不同空间群SAPO－11分子筛对正辛烷异构化反应的催化性能

 不同条件下合成的SAPO－11分子筛，经焙烧后其XRD谱发生不同的变化．分析表明，SAPO－11分子筛晶胞的对称性发生不同的变化：有保持Icm2空间群的，有从Icm2空间群转变为Pna21空间群的．空间群发生变化的分子筛其晶胞收缩可达7．0％．考察了不同空间群SAPO－11分子筛对n－C08异构化反应的催化性能．结果表明，具有Icm2空间群的SAPO－11分子筛的催化性能好，具有Pna21空间群的SAPO－11分子筛的催化性能差．这是由于分子筛晶胞收缩，引起孔道结构发生变化，从而影响了其择形选择性．     

合成TS-1分子筛的结晶动力学及催化性能研究

 以自制的四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂，通过改进经典的水热晶化操作步骤，快速合成出TS－1分子筛，并对其合成过程进行了结晶动力学研究．结果表明，在所考察的晶化温度下，TS－1的成核诱导期均很短，且晶体的成核及生长速率随晶化温度的升高而增大；其表观成核活化能和表观生长活化能分别为33．60和36．73kJ／mol，比经典的水热合成体系所得数值略小．晶化温度越高，晶化液的pH值变化越显著；分子筛结构的迅速形成与晶化液pH值的快速上升过程相一致．高温下合成的TS－1分子筛对苯酚羟基化反应的催化活性更高．导致TS－1分子筛催化活性差异的主要原因是进入分子筛骨架中钛的含量不同，以及样品的结晶度不同．在不同晶化温度下所合成的TS－1分子筛颗粒尺寸稍有差别，但均为100nm左右．     

HMI体系下系列沸石子筛的动态合成与表征

在HMI体系中，采用水热动态晶化法，通过对Si/Al比，碱度，晶化温度，晶化 时间等反应条件进行调变，合成出纯相的MOR，ANA，MCM－56，MCM－49和MCM－22 等多种结构的沸石分子筛，发现反应物Si/Al比决定合成产物的物相，通过XRD， TG－DTA，SEM和TEM等方法研究了分子筛的物理化学性质并对HMI体系中合成的MOR 和ANA的晶体特征进行了表征分析。     

HMI体系下系列沸石子筛的动态合成与表征

在HMI体系中，采用水热动态晶化法，通过对Si/Al比，碱度，晶化温度，晶化 时间等反应条件进行调变，合成出纯相的MOR，ANA，MCM－56，MCM－49和MCM－22 等多种结构的沸石分子筛，发现反应物Si/Al比决定合成产物的物相，通过XRD， TG－DTA，SEM和TEM等方法研究了分子筛的物理化学性质并对HMI体系中合成的MOR 和ANA的晶体特征进行了表征分析。     

用氟化氢－三乙胺复合模板剂合成SAPO－34分子筛的晶化历程

 应用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FT－IR）、核磁共振（NMR）和热重分析（TGA）等表征手段研究了以HF－三乙胺复合模板剂合成SAPO－34分子筛的晶化历程．结果表明，在晶化过程中有SAPO－5分子筛生成，而随着晶化时间的延长，SAPO－5逐渐消失．通过SEM可以看出，SAPO－34的晶化在60h内不断进行，直到生成晶面完美的SAPO－34分子筛晶体．NMR研究表明，晶化过程中先生成磷酸铝结构，随后硅原子逐渐进入SAPO－34分子筛骨架．对晶化不同时间的SAPO－34分子筛进行了甲醇制低碳烯烃反应的性能评价，发现晶化12h的分子筛样品已经具有良好的催化性能．     

静态水热晶化法高效合成MCM-22分子筛

 采用静态水热晶化法，在Na2O－Al2O3－SiO2－HMI－H2O（HMI：六亚甲基亚胺）体系中，在HMI／SiO2摩尔比为0．09，H2O／SiO2摩尔比为12，晶化时间为60～80h的条件下，合成了MCM－22分子筛．利用固体硅胶表面的吸附性能提高模板剂的局部浓度，从而实现了分子筛的高效合成．对合成条件的研究结果表明，以比表面积（486m2／g）大、反应性能好的硅胶为硅源是静态水热晶化法高效合成MCM－22分子筛的关键，而成胶老化方式对MCM－22分子筛的晶化影响不大．产物的晶相和转晶的类型取决于合成凝胶的初始硅铝比．当SiO2／Al2O3摩尔比＝18～80时可以合成出MCM－22，当SiO2／Al2O3＝13～17时可以合成出MCM－49．硅铝比较低（如SiO2／Al2O3＝20）时，MCM－22分子筛易转晶为MOR分子筛，而在硅铝比较高（如SiO2／Al2O3＝50）时，可转晶为ZSM－5分子筛．     

MCM—41介孔分子筛合成研究：Ⅰ.水热合成法

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为附加试剂合成了ＭＣＭ－４１介孔分子筛,并用ＸＲＤ,ＳＥＭ和ＩＲ等表征手段考察了晶化时间、晶化温度、物料组成和附加试剂用量等对其晶化过程的影响。结果表明,ＭＣＭ－４１介孔分子筛的晶化诱导期较长,在晶化后期存在着转晶现象,而且有一较适宜的晶化温度,物料组成和附加试剂用量范围。     

晶化温度对MCM-41结晶度、酸性和骨架铝结构的影响

选择硅酸钠－硫酸铝－十六烷基三甲基氯化铵体系,在水热条件下合成ＭＣＭ－４１中孔分子筛,采用ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ、２７Ａｌ－ＭＡＳＮＭＲ进行了晶化温度与ＭＣＭ－４１分子筛结构和性能的关联研究．结果表明,在晶化温度为１５０℃时,ＭＣＭ－４１分子筛的结晶度最高;适当提高晶化温度,ＭＣＭ－４１分子筛呈现出酸性增加、四铝配位环境趋于规则和弱酸中心逐渐消失的规律．     

MCM-48介孔分子筛的合成研究

利用水热法合成了ＭＣＭ－４８介孔分子筛,通过ＩＲ,ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ,ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ,Ｎ２吸附等方法对产物进行了表征,并系统地研究了晶化温度、晶化时间、凝胶组成等对合成ＭＣＭ－４８介孔分子筛的影响     

Cu－HMS分子筛的合成条件及其催化性能

 以十二胺（DDA）为模板剂，正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源，在中性介质中于室温条件下合成了含Cu的中孔杂原子分子筛Cu－HMS．在85℃及常压下，以异丙苯氧化（O2为氧化剂）为探针反应考察了Cu源、Cu／Si摩尔比、DDA／TEOS摩尔比和晶化时间等合成条件对分子筛催化氧化性能的影响．实验结果发现，在Cu／Si摩尔比为0．02～0．03，DDA／TEOS摩尔比为0．1～0．3，晶化时间为1h以上，Cu源为Cu（NO3）2的条件下得到的Cu－HMS分子筛催化活性最高．用XRD，29SiMASNMR，FT－IR，低温N2吸附和原子发射光谱（ICP）等手段对催化活性最高的分子筛样品的结构及表面性质进行了表征，证明该分子筛具有典型的HMS结构，同时发现Cu元素已进入分子筛骨架结构．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.