第四纪湖相介形类组合的古气候与古环境意义:以洞庭盆地介形类现生种为例

本文在分析国内外第四纪湖相介形类组合古气候与古环境意义研究现状基础上,初步研究了洞庭湖湘阴近岸介形类现生种分布与生态特征.国外在第四纪湖相介形类古气候与古环境研究方面做了大量工作,取得了丰富成果.而国内该方面工作仅主要集中青藏高原及其邻区,其它地区鲜见.国外在详细介形类现生种生态调查基础上,建立基于其的环境参数转换函数,并在第四纪古气候与古环境定量重建中发挥了重要作用.然而我国现生种生态调查依然薄弱,主要表现在1)仅主要集中青藏高原等少数地区,其它地区还很少;2)生境数据绝大多为定性或半定量,很少定量;3)很少按季节采样.洞庭湖湘阴近岸包含3个属种,分别为未定种、Metacypris bellareticulata及Darwinula sp.,它们的生态要求为电导率240μs/cm,溶氧量10.45 mg/L,p H值8.1,水深0.5-1 m,水温10℃.     

The ecological sequence of Hipparion fauna in the mid-dle reaches of the Yellow River during Neogene

The faunal ecological type and sequence in the Tertiary red clay indicate that Hipparion fauna during the period 7.4-6.1 Ma in the middle reaches of the Yellow River is composed mainly of dorcadoides and mixed types. This represents semiarid veld environment with small fluctuation. The fossil assemblages characterized by the abundance of gaudryi types and even the occurrence of some Hominoid and Chalicotherium indicate an obviously warm and humid period since 5.3 Ma. The fossil assemblages during 3.4 Ma show the typical steppe fauna representing dry climate. It is indicated by the changes of ecological sequence that the climatic conditions in Pliocene are drier than that in late Miocene. The clay-skin content of red clay, which has a synchronous change with faunal features, is a rather good replacing palaeoclimatic index.     

The ecological sequence of Hipparion fauna in the middle reaches of the Yellow River during Neogene

The faunal ecological type and sequence in the Tertiary red clay indicate that Hipparion fauna during the period 7.4–6.1 Ma in the middle reaches of the Yellow River is composed mainly of dorcadoides and mixed types. This represents semiarid veld environment with small fluctuation. The fossil assemblages characterized by the abundance of gaudryi types and even the occurrence of some Hominoid and Chalicotherium indicate an obviously warm and humi period since 5.3 Ma. The fossil assemblages during 3.4 Ma show the typical steppe fauna representing dry climate. It is indicated by the changes of ecological sequence that the climatic conditions in Pliocene are drier than that in late Miocene. The clay-skin content of red clay, which has a synchronous change with faunal features, is a rather good replacing palaeoclimatic index.     

苏北沿海地区不同土地利用类型下土壤动物群落结构特征

【目的】了解中国苏北沿海地区不同土地利用类型下土壤动物的多样性及其生态分布特征,为该地区土壤动物系统研究以及生态系统健康评价提供基础资料。【方法】采用手拣法和干漏斗法,对苏北沿海3种不同土地利用类型(杨树人工林、杨-农复合林、农田)下的土壤动物群落组成与多样性特征进行研究。【结果】土壤动物群落在杨树人工林、杨-农复合林、农田中均以蜱螨目(Acarina)、弹尾目(Collembola)动物为优势类群,占全部捕获量的82.48%,是组成该地区土壤动物群落的主体; 土壤动物个体数量随季节呈现一定规律性,即夏>秋>春>冬; 土壤动物垂直分布上,表聚性明显; 在群落多样性方面,杨树人工林土壤动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数最高,杨-农复合系统土壤动物的丰富度(Margalef指数)最高,而农田土壤动物的Simpson优势度最高,多样性指数与均匀度指数最低。【结论】土地利用方式的转变影响了土壤动物的组成与多样性特征,复合经营和适度干扰可在一定程度上提高土壤动物的丰富度; 但是人为干扰强度较大时,会降低土壤动物的多样性和均匀度。     

中国华北地区近代地学期刊发展史

在收集大量资料的基础上，初次论证了１９４９年前华北地区地学期刊的创办背景、办刊宗旨、办刊特，点及发展历史。认为华北地区地学期刊发展较早，我国地学期刊的创办以及地质勘探与开发事业均发源于此；该地区的地学期刊８７％以上是地质期刊，主要是中央地质调查所、中国地质学会、中国地学会、北京大学地质系创办的。而地理期刊主要是北京儿所高校创办的，且数量较少。     

南海北部陆缘黏土矿物组合特征与地质意义

采用沉积矿物分析方法对南海北部九口探井渐新世—中新世沉积物进行系统的黏土矿物分析.结果表明:南海北部沉积物黏土矿物组成随时间及空间呈现规律性变化,黏土矿物伊/蒙转化深度具有自北向南逐步变浅的规律,与地温梯度升高变化趋势基本一致,这种黏土矿物伊/蒙转化的变化规律反映了南海北部洋陆过渡地壳减薄,莫霍面抬升,热流值升高的趋势.通过黏土矿物组合演变特征与热流变化趋势的相关关系,可以预测区域性温度场变化规律,加深对南海北部洋陆过渡地壳厚度变化的认识.     

Grain-size evidence for multiple origins of the reticulate red clay in southern China

The loess-paleosol sequences in Chinese Loess Plateau record the multi-cyclic paleo-climatic changes in the Quaternary period[1]. Presently, what interests people most is that at what degrees and scales the climates in southern China had corresponded to the alternating changes be-tween the glacial and interglacial climates in northern China in the Quaternary period. Many researchers[2―10] hope to find some potential Quaternary sediment materials in southern China, just as the loess-paleoso…     

Abrupt variations of the radiolarian fauna at Mid-Pleistocene climate transition in the South China Sea

Based on a detailed study of the radiolarian fauna, the abundance pattern of planktic foraminifera as well as on isotope and sedimentological records, the Mid-Pleistocene climate transition as a multiple transition phenomenon could be recognized at Core 17957-2 from the South China Sea. Distinct changes in the radiolarian/foraminfera ratio, the coarse fraction and the radiolarian assemblages can be related to the global climate cooling observed at the Mid-Pleistocene revolution (MPR) around 900 ka. A pronounced southward shift of the North Equatorial Current that leads to lower sea-surface temperatures in the South China Sea is documented by the shift of tropical to subtropical radiolarian assemblages at 900 ka. Increasing radiolarian abundance after the MPR can be interpreted as a result of stronger upwelling and nutrient supply. These abrupt variations could result from the northern trade wind system and East Asian monsoon circulation.     

南海北部浮游植物的时空异质性研究

 为研究南海北部浮游植物时空变化规律及其与海洋环境响应关系,采用1997-2002年开展的“南海专属经济区和大陆架渔业资源及其栖息环境调查”所取得的浮游植物调查数据,利用GIS空间局部插值法构建景观分析模型,对南海北部浮游植物时空异质性进行了分析。结果表明,南海北部海区浮游植物密度变化范围为0.03(4 179×10⁴ 个/m³,总平均为87.2×10⁴ 个/m³,夏冬春秋四季浮游植物平均密度由高至低。南海北部浮游植物总体近海高于远海,且在近海海域呈斑块状分布格局,斑块一般出现在北部湾中北部上升流区、粤东遮浪上升流区、台湾浅滩上升流区和粤西沿岸电白-阳江上升流区等南海北部几个重要上升流区内。浮游植物密度最高值斑块一般随着季风和沿岸流的季节转换而交替向东或向西方向进行有规律的漂移。     

自动控制与监测系统在华北半湿润偏旱区的试验研究

概述了某节水项目,论述了研究思路与技术路线,介绍了项目研究的主要内容,展望了灌溉用水管理技术的发展。     

中国北方农牧交错带形成之探讨

在综述前人对中国北方农牧交错带及其形成原因的研究的基础上,分析了农牧交错带的成因和过程,认为农牧交错带是经过长期演变形成的,是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果．自然因素特别是气候干湿波动对其形成和空间上的摆动有着深刻影响,人为因素尤其是农垦活动仅在自然因素基础上起着加速现代农牧交错带分布格局的形成和促使农牧界线频繁摆动的作用．