低能X射线工业CT图像杯状伪影校正

为了去除X射线工业CT图像中的杯状伪影,提高CT图像的识别能力和量化分析精度,提出一种基于分度投影和权函数的射束硬化校正方法。首先分析得出杯状伪影主要是由X射线连续谱穿过被测物体过程中出现的射束硬化所导致。然后扫描阶梯模型,采集不同厚度下的投影数据并求出线衰减系数,通过拟合曲线,得到硬化模型函数和权函数校正模型函数,并确定权函数。接着,扫描被测圆柱形工件,采集不同分度下的投影数据。最后,针对每一个分度投影数据,采用权函数与当前分度投影数据乘积的方法进行硬化校正。对含有杯状伪影的实际CT图像进行了校正实验,结果表明,与多项式拟合法相比,该方法校正后的灰度图像没有放大噪声,且信噪比提高3.29%,有效地消除了杯状伪影,同时较好地保留了图像边界细节。     

低能X射线工业CT图像杯状伪影校正

为了去除X射线工业CT图像中的杯状伪影,提高CT图像的识别能力和量化分析精度,提出一种基于分度投影和权函数的射束硬化校正方法。首先分析得出杯状伪影主要是由X射线连续谱穿过被测物体过程中出现的射束硬化所导致。然后扫描阶梯模型,采集不同厚度下的投影数据并求出线衰减系数,通过拟合曲线,得到硬化模型函数和权函数校正模型函数,并确定权函数。接着,扫描被测圆柱形工件,采集不同分度下的投影数据。最后,针对每一个分度投影数据,采用权函数与当前分度投影数据乘积的方法进行硬化校正。对含有杯状伪影的实际CT图像进行了校正实验,结果表明,与多项式拟合法相比,该方法校正后的灰度图像没有放大噪声,且信噪比提高3.29%,有效地消除了杯状伪影,同时较好地保留了图像边界细节。     

工业CT图像均匀性校正

在工业CT图像重建过程中,射束硬化使得图像出现“杯状”伪影,阵列探测器响应不一致使得图像出现环状伪影、带状伪影和点伪影,影响图像均匀性.本文分析了射束硬化的原理和探测器响应不一致的数学模型,并通过实验,对探测器响应进行多挡板定标得到校正系数表.利用查表插值的方法对投影数据进行均匀性校正,消除上述伪影.     

X射线CT正交基材料分解成像方法及其在校正金属伪影中的应用

针对被测样品的组成物质已知且彼此不混合的情况,提出了一种结合能谱信息的单能谱计算机断层扫描（CT）图像重建方法。该方法利用已知物质作为基材料对CT投影数据的采集过程进行数学建模,然后对该非线性模型进行基材料图像的迭代求解。在求解中,通过将基材料“不混合”的性质转化为向量正交性,实现了迭代过程的快速收敛。本文方法充分考虑了X射线的能谱和被测样品材料的属性,可显著地校正传统CT图像中的硬化伪影和金属伪影,有效地提高该类样品的CT成像质量。实验验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于重投影的多项式拟合校正射束硬化

在X射线工业CT(ICT)中,射束硬化会导致重建的图像出现伪影,甚至产生变形。为了消除这种影响,提出了一种基于重投影的多项式拟合校正射束硬化的方法。该方法对原始CT图像进行阈值分割二值化,将物体目标区域的像素值设为1;重投影此二值图像以获取X射线贯穿物体的长度集合;利用多项式拟合此长度集合与多色投影间的关系来建立射束硬化校正模型,用该模型对多色投影进行校正。与传统的多项式拟合校正方法相比,该方法不需要楔状模体(用于测量不同厚度下的衰减值,以此来建立射束硬化校正模型)。研究表明,该方法能有效地抑制射束硬化的影响。     

基于局部线性关系的扇束X射线荧光CT几何校正研究

基于X射线管的X射线荧光计算机断层扫描术(CT)受多种因素影响,成像质量不佳,几何参数误差是制约其高质量图像重建的重要因素之一.本文分析成像二维平面模体与探测器相对位置偏移对投影数据的影响,并基于原始投影数据和原始重建图像再投影数据的局部线性关系实现几何偏移参数校正;利用Geant4模拟存在偏移参数的扇束X射线荧光CT系统,使用模拟投影数据验证校正方法.研究结果表明:该方法能计算出相对精确的几何偏移量,有效消除几何参数误差对重建图像的影响,校正后的重建图像信息熵降低,平均梯度和标准差提高,图像质量提升.     

硬化伪影的新型表现形式及其校正

X射线硬化是导致工业CT重建图像质量下降的物理原因之一。硬化伪影通常表现为两种形式,即杯状伪影和带状伪影。描述并证实了硬化伪影的一种新型表现形式,这种伪影与真实结构相关,且分布规则,容易造成伪影与真实结构的混淆。采用线性化校正方法对该伪影进行抑制,提高了重建图像质量,改善了通过CT重建图像进行几何测量的精度。     

局部扫描情况下多项式拟合的X射线硬化校正

在进行X-CT成像时,容易诱发射束硬化效应。通过多项式拟合建立起多色投影同透射距离的数学模型,然后将多色投影校正为单色投影,是一种简单高效的射束硬化校正方法。对于局部扫描的情况,在重建图像域通过正投影方法计算得到的透射距离不再代表真实的射线穿过长度,拟合数据不再有效。因此借助一圆柱模体,根据圆柱自身的几何特性,通过解析的方法计算得到射线真实的透射距离,并用于射束硬化校正。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效抑制射束硬化引起的图像伪影,提高CT重建图像质量。     

基于自注意力机制U-net的微焦CT去射线源模糊方法

在微焦CT成像中,通常利用增大X射线源管电压、管电流来提高扫描效率,但射线源功率增加会导致焦点尺寸增大,投影图像模糊,从而降低重建图像的空间分辨率。为了解决因非理想射线源焦点引起的图像模糊问题,本文提出利用深度学习在投影域映射非理想焦点与理想焦点投影之间的关系。推导了理想焦点投影与非理想焦点投影的正向关系,基于该关系构建配对数据集;提出一种基于自注意力机制的U-net网络（SU-net）学习非理想焦点投影到理想焦点投影的逆向关系。仿真实验和实际实验结果表明,提出的SU-net方法能准确地从非理想焦点投影中估计出理想焦点投影,可有效减少焦点导致的图像模糊。     

基于动态电流的锥束CT环状伪影校正方法

为了去除平板探测器中坏点和响应不一致探元引起的环状伪影对X射线计算机断层成像(CT)质量的影响,利用探元响应与管电流的线性相关关系,提出了一种基于探测器校正的环状伪影去除方法。检测出不同管电流下响应恒定的探元后,分别计算每个探元响应与管电流的相关系数,并检测出响应随机变化和迅速达到最大的探元,将检测出的探元记入坏点模板并进行校正。以单个管电流下所有探元响应的均值为基准,计算同一组管电流下各探元响应曲线方程与基准曲线方程的转化关系,得到探测器的一致性校正参数矩阵。依据坏点模板和一致性校正参数对各探元的输出响应进行校正。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效去除环状伪影,并改善图像信噪比。解决了现有坏点检测方法中阈值选择困难的问题,可适用于多种类型的探测器。     

基于动态磁聚焦的CT球管飞焦点研究

作为CT设备的核心器件,CT球管采用动态磁聚焦技术以利于大电流输出时小焦点的实现。飞焦点技术可以多角度记录每次扫描的每个投影,提高采样率,从而大幅改善图像清晰度,提高成像质量。当CT球管为1 A大电流输出时,采用CST软件对双磁四极透镜关键参数进行模拟仿真及优化,满足焦点目标尺寸为0.2 mm×0.6 mm的同时具备飞焦点功能。     

Ring artifacts correction based on the projection-field in neutron CT

Ring artifacts will happen mostly when the detector has inconsistent response among the detector channels, and the characteristic produced rings centered in the iso-center in the reconstructed slices inevitably affect the recognition and analysis of the corresponding sample structures in neutron computed tomography(CT). In this work, a ring correction method based on the projection-field(RCP) is proposed, it is a pre-processing method and provides the corrected projection data directly, which is also conducive to efficient data storage and other algorithmic researches. Simulation and physical experiments are performed for verifying the effect of the method, and one of the correction methods based on the imagefield is used for comparison. The results demonstrate that the RCP can correct the ring artifacts well without reducing the image resolution or over-correction.     

锥束CT平板探测器成像的余晖建模与校正方法

锥束CT具有高效率和高精度的显著特点, 在医学成像与工业无损检测等领域已得到广泛应用, 但余晖的存在降低了CT图像的质量. 本文借鉴余晖多指数衰减模型的思想, 结合平板探测器输出信号的实际衰减规律, 提出了一种新的基于多指数拟合的余晖衰减建模及校正方法. 首先进行了基于平板探测器的锥束CT成像实验, 结果表明平板探测器各像素的余晖衰减规律具有良好的一致性, 且余晖衰减规律与初始灰度的大小无关; 其后根据建立的余晖衰减模型实现了余晖的快速校正, 并分析比较了余晖校正前后投影图像和切片图像质量, 表明余晖校正后的零件轮廓清晰度得到了显著提升. 该方法无需获取探测器闪烁体成分及其衰减时间常数, 便于实际锥束CT成像系统的余晖检测与校正. 关键词： 余晖 平板探测器 锥束CT 多指数衰减     

Guided filter and adaptive learning rate based non-uniformity correction algorithm for infrared focal plane array

Imaging non-uniformity of infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) behaves as fixed-pattern noise superimposed on the image, which affects the imaging quality of infrared system seriously. In scene-based non-uniformity correction methods, the drawbacks of ghosting artifacts and image blurring affect the sensitivity of the IRFPA imaging system seriously and decrease the image quality visibly. This paper proposes an improved neural network non-uniformity correction method with adaptive learning rate. On the one hand, using guided filter, the proposed algorithm decreases the effect of ghosting artifacts. On the other hand, due to the inappropriate learning rate is the main reason of image blurring, the proposed algorithm utilizes an adaptive learning rate with a temporal domain factor to eliminate the effect of image blurring. In short, the proposed algorithm combines the merits of the guided filter and the adaptive learning rate. Several real and simulated infrared image sequences are utilized to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experiment results indicate that the proposed algorithm can not only reduce the non-uniformity with less ghosting artifacts but also overcome the problems of image blurring in static areas.     

Scatter correction method for cone-beam CT based on interlacing-slit scan

Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) has the notable features of high efficiency and high precision, and is widely used in areas such as medical imaging and industrial non-destructive testing. However, the presence of the ray scatter reduces the quality of CT images. By referencing the slit collimation approach, a scatter correction method for CBCT based on the interlacing-slit scan is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of CBCT imaging, a scatter suppression plate with interlacing slits is designed and fabricated. Then the imaging of the scatter suppression plate is analyzed, and a scatter correction calculation method for CBCT based on the image fusion is proposed, which can splice out a complete set of scatter suppression projection images according to the interlacing-slit projection images of the left and the right imaging regions in the scatter suppression plate, and simultaneously complete the scatter correction within the flat panel detector(FPD). Finally, the overall process of scatter suppression and correction is provided. The experimental results show that this method can significantly improve the clarity of the slice images and achieve a good scatter correction.     

线焦斑X射线源成像

为解决普通X射线源光通量和空间相干性的矛盾,本文提出一种焦斑为线状的新型X射线源.理论上,本文所提的射线焦斑为理想的线,沿线方向上提供高通量光子;垂直线方向光源为空间相干光,可为系统提供高分辨率图像.沿着线方向上,图像会损失细节,为补偿该方向上图像的损失,利用旋转叠加的方法,重构出高分辨率图像.在频率域,分析了旋转叠加空间频率传递函数值的分布特性,其结果表明:相对单个图像,频率传递函数在频域的各个方向,传递函数特性有大幅度提高,从而可以传递图像高空间频率成分.基于普通X射线管,实现了该种射线源,并利用实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

Anisotropic total variation minimization approach in in-line phase-contrast tomography and its application to correction of ring artifacts

In-line phase-contrast computed tomography(IL-PC-CT) imaging is a new physical and biochemical imaging method.IL-PC-CT has advantages compared to absorption CT when imaging soft tissues. In practical applications, ring artifacts which will reduce the image quality are commonly encountered in IL-PC-CT, and numerous correction methods exist to either pre-process the sinogram or post-process the reconstructed image. In this study, we develop an IL-PC-CT reconstruction method based on anisotropic total variation(TV) minimization. Using this method, the ring artifacts are corrected during the reconstruction process. This method is compared with two methods: a sinogram preprocessing correction technique based on wavelet-FFT filter and a reconstruction method based on isotropic TV. The correction results show that the proposed method can reduce visible ring artifacts while preserving the liver section details for real liver section synchrotron data.     

Improved interframe registration based nonuniformity correction for focal plane arrays

In this paper, an improved interframe registration based nonuniformity correction algorithm for focal plane arrays is proposed. The method simultaneously estimates detector parameters and carries out the nonuniformity correction by minimizing the mean square error between the two properly registered image frames. A new masked phase correlation algorithm is introduced to obtain reliable shift estimates in the presence of fixed pattern noise. The use of an outliers exclusion scheme, together with a variable step size strategy, could not only promote the correction precision considerably, but also eliminate ghosting artifacts effectively. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated with clean infrared image sequences with simulated nonuniformity and real pattern noise. We also apply the method to a real-time imaging system to show how effective it is in reducing noise and the ghosting artifacts.