及动力学过程的认识与调控以实现具有多种刺激响应、多重信号输出的多组分复合功能凝胶体系的加工制备是发展趋势与必然要求,展现出广泛的应用前景也极富挑战性。 相似文献
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利用X射线衍射(XRD)及原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了可聚合凝胶因子4,4′—二 (α-甲基丙烯酰氧基—1,3—亚乙氧基碳基丙酰氨基)二苯甲烷(BMDM)在二苯醚凝 胶中的聚集态及分形结构。研究结果表明,凝胶纤维束是由大量细长的薄带状的单 元纤维有序堆积成的,单元纤维的宽度约为3nm,厚度为0.1—0.2nm;凝胶因子 聚集体则是一种规则的片层结构,具有自相似性和分形特征。利用分形理论中的 Sandbox法计算结果也表明分子凝胶具有分形特征,计算得分形维数D=1.853。 相似文献
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Synthetic self-assembling oligopeptide gelators are an important class of compounds which form thermoreversible gels in various organic solvents as well as in aqueous medium. These gels are soft, viscoelastic materials which are envisaged for useful applications in biological and material sciences. The terminally protected self-assembling synthetic tripeptide Boc-Ala-Aib-β-Ala-OMe 1 (Aib: α-aminoisobutyric acid i.e. dimethyl glycine and β-Ala: β-Alanine) forms gels in various organic solvents, whereas its structural analog i.e. the peptide Boc-Ala-Gly-β-Ala-OMe 2 (another self-assembling synthetic tripeptide) fails to form gels under similar conditions and this issue has been addressed. The terminally protected tripeptide Boc-Ala-Val-Ala-OMe 3 has been found to form gels in different aromatic organic solvents. Several structural analogs of peptide 3 [using small structural changes either in protecting groups (at the N or C-terminal position) or in amino acid side chains] have been synthesized, characterized and studied for gelation to address the question how structural changes can regulate the gelation property. Results of the gelation studies indicate that some structural changes are useful to make new peptide gelators with some variations in gelation property and efficiency, while a few structural changes in the protecting groups are really detrimental, leading to abolition the gelation property. These gels are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR studies. 相似文献
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Dr. Weiwei Fang Yang Zhang Jiajie Wu Cong Liu Dr. Haibo Zhu Prof. Dr. Tao Tu 《化学:亚洲杂志》2018,13(7):712-729
Over the past two decades, supramolecular gels have attracted significant attention from scientists in diverse research fields and have been extensively developed. This review mainly focuses on the significant achievements in supramolecular gels and catalysis. First, by incorporating diverse catalytic sites and active organic functional groups into gelator molecules, supramolecular gels have been considered as a novel matrix for catalysis. In addition, these rationally designed supramolecular gels also provide a variety of templates to access metal nanocomposites, which may function as catalysts and exhibit high activity in diverse catalytic transformations. Finally, as a new kind of biomaterial, supramolecular gels formed in situ by self‐assembly triggered by catalytic transformations are also covered herein. 相似文献
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CHANG Nein Chen DAY Huo-Muh CHIU Chih-Tsao CHANG Chi-Peng HSU Lung-Fu Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan 《有机化学》1993,(2)
Approaches toward the synthesis of iridoids and 9-isocyanopupukeanane starting from cy-clopentadiene are discussed. 相似文献
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自组装分子凝胶的原位光聚合及其聚合物研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
合成了一种以二胺为基础的可聚合凝胶因子4,4’-二(α-甲基丙烯酰氧基- 1,3-亚乙氧基羰基丙酰氨基)二苯甲烷(BMDM),利用在特定结构区域的非共价 键相互作用自组装形成有序的三维纤维网络,使有机溶剂凝胶化。并利用紫外光引 发聚合,“锁定”凝胶网络,形成稳定的有序高级结构。光聚合后,分子凝胶的稳 定时间超过1年;而光聚合前,分子凝胶的稳定时间一般只有几天到几十天。由电 镜和偏光显微镜研究的凝胶形态学表明,凝胶中存在由相互缠结的三维纤维网络构 成的球晶。DSC研究表明,未聚合的分子凝胶中球晶结构的解缔(peak 1)须克服 一个势垒,势能为ΔH = 0.8 kJ·mol~(-1),这主要是一种范德华弱相互作用。而 发生的凝胶-溶胶相转变(peak 2),则说明了自组装纤维中BMDM分子间存在氢键 等次价键相互作用。这种次价键能即为凝胶-溶胶相转变热焓ΔH = 22.3 kJ· mol~(-1)。聚合凝胶只有体积相变而无凝胶-溶胶相转变,且聚合凝胶的体积相变 温度要比光聚合前的凝胶-溶胶相转变温度高出约为110 ~ 120 ℃。研究干聚合凝 胶在丙酮中的溶胀特性发现,其溶胀过程遵循二级溶胀动力学,影响该凝胶溶胀行 为的因素主要是交联程度。 相似文献
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(R)‐12‐Hydroxystearic Acid Hydrazides as Very Efficient Gelators: Diffusion,Partial Thixotropy,and Self‐Healing in Self‐Standing Gels 下载免费PDF全文
The gelation properties of derivatives of N‐alkylated (R)‐12‐hydroxystearic acid hydrazide (n‐HSAH, n=0, 2, 6, 10; n is the length of an n‐alkyl chain on the terminal nitrogen atom) in a wide variety of liquids is reported. The n‐HSAH compounds were derived from a naturally occurring alkanoic acid, (R)‐12‐hydroxystearic acid (R‐12HSA), and although they differ from the analogous N‐alkyl (R)‐12‐hydroxystearamides (n‐HSAA) only by the presence of one N?H group, their behavior as gelators is very different. For example, the parent molecule (0‐HSAH) is a supergelator in ethylene glycol, in which it forms self‐standing gels that are self‐healing, partially thixotropic, moldable, and load‐bearing; gels of 0‐HSAA are not self‐standing. 0‐HSAH is structurally the simplest molecular gelator of which we are aware that is capable of forming both self‐standing and partially thixotropic gels. Also, diffusion of the cationic dye erythrosine B and the anionic dye methylene blue in 0‐HSAH/ethylene glycol gel blocks is much slower than the self‐diffusion of ethylene glycol. Polarizing optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and FTIR studies revealed that the self‐assembled fibrillar networks (SAFINs) of the gels are crystalline, and that 0‐HSAH molecules may be arranged in a triclinic subcell with bilayer stacking. The SAFINs are stabilized by strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the hydrazide groups of adjacent molecules and a perpendicular hydrogen‐bonding network between the pendent hydroxyl groups of 0‐HSAH. The other n‐HSAH (n=2, 6, 10) molecules appear to be arranged in orthorhombic subcells with monolayers and strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the hydrazide group of one gelator molecule and the hydroxyl group of a neighboring one. These results show how small structural modifications of structurally simple gelator molecules can be exploited to form gels with novel properties that can lead potentially to valuable applications, such as in drug delivery. 相似文献