肝素类寡糖合成研究进展

肝素(heparin,HP)和硫酸乙酰肝素(heparan sulfate,HS)是糖胺聚糖(glycosaminoglycans,GAGs)家族中的一类线性硫酸化多糖,其结构复杂、牛物活性多样.为了深入研究其结构序列与小同生物活性之间的关系,近年来针对肝素类寡糖的合成与功能研究成为糖化学和糖牛物学研究的一个热点领域,涌现出一些新的合成方法与合成策略.选取了2001年以来国际上一些在肝素类寡糖的化学合成和酶法合成方面的代表性工作予以综述.     

聚糖的合成及其在糖疫苗研究中的应用

糖类在各种生命活动过程中发挥着重要的作用,但聚糖的获得性问题和其相对较弱的免疫原性一直限制了糖化学生物学尤其是糖疫苗研究的发展.近年来,聚糖和糖复合物化学合成技术的进步很大程度上促进了糖疫苗(包括抗菌疫苗、抗肿瘤疫苗、抗HIV疫苗等)研究的兴盛.其中,寡糖一釜合成策略和固相合成策略大大提高了聚糖合成的效率;聚糖与载体蛋白偶联的复合物也成功提高了糖抗原的免疫原性.本文将结合本课题组的相关研究工作,简述糖类化合物化学合成的方法和策略方面的研究进展及其在糖疫苗研究中的应用,希望对更好地理解糖化学生物学特别是糖疫苗有所帮助.     

通过酯交换方法简便地合成对称氢亚磷酸酯

磷酸酯桥连的糖结构在生物体内广泛存在,例如在糖蛋白的多糖片断中普遍存在磷酸酯桥连的糖单元.在合成这类天然产物时,通常用到的方法包括氢亚磷酸酯方法和磷酰胺方法.在研究合成糖的磷酸酯缀合物时,我们想要合成对称的葡萄糖亚磷酸酯,从而进一步合成各种磷酸酯桥连的糖磷酸酯缀合物.由于目标产物容易水解,采用传统的合成方法遇到了很大的困难.     

寡糖和多糖的合成

本文重点介绍了寡塘及多馆在化学合成方面的进展,述及了寡掂经典合成方法及近年来发展的一些新方法,如三氯乙酸亚胺基作为离去基团的方法,以缩水内醚糖为糖的给体的方法等。对多糖的合成主要介绍了1,6-、1,4-、1,3-、1,2-缩水内醚搪的阳离子聚合制备均聚多塘,及用糖原酸醋衍生物通过缩聚反应制备多塘。     

Microcellobospotia grisea中具有强抗肿瘤活性多糖重复单元中心片断的合成

通过应用三氟乙酸酯法和Koenigs-Knorr方法,对Microcellobospotia grisea中具有强抗肿瘤活性多糖重复单元中心二糖片断进行了合成研究,并经元素分析,IR,~1H,~(13)C-NMR,~1H～~1H COSY及FAB-MS确证了合成得到的二糖片断10～13的结构。     

Microcellobospotia grisea中具有强抗肿瘤活性多糖重复单元中心片断的合成

通过应用三氟乙酸酯法和Koenigs-Knorr方法，对Microcellobospotia grisea中具有强抗肿瘤活性多糖重复单元中心二糖片断进行了合成研究，并经元素分析，IR，^1H，^1^3C-NMR，^1H～^1H COSY及FAB-MS确证了合成得到的二糖片断10～13的结构。     

含磷糖生物缀合物的合成

糖生物缀合物具有许多重要的生物功能.因而,建立化学合成各种新型糖类缀合物的方法,进一步研究其结构与生物功能之间的关系,对于探索其生物学功能具有十分重要的理论意义和实际应用价值.本文通过改进的化学方法合成了56种结构新颖的糖基-1-磷酰氨基酸甲酯衍生物,所有目标化合物的结构均被NMR和MS等方法确认,并研究了它们NMR谱学特征和在质谱中的裂解规律.     

糖苷的化学合成进展

糖苷是一类非常重要的化合物,广泛存在于天然产物中,并具有多样的生物活性。糖苷的高效合成引起了越来越多研究者的关注。目前研究最多的是不断探索更高效、高选择性的合成方法。本文主要介绍了近年来糖苷化学合成的研究进展,包括以卤代糖、硫代糖、三氯乙酰亚胺酯糖、全乙酰糖、原酸酯糖、葡萄糖、磷酸酯糖作为糖基供体的合成方法。     

糖聚肽高分子的合成、自组装及生物医学应用

糖聚肽高分子是一类由聚肽(也称聚氨基酸)和糖类化合物(包括单糖、寡糖和多糖)构成的生物可降解高分子.糖聚肽高分子具有与天然糖蛋白分子类似的化学组成,能够在一定程度上模拟天然糖蛋白的结构和性能,近年来引起了学术界的广泛研究兴趣.本文总结了糖聚肽高分子的合成方法及其在水溶液中的自组装行为,并着重评述了糖聚肽高分子在生物分子识别、靶向基因/药物传输和组织工程支架等生物医学领域中的应用.     

糖苷化学合成研究进展

糖苷是一类非常重要的化合物,广泛存在于天然产物中,并具有多样的生物活性。糖苷的高效合成引起了越来越多研究者的关注。目前研究最多的是不断探索更高效、高选择性的合成方法。本文主要介绍了近年来糖苷化学合成的研究进展,包括以卤代糖、硫代糖、三氯乙酰亚胺酯糖、全乙酰糖、原酸酯糖、葡萄糖、磷酸酯糖作为糖基供体的合成方法。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.