Highly selective asymmetric acetate aldol reactions of an N-acetyl thiazolidinethione reagent

[reaction: see text] A highly diastereoselective acetate aldol reaction that uses a tert-leucine-derived thiazolidinethione auxiliary and dichlorophenylborane has been developed. The reaction proceeds in excellent yields and with high diastereoselectivities (drs range from 9.5:1 to >100:1).     

Indene-based thiazolidinethione chiral auxiliary for propionate and acetate aldol additions

An indene-based thiazolidinethione chiral auxiliary was prepared in two steps from trans-1-amino-2-indanol. Chlorotitanium enolates of this chiral auxiliary delivered excellent diastereoselectivities in propionate and acetate aldol additions. The chiral auxiliary was easily removed to deliver several valuable functionalities.     

Synthesis of a new N-acetyl thiazolidinethione reagent and its application to a highly selective asymmetric acetate aldol reaction

[reaction: see text] A new N-acetyl thiazolidinethione reagent, which undergoes highly diastereoselective aldol reactions upon enolization with dichlorophenylborane and (-)-sparteine and subsequent treatment with a variety of aldehydes, is described. This reagent is pseudoenantiomeric to an L-tert-leucine-derived reagent recently described by us and is useful because it avoids the prohibitively costly D-tert-leucine.     

手性螺环双膦氧化物催化的不对称还原-Aldol反应(英文)

以螺环膦氧化合物为催化剂及三氯硅氢为还原剂,发展了手性Lewis碱催化的烯酮与醛的不对称还原-Aldol反应.该类催化剂在查耳酮以及类似物与各种醛的不对称还原-Aldol反应中表现出较高的反应活性和良好的立体选择性,以较好的产率(45%-88%)、中等到优秀的非对映选择性(8:92-100:0)以及最高达95%的ee值得到相应的还原Aldol产物.     

Regio- and diastereoselective reactions of chiral secondary alkylcopper reagents with propargylic phosphates: preparation of chiral allenes

The diastereoselective S_N2′-substitution of secondary alkylcopper reagents with propargylic phosphates enables the preparation of stereodefined alkylallenes. By using enantiomerically enriched alkylcopper reagents and enantioenriched propargylic phosphates as electrophiles anti-S_N2′-substitutions were performend leading to α-chiral allenes in good yields with excellent regioselectivity and retention of configuration. DFT-calculations were performed to rationalize the structure of these alkylcopper reagents in various solvents, emphasizing their configurational stability in THF.

The diastereoselective S_N2′-substitution of secondary alkylcopper reagents with propargylic phosphates enables the preparation of stereodefined alkylallenes.     

Enantio- and diastereoselective reductive aldol reactions with iridium-pybox catalysts

[see reaction]. A catalytic amount of [(cod)IrCl]2 and indane-pybox converts diethylmethylsilane, methyl acrylate, and certain aldehydes to the derived reductive aldol adduct with good enantio- and diastereocontrol.     

Titanium enolates of thiazolidinethione chiral auxiliaries: versatile tools for asymmetric aldol additions

[formula: see text] Asymmetric aldol additions using chlorotitanium enolates of thiazolidinethione propionates proceed with high diastereoselectivity for the "Evans" or "non-Evans" syn product depending on the nature and amount of the base used. With (-)-sparteine as the base, selectivities of 97:3 to > 99:1 were obtained for the Evans syn products with 2 equivalents of base and for the non-Evans syn when 1 equiv of base was employed. The thiazolidinethione auxiliaries are easily removed, and the aldol adducts can be readily transformed to various functional groups. Even direct reduction to the aldehyde with diisobutylaluminum hydride is possible.     

Double diastereoselective SuperQuat glycolate aldol reactions: application to the asymmetric synthesis of polyfunctionalised lactones

Polyfunctionalised lactones with up to five contiguous stereocentres may be prepared with high stereocontrol by a double diastereoselective aldol protocol with protected homochiral alpha,beta-dihydroxy- or alpha,beta-gamma-trihydroxyaldehydes and a chiral glycolate oxazolidinone, followed by subsequent O-desilylation and lactonisation.     

Highly diastereoselective mannich-type reactions of chiral N-acylhydrazones

The Lewis acid-mediated addition of silyl enolates to easily accessible homochiral N-acylhydrazones derived from 3-amino-2-oxazolidinones proceeded in yields up to 71% and diastereomeric ratios of 99:1. In most cases, optimal reaction conditions entailed the simple use of ZnCl(2) in acetonitrile at room temperature. Hydrazones derived from phenyl-, isopropyl-, and benzyl-substituted 2-oxazolidinones were examined in the reaction in terms of yield and diastereoselectivity. The facile SmI(2)-mediated N-N bond cleavage of the formed hydrazines was demonstrated yielding a beta-amino acid derivative. Hence, the overall reaction sequence constitutes an efficient asymmetric Mannich-type reaction. The sense of diastereoselectivity was explained by a preferential attack on the less shielded Si face of the chiral hydrazones and confirmed by means of X-ray crystallography.     

Acetate aldol reactions of chiral oxocarbenium ions

Chiral oxocarbenium ions have been exploited to carry out highly diastereoselective and enantioselective acetate aldol addition reactions. The chiral auxiliary has been optimized to give the product with good diastereoselectivity.     

Highly diastereoselective nitroaldol reactions with chiral derivatives of glyoxylic acid

N-Glyoxyloyl-(2R)-bornane-10,2-sultam (1a) and (1R)-8-phenylmenthyl glyoxylate (1b) react stereoselectively with simple nitroalkanes giving diastereomeric nitroalcohols with high asymmetric induction. The glyoximide 1a is proved to be a highly efficient chiral inducer, superior to glyoxylate 1b. In all cases, the absolute configuration (2S) and relative configuration, syn for the major diastereoisomers, were confirmed.     

Highly diastereoselective conjugate additions of monoorganocopper reagents to chiral imides

Stereoselective conjugate additions to chiral N-enoyl amides employing various monoorganocuprate reagents, Li[RCuI], are described. The presence of TMSI in the addition of Li[RCuI] in THF provided the highest stereoselectivities. Reversed major diastereomeric ratios were obtained employing Li[RCuI] in ether or conventional copper-promoted Grignard reagents. The results presented support the favored anti-s-cis conformation of the substrates using Li[RCuI]/TMSI in THF, while the copper-promoted Grignard reagents or the Li[RCuI] reagents in ether favor the opposite syn-s-cis conformation. Influence of lithium ions on the stereoselective conjugate addition of the monoorganocuprate reagent, Li[BuCuI], has been investigated and two different mechanistic pathways are presented. The results show that iodotrimethylsilane (TMSI) is crucial for the asymmetric conjugate addition of the copper reagent, but only in THF or when 12-crown-4 is used. The reaction is thought not to involve any halosilane in any critical steps in the organocopper mechanisms conducted in ether. The (CuI)₄(SMe₂)₃ complex precursor plays an instrumental role for the conjugate addition using monoorganocopper reagents.     

Highly selective acetate aldol additions using mesityl-substituted chiral auxiliaries

[reaction: see text] Highly diastereoselective acetate aldol additions using chlorotitanium enolates of mesityl-substituted N-acetyloxazolidinethione and N-acetylthiazolidinethione auxiliaries are reported. These additions proceed in high yields and diastereoselectivities (93:7 to 98:2) for aliphatic, aromatic, and ,-unsaturated aldehydes. Double diastereoselective acetate aldol additions are also reported and are found to proceed in high yields and diastereoselectivities (90:10 to 97:3).     

Regio- and diastereoselective boron-mediated aldol reactions of chiral α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated N-acyloxazolidinones

Chiral N-acyloxazolidinones derived from conjugated dienoic acids undergo boron-mediated aldol condensation in good yield and with high regio- and diastereoselectivity to provide a convenient method for introducing a 1,3-diene subunit. The condensation of a homologous triene derivative is also described.     

Catalytic, asymmetric synthesis and diastereoselective aldol reactions of dipropionate equivalents

The dimer of methylketene can be conveniently prepared in one step and high enantiomeric excess from propionyl chloride, using a catalytic amount of a silylated cinchona alkaloid as a source of chirality. Opening of the dimer with a lithiated sulfonamide affords a beta-ketosulfonimide, which undergoes Sn(II)-mediated aldol reactions to diastereoselectively afford the anti,syn-aldol adduct. Alternatively, reduction of the dimer to the beta-hydroxy ketone, followed by acylation, affords a beta-acyloxyl ketone that undergoes diastereoselective, dialkylboron chloride-mediated aldol reactions to produce the anti,anti-aldol adduct.     

(S,S)-(+)-pseudoephedrine as chiral auxiliary in asymmetric acetate aldol reactions

The asymmetric acetate-type aldol reaction using (S,S)-(+)-pseudoephedrine has been studied in detail. Experimental variables like the nature of the metal counterion of the enolate, the presence of additives and the structure of the aldehyde have been examined in order to reach to the highest possible yields and diastereoselectivities.     

Double diastereoselection in anti aldol reactions mediated by dicyclohexylchloroborane between an l-erythrulose derivative and chiral aldehydes

Anti aldol reactions of an l-erythrulose derivative with several α-chiral aldehydes mediated by dicyclohexylboron chloride are examined. Good yields and stereoselectivities are observed. The results are best explained when the reactions are assumed to occur via boat-like transition states with minimization of 1,3-allylic strain and avoidance of syn pentane interactions.     

Constructing chiral diazoacetoacetates by enantioselective catalytic Mukaiyama aldol reactions

Asymmetric catalysis of Mukaiyama aldol addition reactions of methyl 3-TMSO-2-diazo-3-butenoate 4 with aromatic aldehydes using AgF/(R)-BINAP at −20 °C produces chiral diazoacetoacetates in high chemical yields and with high enantiocontrol.     

Practical and highly selective oxazolidinethione-based asymmetric acetate aldol reactions with aliphatic aldehydes

[reaction: see text] The utility of a valine-derived oxazolidinethione for auxiliary-based asymmetric acetate aldol reactions is reported. Titanium(IV) chloride, along with (-)-sparteine and N-methylpyrrolidinone, is employed for enolization. Subsequent aldol reaction with aliphatic aldehydes occurs with high diastereoselectivity (from 92:8 to 99:1 dr).     

Stereoselective chloroacetate aldol reactions: syntheses of acetate aldol equivalents and darzens glycidic esters

Aldol reaction of the Ti-enolate derived from cis-1-tosylamido-2-indanyl chloroacetate with representative aldehydes proceeded in excellent yield and high diastereoselectivities. Removal of chlorine provided alternative access to highly diastereoselective acetate aldol equivalents or the corresponding glycidic ester condensation products. [reaction: see text]