二氰基乙烯基并三噻吩的光谱行为

本文设计合成了两种二氰基乙烯基并三噻吩化合物,即2-二氰基乙烯基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2’,3-’d]噻吩(DCTT)与2-二氰基乙烯基二噻吩并[2,3-b:3’,2-’d]噻吩(DCST).研究了介质极性对吸收与发射光谱行为的影响,考察了化合物的分子结构与其发光能力的关系.溶剂效应显示化合物DCST随介质的极性增加,分子内电荷转移态(ICT)的荧光发射峰位红移现象更为明显,展示出较大的Stokes位移.化合物DCTT随介质的极性增加,发光行为表现出负的溶致变色效应,与"能级邻近效应"有关.溶剂效应说明了DCTT分子中并三噻吩部分给出电子的能力较弱,而DCST分子中的并三噻吩部分给出电子的能力较强,是导致二者ICT态的发光能力的差异的主要原因.     

4,4'-二甲氧基三苯胺取代偶氮苯开关分子的设计合成、电化学及光化学性质研究

通过Pd催化的Sonogashira偶联合成了三个以4,4'-二甲氧基三苯胺基团为氧化还原中心的偶氮苯化合物4～6,电化学和光谱电化学的研究表明,该类化合物具有优秀的氧化还原可逆性.光致异构的实验表明,三苯胺基团在偶氮苯上的取代位置对该类化合物的光化学性质有显著的影响.化合物4不仅可以通过光照实现顺式到反式的异构化,也可仅通过改变三苯胺基团的价态高效地实现.     

基于星射状三苯胺敏化剂的分子设计

以性能优良的三苯胺星射状分子WD8为母体,通过密度泛函理论方法,探讨了取代基团在不同位置时,对母体分子电子性质、光谱性质和电荷传输性能的影响.结果表明,取代基团位置的不同,对分子的前线分子轨道组成基本没有影响.当2-氰基-3-呋喃基-丙烯酸基团取代位置由对位变为间位时,分子的吸收范围最大.当2-氰基-3-呋喃基-丙烯酸基团和1个吩噻嗪-苯基团取代位置由对位变为间位时,分子的EHOMO最大,ELUMO和Eg最小,分子的最大吸收波长最长.当2-氰基-3-呋喃基-丙烯酸基团和2个吩噻嗪-苯基团取代位置由对位变为间位时,分子的电荷传输性能最强.     

不同位置取代的三氰基乙烯基蒽的光谱行为的研究

本文设计合成了两个典型的共轭的电子给体与电子受体(D-A)化合物:2-三氰基乙烯基蒽(2-TCVA)与9-三氰基乙烯基蒽(9-TCVA),通过极性效应,温度效应对它们基态与激发态的光谱行为进行了表征。研究表明:这两个化合物均表现出显著的电荷转移(CT)吸收峰,分子受光激发后,9-TCVA只能在非极性溶剂中产生分子内电荷转移(ICT)态荧光,而2-TCVA在极性与非极性溶剂中都能从ICT态发光。另外,温度效应显示冻结态下,2-TCVA只发射ICT态荧光,而9-TCVA既发射类蒽(anthracene-like)荧光又发射ICT态荧光,造成这一现象的主要原因可能是2-TCVA与9-TCVA分子平面性上的差异而引起分子内电荷转移相互作用不同所致。文中还利用了Bilot-Kawski公式估算了化合物2-TCVA在激发态与基态时偶极矩的差值为18.8D。     

巯基化合物结构对巯基/乙烯基共聚体系紫外光固化反应活性的影响

运用FTIR原位跟踪方法, 以巯基和碳碳双键官能团转化率做为检测指标, 研究了巯基化合物的结构对紫外光固化巯基/乙烯基共聚体系固化行为的影响. 在相同的反应条件下, 苯硫酚的反应活性明显低于硫醇的反应活性; 巯基化合物中吸电子基团(酯基)会使反应活性降低, 而推电子基团(异丙撑基)会使反应活性提高. 采用量子化学中密度函数理论B3LYP/6-31G*的方法和基组对巯基化合物中S与H的净电荷和键长计算结果表明：吸电子基团使S上的净电荷减少, 其与H的共价键键长缩短; 而推电子基团的作用则相反. 此结果佐证了FTIR的实验结果, 揭示了巯基化合物结构对巯基/乙烯基共聚体系紫外光固化反应活性的影响机理.     

不同方位取代的二氰基乙烯基蒽的光谱行为的研究

本文设计合成了二个典型的共轭的电子给体与电子受体（D－A）化合物：2－二氰基乙烯基蒽（2－DCVA）与9－二氰基乙烯基蒽（9－DCVA）．考察了极性因素、温度因素对化合物发光能力的影响。研究表明：在不同极性溶剂中该二化合物均发分子内电荷转移（ICT）态的荧光，但2－DCVA的荧光量子产率（Φf）远大于9－DCVA的荧光量子产率，造成这一现象的主要原因可能是2－DCVA分子的平面性好于9－DCVA分子而引起分子内电荷转移相互作用不同所致．文中还用Bilot－Kawski公式估算了该二化合物在激发态与基态时仍极矩的差值。     

氰基丙二烯与乙烯环加成机理的理论研究

应用AM1方法研究了氰基丙二烯和乙烯环加成反应的反应机理,讨论了氰基对反应机理的影响。结果表明乙烯和氰基丙二烯之间的反应是自由基反应,乙烯进攻氰基丙二烯的中心碳原子从能量上考虑比进攻两端碳原子更为有利,且位垒比丙二烯上无取代基时低,比氨基取代时高,说明吸电子基团氰基取代氢原子后,使环加成反应易于进行,但没有供电子基团氨基的作用大。以上结论均与实验结果一致。     

蓝光萘酰亚胺发光材料的合成与表征

通过在4位引入不同芳香基团,采用Suzuki和Stille偶联反应,设计与合成了一系列新型1,8-萘酰亚胺类荧光染料,并研究了它们的紫外-可见吸收、荧光发射和电化学行为等光物理性质。这些化合物在甲苯中均发射蓝色荧光,最大吸收和荧光发射峰分别在357～378和423～451nm之间,且随着芳香基团供电性增强,吸收和荧光发射波长发生红移。芳香基团的结构对化合物的发光效率影响很大,其中,取代基为甲氧基苯的化合物具有最高的荧光量子效率,可达0.98,而取代基为噻吩的化合物荧光量子效率最低,只有0.17。电化学循环伏安研究表明该类化合物具有较高的电子亲合力,不同芳香基团的引入只影响化合物的被占分子轨道(HOMO)能级,而对化合物的最低空分子轨道(LUMO)能级没有影响,即LUMO能级由1,8-萘酰亚胺单元决定。     

取代苯醌在乙腈中的电化学和光谱电化学研究

研究了含有甲基、甲氧基、氟或氯等不同取代基的对苯醌衍生物在乙腈中的电化学和紫外-可见光谱电化学性质,并探讨了取代基对化合物电化学性质的影响.结果表明,每个化合物均可以发生两步可逆的单电子还原反应,分子中的供电子基能使还原反应电位发生负移,而吸电子基则可使电位发生正移.还原电位的变化值(ΔE)与取代基哈密特常数(∑σ)之间呈线性关系,其方程为:ΔE1=0.386 9∑σ-0.073 5(V),R2=0.996,ΔE2=0.280 3∑σ-0.114 5(V),R2=0.981.在控制电位还原时化合物的紫外可见光谱具有明显的变化,表明两步还原反应的产物分别为阴离子自由基(R)nQ.-和负二价阴离子(R)nQ2-(R=—CH3,—OCH3,—Cl,—F;n=0～4).     

2-烷基-1,1-二苯基乙烯的电子转移光敏化氧化反应的研究

有机物的光氧化反应可经历自由基链式反应、单线态氧(~1O_2)以及电子转移等三种基本类型的反应机理,对于电子转移的研究,仅近几年才开始受到重视。Foote等首先报道,芳香族取代烯烃在氰基蒽类敏化作用下发生电子转移(ET)光氧化反应,并已从几方面得以证明。最近Foote与作者之一利用亲核基团的分子内捕获环化反应证实了芳族烯烃自由基正离子的存在,进一步支持了上述电子转移机理。另一方面,脂肪族烯烃却易与亲电的~1O_2进行光氧化反应,即使用氰基蒽类敏化剂也往往如此。然而,至今只对为数很少的苯基取代的ET型光氧化进行了研究,例如     

503—Comparative study of the electrochemical behaviour of glucose and other compounds of biological interest

The electro-oxidation of glucose and related compounds was studied in phosphate buffered media using a smooth platinum working electrode at different temperatures. A comparative analysis of the electrochemical behaviour of glucose and gluconic acid was made. Different electrochemical responses were found in the hydrogen adatom and in the PtO layer formation potential regions. Potentiostatic and potentiodynamic measurements with inositol, fructose, xylose, arabinose and glucose-1-phosphate were also performed in an attempt to find a relation between the electrochemical behaviour and the structural characteristics of these molecules. Our results suggest that the hemiacetalic group of the glucose molecule seems to play an important role in the electro-oxidation process. The electro-oxidation order of the different carbohydrates and derivatives resembles to some extent the electrochemical conversion order already established for other organic compounds.     

Electrochemical Behaviour of Magnesium(II) on Ni Electrode inLiCl-KCl Eutectic

The electrochemical behaviour of magnesium(II) and the formation mechanism of Mg-Ni alloys on Ni electrode were studied in LiCl-KCl eutectic using various electrochemical techniques. Cyclic voltammogram and square-wave voltammogram revealed that under-potential deposition of magnesium occurred on Ni electrode because Mg-Ni alloy compounds were formed. The thermodynamic properties of the Mg-Ni intermetallics, Mg₂Ni and MgNi₂, were determined using open circuit chronopotentiometry in the temperature range of 818―893 K. Moreover, the Mg-Ni alloys were produced by potentiostatic and galvanostatic electrolysis under different conditions and characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The experimental results indicate that Mg-Ni intermetallic compounds can be selectively produced by potentiostatic electrolysis.     

Electrochemistry of potentially bioreductive alkylating quinones : Part 1. Electrochemical properties of relatively simple quinones,as model compounds of mitomycin- and aziridinylquinone-type antitumour agents

The influence of methyl-, hydroxy and amino substituents on the electrochemical behaviour of simple 1,4-naphtho-and 1,4-benzoquinones, model compounds of many quinoid antitumour agents, in aqueous media was studied. Significant changes in electrochemical behaviour were observed, potentially the result of a change in the electron density of the quinone moiety, pre- or post-protonation of substituents, hydrogen bond formation, tautomerization reactions and steric interactions between the quinone moiety and substituents. The information obtained was of benefit in the elucidation of the reduction mechanisms of quinoid antitumour agents such as aziridnylquinones and mitomycins.     

含硝基咔唑类有机电催化剂的合成及其对醇的电催化氧化

有机小分子的电催化氧化是催化领域的一个重要研究内容.通过醇的选择性氧化合成相应醛或酮类化合物在精细化学品和有机化学中间体的合成领域均具有十分重要的意义.有机电催化合成用电子代替强氧化还原剂,可以使反应在比较温和的条件下进行.但在直接电氧化合成反应中,电极表面容易生成有机聚合物膜,使电极钝化,电流效率急剧下降.而在电子转移媒质作用下的有机电催化反应不仅可以避免电极表面钝化,还可以控制目标产物的过度氧化.三芳胺类化合物是一类新型的电氧化还原媒质,由于其具有较宽的电化学氧化还原电位已引起研究者的广泛关注.咔唑类化合物相比于三芳胺类具有更好的平面性,使得取代基效应更为显著.咔唑类化合物被广泛作为荧光材料,但用于电化学方面的研究很少.本文通过在咔唑类化合物中引入具有强吸电子性的硝基以提高该类化合物的氧化电位,并将其作为有机电催化媒质,采用间接电化学氧化的方式,在室温下研究醇的电化学催化氧化反应,合成相应醛类化合物.
　　我们合成了三种含硝基咔唑类有机电催化剂,通过1H NMR对其结构进行了鉴定.采用循环伏安法测试了该类有机电催化剂的电化学氧化还原性能.发现取代基的电子效应对有机电催化剂的氧化还原电位及电化学氧化还原可逆性有很大的影响,供电子基(–OCH3)的引入使氧化电位负移(0.717 V),吸电子基(–Br)的引入使氧化电位明显正移(1.282 V).同时,取代基的引入有效改善了有机电催化剂的电化学可逆性,从而可以作为有效的电氧化还原媒质应用于电化学氧化反应中.而当把化合物中的NO2还原为NH2后,咔唑类化合物的电化学氧化还原可逆性完全消失,表明硝基的引入对咔唑类有机电催化剂的电化学性能有很大的影响.
　　循环伏安结果发现,在咔唑类硝基化合物的作用下,对甲氧基苯甲醇(p-MBzOH)的电化学氧化峰电位从1.350 V降至1.286 V,表明可以在较低电位下进行电解,有效降低了电氧化反应的能耗,同时氧化峰电流明显增加,说明该类有机电催化剂对p-MBzOH具有良好的电催化性能.随着p-MBzOH浓度的增加,氧化峰电流也明显增大,说明在咔唑类有机电催化剂的作用下, p-MBzOH可以在比较高的浓度下进行电化学氧化电解.通过对不同对位取代基的苯甲醇类化合物进行循环伏安研究,发现含硝基咔唑类化合物对具有较高氧化电位的反应底物均表现出良好的电催化氧化性能.
　　在含硝基咔唑类有机电催化剂的氧化电位(1.28 V)和室温下,对不同浓度的p-MBzOH进行恒电位电解6 h,发现当催化剂的用量为底物的2.5 mol%时, p-MBzOH可以完全转化为相应的醛类目标产物.而且恒电位电解后分离回收的含硝基咔唑类有机电催化剂仍具有良好的电化学氧化还原可逆性.     

Ac-electrogravimetry study of ionic exchanges on a polypyrrole modified electrode in various electrolytes

For many years, polypyrrole films have appeared to be the most studied conducting polymer. Unfortunately, shadows still remain concerning the electrochemical mechanisms of these films and in particular, the aspect which concerns the limiting step which governs the electrochemical response. Different possibilities are available such as the transport of ionic species in the film, the electron transfer at the electrode/film or the electron motion in the film, the ionic exchanges at the film/interface electrolyte. Classical electrochemical methods do not permit to discriminate between these effects. Ac-electrogravimetry technique was used here to demonstrate that the electrochemical behaviour of thin pPy films is governed by the ionic insertion without any doubt. Particular parameters were modified as the ionic atomic weight or the electrolyte concentration to corroborate this idea.     

Syntheses and electrochemical behaviour of novel dmit or dmio (dithiolato) cobalt(iii) complexes with a η5-cyclopentadienyl or η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ring

Four novel cobalt(III) complexes with a cyclopentadienyl or pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ring and dmit or dmio ligands were synthesized, and their electrochemical behaviour was investigated. All these complexes exhibited three one-electron transfer steps: one reduction and two oxidation steps. In addition, a novel organosulphur compound was afforded by electrochemical oxidation of dmit cobalt complex. Thus, these complexes may have considerable synthetic potential as precursors for electron reservoirs and organosulphur compounds.     

电沉积Cu2xIn2-2xSe2薄膜的光电化学研究

用电沉积法制得Cu_2xIn_2-2xSe₂(铜铟硒)(0[1]并用EDAX对其组成进行分析。对薄膜电极的光电化学性能、光谱响应、能隙与x的依赖关系进行了研究。借助于现场微区扫描光电流谱观察了热处理、薄膜厚度、光极化对薄膜电极的光电性能影响。研究了Pb(NO₃)₂有效的浸渍对薄膜光电性能的影响。     

Electrochemical Behaviour of Isoflavones Genistein and Biochanin A at a Glassy Carbon Electrode

The electrochemical behaviour of genistein and biochanin A was studied at a glassy carbon electrode by cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry. Genistein undergoes three irreversible, pH dependent oxidation reactions with the transfer of one electron and one proton from each hydroxyl group. The formation of two electroactive products that undergo reversible redox reactions was observed. Biochanin A undergoes two irreversible, pH dependent reactions due to the oxidation of the two hydroxyl groups. The electrochemical behaviour of the chemical analogue daidzein was also investigated. The electroactive centres of genistein and biochanin A were identified and their oxidation mechanisms discussed.     

The effects of alkyl sulfates on the analysis of phenolic compounds by microchip capillary electrophoresis with pulsed amperometric detection

The effects of different surfactants (sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate) on the analysis of phenolic compounds by microchip-CE with pulsed amperometric detection were investigated. Using sodium decyl sulfate as a model surfactant, the effects of concentration and pH were examined. Under the optimized conditions, the analysis of six phenolic compounds was performed and compared with control runs performed without surfactant. When these surfactants were present in the run buffer, decreases in the migration time and increases in the run-to-run reproducibility were observed. Systematic improvements in the electrochemical response for the phenolic compounds were also obtained. According to the results presented, surfactants enhance the analyte-electrode interaction and facilitate the electron transfer process. These results should allow a more rational selection of the surfactants based on their electrophoretic and electrochemical effects.     

纳米Co-Sn金属间化合物的合成、表征及电化学吸放锂行为

用溶剂热法合成了三种纳米尺寸的Co-Sn金属间化合物, 即CoSn2、CoSn和Co3Sn2, 并研究了它们作为锂离子二次电池新型负极材料的电化学性能. 合成的粉末经过了X射线衍射(XRD), 透射电镜(TEM)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)的表征. 研究发现, 这三种金属间化合物均显示出较高的充放电稳定性. 由于低的锂离子扩散速率, 在嵌锂过程中锂离子不能深入到晶粒内部, 导致它们的电化学活性较低, 尤其是Co3Sn2, 其首次充电容量仅为 93 mAh•g−1.