基于硫代黄素T诱导G-四联体构成的生物传感器检测铅离子

硫代黄素T(ThT)荧光分子在自由状态下荧光强度很弱, 通过在Tris-HCl缓冲液中加入Pb²⁺的适配体即富含G的DNA序列, 可与ThT荧光分子形成G-四联体结构, 使荧光信号迅速增强; 向溶液中加入Pb²⁺, Pb²⁺与其适配体有很好的结合特异性, 可生成更牢固的G-四联体结构, 使ThT分子被释放出来, 导致溶液的荧光强度降低, 基于此可检测溶液中的Pb²⁺离子. 实验中优化了缓冲溶液组成、 ThT荧光分子浓度、 Pb²⁺适配体浓度及反应时间等条件. 结果表明, 在10 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH=8.3, 含2 mmol/L MgCl₂)缓冲溶液中, ThT荧光分子和Pb²⁺适配体的浓度分别为10 μmol/L和200 nmol/L, 反应10 min时, 随着溶液中Pb ²⁺浓度的增加, 荧光强度减弱. Pb²⁺浓度在20~1000 nmol/L范围内时, 荧光强度与Pb²⁺的浓度呈现良好的线性关系(R²=0.9941), 检出限为1 nmol/L. 实际水样测试结果表明, 该方法的回收率在98.8%~101.3%之间. 该传感器灵敏、 快速、 无需化学修饰荧光分子且成本低.     

基于富G序列的无标记荧光传感器检测单链核酸

具有特定构象的富G序列（如G-四链体和G-三链体）与荧光染料相互作用可有效增强其荧光信号强度，被广泛应用于构建无标记荧光生物传感。本研究以硫磺素T(Thioflavin T, ThT)为荧光染料，构建了两种基于富G序列的无标记荧光传感器，用于检测阿尔兹海默病标志物β-淀粉样蛋白（β-Amyloid protein, Aβ）的基因序列。实验结果表明，分子发夹茎长为4个碱基时，富G序列以G-三链体的结构存在，以此构建的G-三链体传感器的输出信号随Aβ基因浓度增加而降低，线性检测范围为1～100 nmol/L，检出限为0.3 nmol/L(S/N=3)。分子发夹茎长为8个碱基且5′端添加碱基AATT时，其与Aβ基因结合后，富G序列多以G-四链体结构存在，以此构建的G-四链体传感器的输出信号随Aβ基因浓度增加而增强，线性检测范围为0.1～100 nmol/L，检出限为0.04 nmol/L (S/N=3)。两种传感器制备过程相似但检测原理不同，为富G序列的深入研究与应用提供了参考，同时为单链核酸的无标记荧光检测提供了新的思路。     

基于G-四链体/硫黄素T的荧光生物传感器检测Pb^(2+)北大核心CSCD

本研究利用Pb^(2+)与硫黄素T(ThT)对功能核酸G-四链体(G4)中心位点的竞争关系,构建了一种荧光生物传感器用于Pb^(2+)的简单灵敏检测。ThT可以特异性结合G4,且在结合后显示出明显的荧光信号。Pb^(2+)能与G4形成更稳定的结构,故而当溶液中存在Pb^(2+)时,ThT会从G4-ThT体系中被竞争释放出来,失去受G4束缚状态下的刚性结构,从而降低了其荧光强度。在最优条件下,该体系荧光信号与Pb^(2+)浓度在5~1000 nmol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检测限为1.6 nmol/L,同时实现对中药材独活中Pb^(2+)含量的加标测定。方法具有操作简便、响应快速以及高选择性超灵敏的特点,在Pb^(2+)检测方面有良好的应用潜力。     

基于铜/银纳米簇检测铜离子的方法研究

通过设计不同富含G碱基的DNA序列,探究了G碱基对核酸-铜/银纳米簇(DNA-Cu/AgNCs)的荧光增强效应,并建立了铜离子的荧光检测方法。结果发现,在富含C碱基序列模板的5'端增加G5序列后,制备得到的铜/银纳米簇的荧光强度显著增强。同时,该DNA-Cu/AgNCs的荧光可被Cu~(2+)和Hg~(2+)猝灭。通过NaBH_4掩蔽Hg~(2+)实现了对Cu~(2+)的特异性检测。该方法检测Cu~(2+)的线性范围为0.01～5.0μmol/L,检出限为5.0 nmol/L。方法具有简单快速、选择性高、成本低等优点,可用于实际样品测定。     

基于芬顿反应和硫磺素T构建免标记荧光传感器用于葡萄糖的检测

基于芬顿反应和硫磺素T(ThT)构建新奇的免标记荧光传感器用于葡萄糖的检测。当无葡萄糖存在时,ThT诱导富G-DNA探针形成G-四链体/ThT复合物,ThT的荧光强度显著增强;当葡萄糖存在时,葡萄糖氧化酶催化葡萄糖产生H2 O2,在Fe^2+催化的芬顿反应作用下,H2 O2转化为羟基自由基(·OH),·OH引发DNA的氧化损伤导致富G-DNA探针裂解为短寡核苷酸片段而丧失形成G-四链体/ThT的能力,ThT的荧光强度显著降低,从而实现对葡萄糖的检测。在优化的检测条件下,G-四链体/ThT荧光强度变化和葡萄糖浓度在0.5~45μmol/L的范围内呈现较好的线性关系(R^2=0.99268),检出限为0.1μmol/L。利用本法对葡萄糖加标的血液样品进行分析,葡萄糖的回收率为90.7%~118.3%,相对标准偏差为1.7%~5.8%,方法可用于血糖检测。     

基于双重猝灭原理的分子信标定量检测凝血酶

利用G碱基和有机猝灭基团对荧光基团的双重猝灭作用构建了分子信标,建立了一种基于双重猝灭原理的检测凝血酶的简单方法.此分子信标中荧光基团设计为羧基荧光素(FAM),有机猝灭基团设计为Black Hole Quencher 1(BHQ-1),BHQ-1连接3个含有G碱基的核苷酸,分子信标的环设计为凝血酶的核酸适配体.体系中没有凝血酶时,分子信标呈茎环结构,荧光基团FAM与有机猝灭基团BHQ-1及G碱基相互靠近,FAM的荧光在BHQ-1及G碱基的双重猝灭下,其荧光信号很弱;当体系中有凝血酶存在时,分子信标与凝血酶特异性结合,形成G-四联体结构,茎-环结构被破坏,FAM远离猝灭基团BHQ-1及G碱基,其荧光得到恢复.在最适条件下,体系的荧光强度(△I)与凝血酶的浓度(C)在0.4~40 nmol/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为△I=24.63C(nmol/L)+13.06(R2=0.9972),检出限为0.18 nmol/L(3σ,n=9).实际血样加标回收率为96.3%~98.7%.     

核酸适配体封盖的介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒用于肌红蛋白的检测

利用核酸适配体封盖的介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒构建了一种新型、 简便及免标记的肌红蛋白定量检测方法. 首先, 用肌红蛋白核酸适配体将荧光小分子罗丹明6G封盖在介孔颗粒内, 当存在目标物肌红蛋白时, 由于介孔颗粒上的核酸适配体可特异性结合肌红蛋白而脱离介孔颗粒表面, 进而释放介孔颗粒内的罗丹明6G, 使溶液荧光强度增强. 实验结果表明, 荧光强度与肌红蛋白的浓度呈正相关, 通过荧光强度的变化可实现对肌红蛋白的定量检测. 该方法的检出限低至1.1 nmol/L, 且选择性好, 可满足临床医学的检测要求.     

基于核酸适配体的荧光法检测中药中赭曲霉素A

赭曲霉素A(OTA)是污染中药材的重要真菌毒素,严重影响中药材质量和用药安全.在小檗碱溶液中加入OTA和其核酸适配体后,处于随意卷曲状态的核酸适配体会被OTA诱导折叠成为G-四链体构象,使小檗碱的微环境发生改变,从而增强其荧光信号.基于此,本文以OTA核酸适配体为识别原件,小檗碱为荧光探针发展了一种无标记的荧光体系检测OTA.对主要影响因素,包括K+,Mg2,小檗碱和核酸适配体浓度进行了优化.在最佳实验条件下,小檗碱荧光信号变化值与OTA浓度在5～200 nmol/L范围内成正比,检出限5 nmol/L.该方法仅使用无标记的核酸适配体完成了OTA的检测,避免了对核酸适配体的繁琐设计和标记.方法 有较高的特异性,并成功应用于中药桔梗中OTA的检测,回收率在86.3％～105.6％之间.     

基于核酸适配体的荧光法检测水胺硫磷和丙溴磷

建立了基于适配体的农药水胺硫磷和丙溴磷的荧光检测方法.采用可特异性识别水胺硫磷和丙溴磷、且5 '端标记荧光基团FAM的核酸适配体(F-ssDNA),与3 '末端标记猝灭基团DABCYL的短链序列(Q-ssDNA)互补杂交形成双链结构,荧光基团的荧光被淬灭,荧光信号很弱;此时加入靶分子,特异性结合核酸适配体,引起互补短链序列从双链结构中解离,使适配体荧光信号增强,基于此可实现水胺硫磷、丙溴磷的定量检测.优化后的检测条件为:将终浓度为25 nmol/L F-ssDNA与50 nmol/L Q-ssDNA在25℃孵育20 min,使二者杂交形成双链适配体探针复合物,加入等体积的农药样品孵育60 min,然后检测体系的荧光信号变化值△I.在最佳条件下,△I与水胺硫磷和丙溴磷的浓度均在50～ 500 μmol/L范围内呈线性关系.水胺硫磷的检出限(LOD,3σ)为11.4 μmol/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.8％(n=10);丙溴磷的检出限为14.0 μmol/L,RSD为4.9％(n=l0).用于实际水样中两种农药的检测,加标回收率为85.8％ ～95.3％.     

基于 G-四联体门控制效应的铅离子适配体传感器

将富鸟嘌呤(G)序列核酸适配体与门控制效应相结合,通过控制门的开关实现信号放大,构建了新型电化学生物传感器,用于铅离子(Pb2+)的高灵敏检测。首先将单-6-巯基-β-环糊精(6-SH-β-CD)自组装在金电极上,形成有序排列的分子自组装膜,且分子之间留有空隙,可作为探针通过的门结构。随后将发夹结构的富含 G 序列的核酸适配体修饰在环糊精次面端口,制得可特异性识别 Pb2+的电化学生物传感器。富 G 序列适配体结合 Pb2+后可折叠形成 G-四联体结构(G4-Pb2+),覆盖住电极表面的探针通道,产生关门效应,使探针氧化还原电流强度减小,进而形成门控制效应,利用该效应可进行 Pb2+的定量检测。门控制效应显著提高了信噪比和检测的灵敏度,在1×10-13~5×10-11 mol/ L 浓度范围内,Pb2+浓度的负对数与 DPV 响应电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.6×10-14 mol/ L(DL=3δb / K)。传感器用于实际水样品中 Pb2+的测定,结果令人满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.