啤酒酵母来源甘露聚糖的环境友好型提取工艺研究

采用酵母自溶-热水浸提法提取酵母细胞壁中的甘露聚糖,确定了酵母自溶工艺条件为:3%NaCl、pH 5.5、50℃下自溶处理24 h;自溶因素的重要性次序为:NaCl浓度自溶液pH自溶温度.确定了酵母细胞壁甘露聚糖的热水浸提的条件,即:热水温度90℃,浸提8 h.最终浸提液中甘露聚糖浓度可达到52.1 mg/L.以废啤酒酵母为原料制备甘露聚糖可减少环境污染,并提高产品附加值,增加企业收益,取得良好的经济效益.     

昆仑雪菊中黄酮类化合物提取与纯化

用超声法提取昆仑雪菊中黄酮类化合物,通过大孔树脂对提取液进行纯化,纯化物经聚酰胺层析柱梯度洗脱得到初步分离物,通过颜色反应和紫外光谱扫描进行定性分析。设计正交实验得到超声法提取的最佳工艺条件是65%乙醇、料液比为1∶40、超声时间60 min,此条件下提取3次,总黄酮得率可达132.6 mg/g。通过聚酰胺柱层析法分离出五个组分,初步判断它们属于不同的黄酮类物质。超声法提取总黄酮,提取率较高,聚酰胺树脂对黄酮类化合物的分离效果较好。     

毛木耳黑色素的提取工艺及理化性质研究

本文采用氢氧化钠浸提法对毛木耳中的黑色素进行提取.以黑色素得率为指标,设置浸提液浓度、料液比和浸提时间3个条件,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化毛木耳黑色素的提取工艺.使用紫外分光光度计和傅里叶红外光谱仪,结合化学试剂法对毛木耳黑色素的结构进行表征,并研究毛木耳黑色素的热稳定性、光稳定性和抗氧化性.结果表明,毛木耳黑色素的最佳提取条件为浸提液氢氧化钠溶液浓度1.5mol·L~(-1),料液比1∶30g·mL~(-1),浸提时间1h.表征结果显示毛木耳黑色素为邻苯二酚结构,是碱溶性物质,不溶于酸溶液与有机溶剂,且热稳定性高于光稳定性.DPPH自由基清除率研究表明,IC_(50)为0.46g·L~(-1),清除率在60%以上.本文研究结果对毛木耳黑色素的高效生产具有一定的促进与指导作用,表明毛木耳具有开发成新型黑色素原材料和抗氧化剂的潜力.     

姜黄中姜黄素的提取研究

以总姜黄素含量为考察指标,采用正交设计优化乙醇法提取姜黄中姜黄素,用分光光度法对姜黄素提取液总姜黄素含量进行检测。考察了料液比、浸提时间、温度、乙醇浓度等因素对提取量的影响。结果表明:在30℃时,乙醇浓度70%、料液比1∶28、浸提时间2 h提取率最高,该提取条件下提取工艺合理、科学。     

正交试验与响应面法优化微波提取地黄多糖工艺研究（英文）

为了获得微波提取地黄多糖的最佳条件,采用正交试验法和响应面法分别优化微波提取地黄多糖工艺,以地黄多糖得率为指标,采用微波提取地黄多糖,苯酚-硫酸法测定地黄多糖的含量,以微波提取时间、提取温度和料液比进行三因素分析,根据单因素试验结果设计正交试验和响应面试验,进一步优化微波提取地黄多糖工艺。微波提取地黄多糖工艺通过正交试验法优化的结果表明,最佳条件为微波提取时间150 s,提取温度80℃,料液比1 g∶10 mL,该条件下的地黄多糖得率为72.10%。响应面法优化微波提取地黄多糖工艺的结果表明,修正后的最佳工艺条件为微波提取时间137 s,提取温度89℃,料液比1 g∶8 mL,该条件下的地黄多糖得率为74.41%。经过两种优化方法的比较,响应面法适合优化微波提取地黄多糖工艺,能够有效提高地黄多糖得率。     

以丙酮为溶剂提取纯化槐米中芦丁的工艺研究

以丙酮作为有机溶剂,采用加热回流的方法对槐米中的芦丁进行提取纯化。并对工艺条件如水浴温度、水浴时间、丙酮浓度以及料液比四个因素进行单因素试验和四因素三水平响应面试验设计的优化。通过碱溶酸沉和丙酮挥发两次重结晶析出的方法进行粗芦丁的纯化,进而采用高效液相色谱和核磁氢谱检测纯化后的芦丁样品。结果表明,响应面优化试验结果极显著,提取工艺的最佳条件为水浴时间29 min、丙酮浓度54%、料液比8.6 g/L、水浴温度70.4℃,芦丁提取率为(79.17±0.91)%。芦丁样品和标品核磁氢谱图基本一致,芦丁纯化结果为纯度为(96±0.81)%,纯品得率为(71±2.49)%。     

响应面法优化盐肤木中漆黄素提取工艺的研究

研究盐肤木中漆黄素的最佳提取工艺。采用单因素试验基础,以湖南产盐肤木中漆黄素得率为评价指标,通过响应面分析法确定盐肤木中漆黄素最佳提取工艺和条件。盐肤木中漆黄素最佳提取工艺:水浴时间80 min、料液比1∶30、溶剂35%乙醇水溶液、pH值9.5、水浴温度87℃,盐肤木中漆黄素理论预测得率为0.18%,实际得率为0.19%。优化出的盐肤木中提取漆黄素的最佳工艺可行。     

基于人工神经网络的茶叶咖啡因提取条件的优化

研究了浸提时间、液料比、溶剂酸碱度和浸提温度对提取效果的影响。在单因素试验的基础上对提取咖啡因的工艺条件进行了优化,优化结果显示,浸提温度在咖啡因的提取过程中影响最为显著,其次是提取时间、pH值和液料比,各因素较优的水平为浸提温度80℃,浸提时间90 min,液料比为30∶1,pH=7,并对正交实验数据分别作多元一次和二次回归,得到相应的回归方程。最后以正交实验为基础建立了人工神经网络优化模型,该模型的优化结果为浸提温度100℃,浸提时间115 min,液料比为41∶1,pH=4.5。实验证明,人工神经网络得出的结果优于正交实验,二者结果的差异在于多因素之间的交互作用。     

柿皮黄色素主要成分的鉴别及提取工艺条件的选择

用显色反应检测及UV-VIS-分光光度法确定了柿皮黄色素的主要成分为类胡萝卜色素。探讨了从柿子皮中提取天然黄色素的工艺。研究了提取剂的类型、料液比、浸提温度、时间、次数等因素对柿皮黄色素提取的影响。通过正交试验,确定了最佳提取工艺：浸提料液比为1g：20mL,浸提温度60℃,浸提时间2.5h,浸提次数为2次,此条件下提取率为80．74mg／100g。     

百合多糖的超声波提取工艺研究

以百合多糖的得率为指标,对超声波提取与沸水回流提取进行了比较。采用单因素试验和正交试验对超声波提取百合多糖工艺进行优选。实验表明,超声波提取百合多糖的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度90℃,料液比1∶6,提取3次,提取时间40 min,百合多糖的得率为1.37%。     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Preparation and photolysis of poly-p-ethylacrylophenone and poly-p-chloroacrylophenone and their copolymers with styrene and methyl methacrylate

Poly-p-ethylacrylophenone (PPEtAP) and poly-p-chloroacrylophenone (PPClAP) and their copolymers with styrene (PEtAP/S) and (PClAP/S) and with methyl methacrylate (PEtAP/MMA) and (PClAP/MMA) were prepared. Quantum yields of main-chain scissions at 366 nm at room temperature in benzene solution are of the same order as those of the unsubstituted polyacrylophenone and its copolymers. Substitution with chlorine and ethyl group in the para position compared to the unsubstituted polyacrylophenone and its copolymers leads to an increase of the lifetime for the n–π^* excited triplet state, as is evident from the measured quenching constants of photolysis. The low-temperature emission spectra of the copolymers are similar to the spectra of the model compounds in a polymer film. For the homopolymer, however, the character of the emission spectrum changes considerably.     

Concentrations and distributions of trace and minor elements in Chinese and Canadian coals and ashes

A total of 35 trace and minor elements including some of environmental significance were determined in each of a selection of 15 Chinese and 6 Canadian thermal coals and their ashes by using the SLOWPOKE-2 nuclear reactor facility of the University of Toronto. The concentrations and distributions of these constituents among the coals and their combustion products (viz. ash and volatile matter) are presented together with an interpretation of their significance in relation to the large scale combustion of these coals as thermal fuels in industrialized countries such as China and Canada. The detailed results showed wide variations in trace impurity concentrations (up to a factor of 100 and more) among the coals studied with few large differences between those of Chinese and Canadian origin except that the rare earths, Sc, Th, U, I, and Se were much higher in the former, other halogens, As and Na were lower. Values for elemental enrichment factors (EF) relative to normal crustal abundances indicated that only As(EF=13), Br(5.7), I(16), S(230), Sb(11) and Se(320) were appreciably enriched in coal. During static ashing at 750°C most of the halogens, S and Se were volatilized whereas most other inorganic constituents were highly retained and concentrated in the ash by factors of 6 to 11.