Pd/羧基功能化离子液体选择性催化氧化苯乙烯

 利用羧基对咪唑型离子液体的阳离子进行功能化,得到一系列具有不同羧基数目及与不同阴离子搭配的N-羧基功能化咪唑离子液体(TSILs), 进而构筑PdCl2/TSILs催化剂体系. 以过氧化氢为氧化剂,将PdCl2/TSILs用于选择性催化氧化苯乙烯合成苯乙酮. 研究结果表明, PdCl2/TSILs催化体系对目标反应具有理想的催化性能,羧基功能化离子液体的阳离子及其搭配的阴离子对苯乙酮的选择性和产率均有显著的影响. 阳离子的羧基数目越多,阳离子的不对称性越高, PdCl2/TSILs催化剂体系的活性越好. 含有相同阳离子的PdCl2/TSILs催化剂体系,其催化性能按照阴离子PF-6＜H2PO-4＜Cl-＜BF-4的顺序递增且与其酸强度顺序相反. 含有三羧基的功能化离子液体与PdCl2构筑的催化剂体系具有最佳的催化性能,在55 ℃下,该催化剂体系的转换频率值达到125 h-1, 苯乙烯可以完全转化且苯乙酮的选择性为91%.     

Br(o)nsted酸性离子液体催化异丁醛和叔丁醇缩合反应

考察了Br(o)nsted酸性离子液体同时作为溶剂和催化剂催化异丁醛和叔丁醇缩合制备 2,5-二甲基-2,4-己二烯的反应性能.结果表明,Br(o)nsted酸性离子液体具有良好的催化性能,反应后反应产物与离子液体自动分层易分离,离子液体经过真空干燥处理后可以作为溶剂和催化剂循环使用.调变离子液体中的阳离子或阴离子的结构对催化性能有较大的影响.     

Brnsted酸性离子液体催化异丁醛和叔丁醇缩合反应

考察了Brnsted酸性离子液体同时作为溶剂和催化剂催化异丁醛和叔丁醇缩合制备2,5-二甲基-2,4-己二烯的反应性能.结果表明,Brnsted酸性离子液体具有良好的催化性能,反应后反应产物与离子液体自动分层易分离,离子液体经过真空干燥处理后可以作为溶剂和催化剂循环使用.调变离子液体中的阳离子或阴离子的结构对催化性能有较大的影响.     

离子液体催化甘油和尿素合成甘油碳酸酯（英文）

将一系列酸性、碱性和中性的功能化离子液体用于催化甘油和尿素合成甘油碳酸酯.结果表明,中性离子液体表现出更高的催化活性.离子液体阳离子和阴离子的协同效应促进了反应的进行,离子液体阳离子的正电性活化尿素,阴离子的负电性活化甘油,并且催化剂酸碱位点的平衡对催化反应过程也有一定的影响.此外,离子液体可以实现回收利用至少五次,且催化活性基本不变.采用功能化离子液体替代传统金属催化剂,减少了不可再生资源的利用,且所用原料为廉价易得的生物基原料,过程中也不使用有机溶剂,环境友好.     

高活性离子液体催化棉籽油酯交换制备生物柴油

 制备了五种对水稳定性好、带-SO3H 官能团的Bronsted酸离子液体,并用它们催化棉籽油酯交换反应制备生物柴油. 结果表明,磺酸类Bronsted酸离子液体具有很好的催化活性,其催化活性与阳离子中的含氮官能团和碳链长度有关,吡啶丁烷磺酸硫酸氢盐离子液体的催化活性最好,其活性接近于浓硫酸催化剂. 离子液体容易同产物分离,具有很好的稳定性,可以循环使用,对环境友好,是制备生物柴油的较理想催化剂.     

咪唑鎓离子液体协同催化苯酚与碳酸丙烯酯的反应

在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑乙酸盐([bmim]OAc)催化下,苯酚和碳酸丙烯酯一步合成了丙二醇苯醚.系统考察了反应温度、反应时间及催化剂用量对反应性能的影响,在优化的反应条件下,丙二醇苯醚的收率达79%.同时研究了不同咪唑鎓离子液体的阴阳离子的种类对催化反应的影响,发现咪唑鎓中的C2-H对反应有极大的促进作用,咪唑鎓通过提供氢键能力活化反应底物碳酸丙烯酯;同时,离子液体的阴离子也对反应有很大的影响,阴离子通过接受氢键能力活化另一反应底物苯酚.离子液体阴阳离子通过提供和接受氢键协同催化苯酚与碳酸丙烯酯的反应.离子液体循环使用5次,其活性未见明显降低.     

离子液体催化甘油和尿素合成甘油碳酸酯

将一系列酸性、碱性和中性的功能化离子液体用于催化甘油和尿素合成甘油碳酸酯。结果表明,中性离子液体表现出更高的催化活性。离子液体阳离子和阴离子的协同效应促进了反应的进行,离子液体阳离子的正电性活化尿素,阴离子的负电性活化甘油,并且催化剂酸碱位点的平衡对催化反应过程也有一定的影响。此外,离子液体可以实现回收利用至少五次,且催化活性基本不变。采用功能化离子液体替代传统金属催化剂,减少了不可再生资源的利用,且所用原料为廉价易得的生物基原料,过程中也不使用有机溶剂,环境友好。     

离子液体介质中用Cu/ZrO2-SiO2催化香茅醛加氢合成薄荷醇

制备了Cu/ZrO2-SiO2双载体催化剂, 并在离子液体介质中研究了香茅醛催化加氢合成薄荷醇的反应. 研究结果表明, 离子液体中的阳离子与香茅醛分子中的羰基形成氢键, 使香茅醛更容易异构化为胡异薄荷醇, 提高了催化剂的选择性; 特别是可调节酸度的[bmim][AlmCln]离子液体, 有效地提供了香茅醛的异构化所需要的路易斯酸条件, 在竞争性加氢中促进了香茅醛向生成薄荷醇的方向转化. 在0.8 MPa, 90 ℃, 2 h的条件下, 香茅醛一锅反应生成薄荷醇的转化率为100%, 对薄荷醇的选择性为91.3%, 而且, 催化剂和离子液体可回收和重复使用.     

室温离子液体中催化合成肉桂酸苄酯

研究离子液体中肉桂酸钾和氯化苄经缩合合成肉桂酸苄酯的新方法,并对多种离子液体的作用性能进行了考察.研究结果表明,离子液体中BMImBF4的催化性能最佳,但是肉桂酸苄酯的收率仍不高,只有当相转移催化剂四丁基氯化铵存在时,肉桂酸钾与溶于离子液体中的氯化苄在温和的反应条件下才可高效率地得到肉桂酸苄酯,收率可达96.5%.产物分离简单,离子液体和相转移催化剂形成的双催化体系可以稳定地循环使用5次以上.     

设计新型液液两相催化体系:π配体离子液体

 π配体催化剂与离子液体体系相结合有助于解决反应效率、产物分离和催化剂循环等一系列均相催化体系不易解决的难题. 近几年相关的研究逐渐深入,由简单地使用离子液体作为π配体催化反应的介质向利用离子液体自身结构的方向发展,相继出现了几类不同的研究思路. 例如,利用π配体催化剂与离子液体形成络合物,使用离子型π配体改善催化剂在离子液体中的溶解性,以及合成功能化阳离子或功能化阴离子的π配体离子液体. 本文结合这几类离子液体化学键联π配体(简称π配体离子液体)的研究进展,从离子液体功能化设计的角度探讨了π配体离子液体的合成思路,为设计具有更好催化性能的功能化离子液体体系提供借鉴.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。